Study of Volatile Compounds in Thai Rice Wine (Sato) Produced
... Hernández-Orte, Ibarz, Cacho and Ferreira (5) which the increased volatile compounds was associated with an increase in concentration of phenylalanine, aspartic acid, threonine and alanine. However, high concentration of valine in the WR sample did not cause any increase in 2-methyl-1-propanol. In a ...
... Hernández-Orte, Ibarz, Cacho and Ferreira (5) which the increased volatile compounds was associated with an increase in concentration of phenylalanine, aspartic acid, threonine and alanine. However, high concentration of valine in the WR sample did not cause any increase in 2-methyl-1-propanol. In a ...
How to ID an Unknown Organism
... Enterotube (rapid identification method). Comparisons between rapid identification methods and conventional methods show that they are equally accurate. • NOTE: Be able to match tests and media to their reagents, pH indicators, substrates, products, enzymes, and results, as indicated in the table at ...
... Enterotube (rapid identification method). Comparisons between rapid identification methods and conventional methods show that they are equally accurate. • NOTE: Be able to match tests and media to their reagents, pH indicators, substrates, products, enzymes, and results, as indicated in the table at ...
Crystal Structures of the Oxidized and Reduced Forms of UDP
... epimerase complexed with NADH/UDP and NAD+/UDP, refined to 1.8 and 2.0 Å, respectively. The R-carbon positions for the two forms of the enzyme are superimposed with a root-mean-square deviation of 0.36 Å. Overall, the models for the reduced and oxidized proteins are very similar except for the posit ...
... epimerase complexed with NADH/UDP and NAD+/UDP, refined to 1.8 and 2.0 Å, respectively. The R-carbon positions for the two forms of the enzyme are superimposed with a root-mean-square deviation of 0.36 Å. Overall, the models for the reduced and oxidized proteins are very similar except for the posit ...
Document
... We’d like to think that lots of pathways are fully reversible Usually at least one step in any pathway is irreversible (Go’ < -15 kJ mol-1) Say CD is irreversible so E3 only works in the forward direction Then D + ATP C + ADP + Pi allows us to reverse that one step with help The other steps can b ...
... We’d like to think that lots of pathways are fully reversible Usually at least one step in any pathway is irreversible (Go’ < -15 kJ mol-1) Say CD is irreversible so E3 only works in the forward direction Then D + ATP C + ADP + Pi allows us to reverse that one step with help The other steps can b ...
Enzyme Mechanisms - Illinois Institute of Technology
... We’d like to think that lots of pathways are fully reversible Usually at least one step in any pathway is irreversible (Go’ < -15 kJ mol-1) Say CD is irreversible so E3 only works in the forward direction Then D + ATP C + ADP + Pi allows us to reverse that one step with help The other steps can b ...
... We’d like to think that lots of pathways are fully reversible Usually at least one step in any pathway is irreversible (Go’ < -15 kJ mol-1) Say CD is irreversible so E3 only works in the forward direction Then D + ATP C + ADP + Pi allows us to reverse that one step with help The other steps can b ...
Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis
... All three isozymes of pyruvate kinase are allosterically inhibited by ATP, acetyl-CoA and long chain fatty acids (all signs of an abundant energy supply). The liver isoenzyme (L form), but not the muscle isoenzyme (M form) is further regulated by phosphorylation. When the glucose level in blood decr ...
... All three isozymes of pyruvate kinase are allosterically inhibited by ATP, acetyl-CoA and long chain fatty acids (all signs of an abundant energy supply). The liver isoenzyme (L form), but not the muscle isoenzyme (M form) is further regulated by phosphorylation. When the glucose level in blood decr ...
ribosomal defects in a mutant deficient in the yajl homolog of the
... The expression levels of mRNAs coding for respiratory dehydrogenases were determined by DNA array experiments (Figure 3A). Mutant/parental strain gene expression ratios were between 0.4 and 0.8 for nuoA-N, and were 0.75 for ndh and 1.3 for sdhABCD. By contrast, the yajL mutant overexpressed several ...
... The expression levels of mRNAs coding for respiratory dehydrogenases were determined by DNA array experiments (Figure 3A). Mutant/parental strain gene expression ratios were between 0.4 and 0.8 for nuoA-N, and were 0.75 for ndh and 1.3 for sdhABCD. By contrast, the yajL mutant overexpressed several ...
Enteric Microbes, Water Sources and Water Treatment
... • used in 40 WTPs in US in 1990 (growing use since then), but more than 1000WTPs in European countries • increased interest as an alternative to free chlorine (strong oxidant; strong microbiocidal activity; perhaps less toxic DBPs) – A secondary disinfectant giving a stable residual may be needed to ...
... • used in 40 WTPs in US in 1990 (growing use since then), but more than 1000WTPs in European countries • increased interest as an alternative to free chlorine (strong oxidant; strong microbiocidal activity; perhaps less toxic DBPs) – A secondary disinfectant giving a stable residual may be needed to ...
The Role of the Terminal and Subterminal Oxidation
... dissimilation is via acetone, i.e. by subterminal oxidation (Fig. 1;Perry, 1980). This conclusion is based upon the finding that some strains of propane-utilizing bacteria converted propane to acetone which accumulated in the culture medium (Lukins & Foster, 1963) and that bacteria grown on propane ...
... dissimilation is via acetone, i.e. by subterminal oxidation (Fig. 1;Perry, 1980). This conclusion is based upon the finding that some strains of propane-utilizing bacteria converted propane to acetone which accumulated in the culture medium (Lukins & Foster, 1963) and that bacteria grown on propane ...
Global Properties of the Metabolic Map of
... The EcoCyc database characterizes the known network of Escherichia coli small-molecule metabolism. Here we present a computational analysis of the global properties of that network, which consists of 744 reactions that are catalyzed by 607 enzymes. The reactions are organized into 131 pathways. Of t ...
... The EcoCyc database characterizes the known network of Escherichia coli small-molecule metabolism. Here we present a computational analysis of the global properties of that network, which consists of 744 reactions that are catalyzed by 607 enzymes. The reactions are organized into 131 pathways. Of t ...
Lehninger-Principles-of-Biochemistry-Nelson-5th-Edition-1
... What six characteristics distinguish living organisms from inanimate objects? Ans: Living organisms (1) are chemically complex and highly organized; (2) extract, transform, and use energy from their environment; (3) have the capacity to precisely self-replicate and self-assemble; (4) exploit a chemi ...
... What six characteristics distinguish living organisms from inanimate objects? Ans: Living organisms (1) are chemically complex and highly organized; (2) extract, transform, and use energy from their environment; (3) have the capacity to precisely self-replicate and self-assemble; (4) exploit a chemi ...
The Effect of Antibiotics on Synthesis of Mucopeptide
... turbidity increment (Wilkinson & White, I 969). Autoradiography of the hydrolysed mucopeptides showed only one fogged area of film corresponding to the radioactively labelled amino acid supplied. Teichoic acid synthesis by parent and strain CRD. These were compared (Table 3). The results are express ...
... turbidity increment (Wilkinson & White, I 969). Autoradiography of the hydrolysed mucopeptides showed only one fogged area of film corresponding to the radioactively labelled amino acid supplied. Teichoic acid synthesis by parent and strain CRD. These were compared (Table 3). The results are express ...
12ppt - UCSD Course Websites
... The Biochemical Bottom Line: Krebs Acetyl-CoA + 3 NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi + 2 H2O ...
... The Biochemical Bottom Line: Krebs Acetyl-CoA + 3 NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi + 2 H2O ...
Gluconeogenesis
... Bryant Miles The synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors is called gluconeogenesis. This metabolic pathway is very important because glucose is the primary energy source for the brain. Erythrocytes do not have mitochondria and derive all of their energy by glycolysis converting glucose ...
... Bryant Miles The synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors is called gluconeogenesis. This metabolic pathway is very important because glucose is the primary energy source for the brain. Erythrocytes do not have mitochondria and derive all of their energy by glycolysis converting glucose ...
Model of Skeletal Muscle Energy Metabolism
... MATERIALS S2: METABOLIC REACTIONS FLUX EXPRESSIONS The flux expressions for the compartmentalized lumped metabolic reactions that convert substrates to products in the two subcellular compartments (cytosol and mitochondria) in coupled with the energy controller pairs ATP-ADP and NADH-NAD+ are writte ...
... MATERIALS S2: METABOLIC REACTIONS FLUX EXPRESSIONS The flux expressions for the compartmentalized lumped metabolic reactions that convert substrates to products in the two subcellular compartments (cytosol and mitochondria) in coupled with the energy controller pairs ATP-ADP and NADH-NAD+ are writte ...
Oxidation
... • Can be used as a fuel in most tissues and organs. • Formation occurs when the amount of acetyl CoA produced is excessive compared to the amount of oxaloacetate available to react with it and take it into the ...
... • Can be used as a fuel in most tissues and organs. • Formation occurs when the amount of acetyl CoA produced is excessive compared to the amount of oxaloacetate available to react with it and take it into the ...
Flux distributions in anaerobic, glucose-limited
... 1983;Holmes et al., 1991). Measurements of the specific activities of both the NADPH-dependent and the NADH-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase and GOGAT carried out in this work (see Results) showed that the activity of the former enzyme exceeds the activities of the two other enzymes by a factor of ...
... 1983;Holmes et al., 1991). Measurements of the specific activities of both the NADPH-dependent and the NADH-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase and GOGAT carried out in this work (see Results) showed that the activity of the former enzyme exceeds the activities of the two other enzymes by a factor of ...
Generation of genome-scale metabolic reconstructions for
... (2010)9. We expanded the reconstructions by refining gut-microbiota-specific and central metabolic subsystems, and curated all of the reconstructions by reference to 236 publications, two reference books (Supplementary Table 1), and comparative genomics analyses (Online Methods and Supplementary Tab ...
... (2010)9. We expanded the reconstructions by refining gut-microbiota-specific and central metabolic subsystems, and curated all of the reconstructions by reference to 236 publications, two reference books (Supplementary Table 1), and comparative genomics analyses (Online Methods and Supplementary Tab ...
Topic 9 Reduction and Oxidation File
... Standard electrode potential: The electrode potential of one half-cell compared against another half-cell, by convention, the hydrogen half-cell, which is arbitrarily given a value of 0 V. Standard cell potential: Difference between the two standard electrode potentials of the two half cells. Stand ...
... Standard electrode potential: The electrode potential of one half-cell compared against another half-cell, by convention, the hydrogen half-cell, which is arbitrarily given a value of 0 V. Standard cell potential: Difference between the two standard electrode potentials of the two half cells. Stand ...
Vitamins and Coenzymes - Rose
... FMN and FAD are non-covalently attached to their enzymes, but generally do not dissociate. These compounds therefore nearly always function as prosthetic groups, and act as storage locations for electrons within proteins. The isoalloxazine ring can accept or transfer electrons one at a time, althoug ...
... FMN and FAD are non-covalently attached to their enzymes, but generally do not dissociate. These compounds therefore nearly always function as prosthetic groups, and act as storage locations for electrons within proteins. The isoalloxazine ring can accept or transfer electrons one at a time, althoug ...
Osmoadaptation mechanisms in prokaryotes
... a few organic anions—mostly amino acids and derivatives— such as a-glutamate (Fig. 1) or its isomers, which can be synthesized or captured from the medium [4]. In general, the accumulation of α-glutamate reaches a physiological plateau prior to the activation of osmoadaptive phenomena: the rarer β-g ...
... a few organic anions—mostly amino acids and derivatives— such as a-glutamate (Fig. 1) or its isomers, which can be synthesized or captured from the medium [4]. In general, the accumulation of α-glutamate reaches a physiological plateau prior to the activation of osmoadaptive phenomena: the rarer β-g ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)