refresher corner - Heart and Metabolism
... disturbances in ionic homeostasis. As glycolysis only provides a small fraction of ATP compared with that provided by the oxidation of carbohydrates and fatty acids, its ability to maintain ionic homeostasis during ischemia is finite. Mitochondrial ATP production during ischemia decreases in propo ...
... disturbances in ionic homeostasis. As glycolysis only provides a small fraction of ATP compared with that provided by the oxidation of carbohydrates and fatty acids, its ability to maintain ionic homeostasis during ischemia is finite. Mitochondrial ATP production during ischemia decreases in propo ...
Complex III
... electron transfers from the reduced flavin to the series of three iron–sulfur clusters In those species with a cytochrome b anchor, the heme group is not part of the electron transfer pathway. ...
... electron transfers from the reduced flavin to the series of three iron–sulfur clusters In those species with a cytochrome b anchor, the heme group is not part of the electron transfer pathway. ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism Updated
... • Hexose monophosphate Shunt(HMP Shunt): It is an alternative pathway for oxidation of glucose. Some pentoses can also be oxidized through this pathway. • Uronic acid pathway:Glucose is oxidized to glucuronic acid. • Galactose metabolism:Galactose is converted to glucose. • Fructose metabolism:Fruct ...
... • Hexose monophosphate Shunt(HMP Shunt): It is an alternative pathway for oxidation of glucose. Some pentoses can also be oxidized through this pathway. • Uronic acid pathway:Glucose is oxidized to glucuronic acid. • Galactose metabolism:Galactose is converted to glucose. • Fructose metabolism:Fruct ...
Lab 5 Sugar Fermentation in Yeast
... dioxide produced by fermentation cannot escape. Do this by turning the handle of valve on the rubber stopper assembly to a horizontal position as in figure 6. The pressure sensor will now be measuring the pressure within the test tube. After data collection has started do not tamper with the fitting ...
... dioxide produced by fermentation cannot escape. Do this by turning the handle of valve on the rubber stopper assembly to a horizontal position as in figure 6. The pressure sensor will now be measuring the pressure within the test tube. After data collection has started do not tamper with the fitting ...
Metabolism
... ADP + Pi DG°'= - 31 kJ/mole !!! (ΔG°' = standard free energy change at pH 7) Pathways within the cell that synthesise molecules are generally energetically unfavourable e.g. peptide synthesis They take place because they are coupled to an energetically favourable one. Providing that the sum of the D ...
... ADP + Pi DG°'= - 31 kJ/mole !!! (ΔG°' = standard free energy change at pH 7) Pathways within the cell that synthesise molecules are generally energetically unfavourable e.g. peptide synthesis They take place because they are coupled to an energetically favourable one. Providing that the sum of the D ...
Cellular Respiration Webquest
... (http://phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/cellresp/intro.html) 8. Click on Concept 1 & 2. Where does glycolysis occur? What is the function of this stage of respiration? ...
... (http://phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/cellresp/intro.html) 8. Click on Concept 1 & 2. Where does glycolysis occur? What is the function of this stage of respiration? ...
The Nitrogen Cycle_article alternate assignment
... Why is nitrogen important to life? Plants and animals could not live without nitrogen. It is an important part of many cells and processes such as amino acids, proteins, and even our DNA. It is also needed to make chlorophyll in plants, which plants use in photosynthesis to make their food and energ ...
... Why is nitrogen important to life? Plants and animals could not live without nitrogen. It is an important part of many cells and processes such as amino acids, proteins, and even our DNA. It is also needed to make chlorophyll in plants, which plants use in photosynthesis to make their food and energ ...
Final Exam Study Guide: Chapter 16: Citric Acid Cycle
... catalyzes this reaction and provide the formulas of the reactants and products of this reaction. ...
... catalyzes this reaction and provide the formulas of the reactants and products of this reaction. ...
03-232 Biochemistry ... Name:________________________ or the back of the preceding page. In questions... Instructions:
... transport. Be sure to indicate how energy released from this step is stored for the generation of ATP. Indicate the relative energy content of the two compounds that enter this pathway. Choice B: Briefly describe the last step in the conversion of the energy in the bagel to ATP, i.e. the synthesis o ...
... transport. Be sure to indicate how energy released from this step is stored for the generation of ATP. Indicate the relative energy content of the two compounds that enter this pathway. Choice B: Briefly describe the last step in the conversion of the energy in the bagel to ATP, i.e. the synthesis o ...
Food Fuels and Three Energy Systems
... All pyruvic acid produced is converted into lactic acid, which lead to the byproduction of Hydrogen ions (H+) These ions are responsible for impeding maximal muscle contractions, due to the inhibition of certain enzymes. Reduced muscle contractility is a safety mechanism employed to stop the destruc ...
... All pyruvic acid produced is converted into lactic acid, which lead to the byproduction of Hydrogen ions (H+) These ions are responsible for impeding maximal muscle contractions, due to the inhibition of certain enzymes. Reduced muscle contractility is a safety mechanism employed to stop the destruc ...
Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY
... nitrogenase, which uses these electrons to reduce N2 to NH3. The transfer of electrons from the reductase to the nitrogenase is coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP. ...
... nitrogenase, which uses these electrons to reduce N2 to NH3. The transfer of electrons from the reductase to the nitrogenase is coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP. ...
Energy systems. - CCVI
... proper functioning. Besides, the required fuels (ATP and PC) have already been stored in the muscle cells ...
... proper functioning. Besides, the required fuels (ATP and PC) have already been stored in the muscle cells ...
5-2 Necleotide Metabolism (pyrimidine) - Home
... •ATCase is the major site of regulation in bacteria; it is activated by ATP and inhibited by CTP •carbamoyl phosphate is an “activated” compound, so no energy input is needed at this step ...
... •ATCase is the major site of regulation in bacteria; it is activated by ATP and inhibited by CTP •carbamoyl phosphate is an “activated” compound, so no energy input is needed at this step ...
liking lichens in georgia
... This exercise was produced for Georgia’s Teacher Quality Higher Education Program, a federal program under the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia. It is funded through the United States Department of Education as part of the No Child Left Behind Act (Title II, Part A, of Public Law ...
... This exercise was produced for Georgia’s Teacher Quality Higher Education Program, a federal program under the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia. It is funded through the United States Department of Education as part of the No Child Left Behind Act (Title II, Part A, of Public Law ...
Section 6.1 Summary – pages 141-151
... • Everything – whether it is a rock, frog, or flower – is made of substances called elements. ...
... • Everything – whether it is a rock, frog, or flower – is made of substances called elements. ...
glycogen disappears
... Glycolysis & the Oxidation of Pyruvate Glycolysis, the major pathway for glucose metabolism, occurs in the cytosol of all cells. ...
... Glycolysis & the Oxidation of Pyruvate Glycolysis, the major pathway for glucose metabolism, occurs in the cytosol of all cells. ...
1 - u.arizona.edu
... - PDH allosterically inhibited by acetyl CoA (E2 component) and NADH (E3 component) - NADH provides electrons for respiratory (electron transport) chain (oxidative phosphorylation) - enough ATP NADH accumulates in mitochondrial matrix shuts off E3 enzyme to prevent mitochondria from unnecessaril ...
... - PDH allosterically inhibited by acetyl CoA (E2 component) and NADH (E3 component) - NADH provides electrons for respiratory (electron transport) chain (oxidative phosphorylation) - enough ATP NADH accumulates in mitochondrial matrix shuts off E3 enzyme to prevent mitochondria from unnecessaril ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)