Pyruvate and Acetate Metabolism in the Photosynthetic Bacterium
... substrates (Willison et al., 1984). These mutants excrete lower quantities of reduced carbon into the culture medium than the wild-type, and also have increased levels of D-maliC enzyme. However, the precise nature of the lesion in these mutants has not been identified. In order to understand the fa ...
... substrates (Willison et al., 1984). These mutants excrete lower quantities of reduced carbon into the culture medium than the wild-type, and also have increased levels of D-maliC enzyme. However, the precise nature of the lesion in these mutants has not been identified. In order to understand the fa ...
Chapter 25
... So far, we have developed a complicated picture of intermediary metabolism and it is time to attempt to simplify and unify. There are a small number of intermediates that serve crucial roles in intermediary metabolism. These include sugar phosphates, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, ketoglutarate, acetyl-Co ...
... So far, we have developed a complicated picture of intermediary metabolism and it is time to attempt to simplify and unify. There are a small number of intermediates that serve crucial roles in intermediary metabolism. These include sugar phosphates, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, ketoglutarate, acetyl-Co ...
Lec6 Fatty acid oxid..
... 3- Beta oxidation of fatty acids: It is the major pathway of oxidation (catabolism or breakdown) of saturated fatty acids in which two carbons are removed from activated fatty acid, producing acetyl CoA, NADH and FADH2 Site: in the mitochondria of all tissues particularly in the liver. So there is ...
... 3- Beta oxidation of fatty acids: It is the major pathway of oxidation (catabolism or breakdown) of saturated fatty acids in which two carbons are removed from activated fatty acid, producing acetyl CoA, NADH and FADH2 Site: in the mitochondria of all tissues particularly in the liver. So there is ...
Fatty Acid Metabolism
... 1. Long Chain Fatty Acids (20-22 Carbons or Greater) are Oxidized in Beta Oxidation Reactions in Peroxisomes 2. Fatty Acids with Odd Numbers of Carbons and some Amino Acids are Oxidized in β-οxidation, Yielding Propionyl-CoA ...
... 1. Long Chain Fatty Acids (20-22 Carbons or Greater) are Oxidized in Beta Oxidation Reactions in Peroxisomes 2. Fatty Acids with Odd Numbers of Carbons and some Amino Acids are Oxidized in β-οxidation, Yielding Propionyl-CoA ...
Fatty Acid Metabolism - Oregon State University
... 1. Long Chain Fatty Acids (20-22 Carbons or Greater) are Oxidized in Beta Oxidation Reactions in Peroxisomes 2. Fatty Acids with Odd Numbers of Carbons and some Amino Acids are Oxidized in β-οxidation, Yielding Propionyl-CoA ...
... 1. Long Chain Fatty Acids (20-22 Carbons or Greater) are Oxidized in Beta Oxidation Reactions in Peroxisomes 2. Fatty Acids with Odd Numbers of Carbons and some Amino Acids are Oxidized in β-οxidation, Yielding Propionyl-CoA ...
LEU - TCAPS Moodle
... 1. Examine Figure 1, which compares corresponding portions of hemoglobin molecules in humans and five other vertebrate animals. Hemoglobin, a protein composed of several long chains of amino acids, is the oxygen-carrying molecule in red blood cells. The sequence shown is only a portion of a chain ma ...
... 1. Examine Figure 1, which compares corresponding portions of hemoglobin molecules in humans and five other vertebrate animals. Hemoglobin, a protein composed of several long chains of amino acids, is the oxygen-carrying molecule in red blood cells. The sequence shown is only a portion of a chain ma ...
Chapter 17. Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea
... share similar strategies of fatty acid oxidation. • Leu is finally converted to acetyl-CoA and acetoacetate; Val to propionyl-CoA; Ile to acetylCoA and propionyl-CoA. • The propionyl-CoA produced is converted to succinyl-CoA via carboxylation and intramolecular rearrangement involving free radicals ...
... share similar strategies of fatty acid oxidation. • Leu is finally converted to acetyl-CoA and acetoacetate; Val to propionyl-CoA; Ile to acetylCoA and propionyl-CoA. • The propionyl-CoA produced is converted to succinyl-CoA via carboxylation and intramolecular rearrangement involving free radicals ...
4a How to ID and Unk organism
... lid on your agar plate next lab period, and put one drop of H2O2 onto the colony. A positive test will show the oxygen bubbles rising up from the plate. That means the organism has the enzyme, so it is catalase +. NOTE: do not get catalase mixed up with oxidase. Catalase breaks down into oxygen, but ...
... lid on your agar plate next lab period, and put one drop of H2O2 onto the colony. A positive test will show the oxygen bubbles rising up from the plate. That means the organism has the enzyme, so it is catalase +. NOTE: do not get catalase mixed up with oxidase. Catalase breaks down into oxygen, but ...
Enteric Microbes, Water Sources and Water Treatment
... • used in 40 WTPs in US in 1990 (growing use since then), but more than 1000WTPs in European countries • increased interest as an alternative to free chlorine (strong oxidant; strong microbiocidal activity; perhaps less toxic DBPs) – A secondary disinfectant giving a stable residual may be needed to ...
... • used in 40 WTPs in US in 1990 (growing use since then), but more than 1000WTPs in European countries • increased interest as an alternative to free chlorine (strong oxidant; strong microbiocidal activity; perhaps less toxic DBPs) – A secondary disinfectant giving a stable residual may be needed to ...
The source of fermentable carbohydrates influences the in vitro
... digestibility varies from 0.40 to 0.60 compared to the other nutrients (protein, fat, sugars or starch) which are above 0.80 (Noblet and Le Goff, 2001). On the other hand, the short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced by intestinal bacteria due to fibre fermentation can be used by the host animal for ...
... digestibility varies from 0.40 to 0.60 compared to the other nutrients (protein, fat, sugars or starch) which are above 0.80 (Noblet and Le Goff, 2001). On the other hand, the short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced by intestinal bacteria due to fibre fermentation can be used by the host animal for ...
Organotins-promoted peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids: A new
... (CH3 )2 SnCl2 , (C2 H5 )2 SnCl2 , and SnCl2 upon the radical chain oxidation of oleic acid as model substrate R H for lipid peroxidation in the simultaneous presence of porphyrins (free bases of meso-tetrakis(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (R4 PH2 ) and of meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (T ...
... (CH3 )2 SnCl2 , (C2 H5 )2 SnCl2 , and SnCl2 upon the radical chain oxidation of oleic acid as model substrate R H for lipid peroxidation in the simultaneous presence of porphyrins (free bases of meso-tetrakis(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (R4 PH2 ) and of meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (T ...
Calvin Cycle
... Plants designated C4 have one cell type in which phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is carboxylated via the enzyme PEP Carboxylase, to yield the 4-C oxaloacetate. Oxaloacetate is converted to other 4-C intermediates that are transported to cells active in photosynthesis, where CO2 is released by decarboxyl ...
... Plants designated C4 have one cell type in which phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is carboxylated via the enzyme PEP Carboxylase, to yield the 4-C oxaloacetate. Oxaloacetate is converted to other 4-C intermediates that are transported to cells active in photosynthesis, where CO2 is released by decarboxyl ...
A Requirement for Sodium in the Growth of
... which I made in the course of studying the amino acid nutrition of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, seemed significant. This bacterium can grow very well in media of ordinary ionic strength and thus is not obviously marine. I observed that it did not grow in a medium in which an artificial mixture of am ...
... which I made in the course of studying the amino acid nutrition of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, seemed significant. This bacterium can grow very well in media of ordinary ionic strength and thus is not obviously marine. I observed that it did not grow in a medium in which an artificial mixture of am ...
Lecture 008, Tissue - SuperPage for Joel R. Gober, PhD.
... different than this guy right over here or like that or like this. How many different ways can it bounce into each other in the wrong way to not make products compared to, I forgot, which was the right way. >> The other way. >> Okay. I like that, it could, they can bounce together probably a million ...
... different than this guy right over here or like that or like this. How many different ways can it bounce into each other in the wrong way to not make products compared to, I forgot, which was the right way. >> The other way. >> Okay. I like that, it could, they can bounce together probably a million ...
Cellular respiration
... Glycolysis Glucose breakdown starts with glycolysis, that occurs in the cytoplasm and is an anaerobic process. Pyruvate is the final product of the glycolysis and it can follow two pathways: 1.Cellular respiration (aerobic pathway) 1.Fermentation (anaerobic pathway) ...
... Glycolysis Glucose breakdown starts with glycolysis, that occurs in the cytoplasm and is an anaerobic process. Pyruvate is the final product of the glycolysis and it can follow two pathways: 1.Cellular respiration (aerobic pathway) 1.Fermentation (anaerobic pathway) ...
NAME UNIT 7: NOTES: REDOX (PART 1): OXIDATION #`S, An
... Iron ore: deemed valuable for its oxidized form of iron: Fe+2 and Fe+3, bonded in a compound with reduced oxygen (oxide). The reduction of an ore refers to converting the metal CATION back into the metal ATOM by having the ion GAIN electrons back History Buffs: The Hall Process and later the Besseme ...
... Iron ore: deemed valuable for its oxidized form of iron: Fe+2 and Fe+3, bonded in a compound with reduced oxygen (oxide). The reduction of an ore refers to converting the metal CATION back into the metal ATOM by having the ion GAIN electrons back History Buffs: The Hall Process and later the Besseme ...
Cellular respiration
... Glycolysis Glucose breakdown starts with glycolysis, that occurs in the cytoplasm and is an anaerobic process. Pyruvate is the final product of the glycolysis and it can follow two pathways: 1.Cellular respiration (aerobic pathway) 1.Fermentation (anaerobic pathway) ...
... Glycolysis Glucose breakdown starts with glycolysis, that occurs in the cytoplasm and is an anaerobic process. Pyruvate is the final product of the glycolysis and it can follow two pathways: 1.Cellular respiration (aerobic pathway) 1.Fermentation (anaerobic pathway) ...
Lesson Overview
... fact that the first compound formed in this pathway contains 4 carbon atoms. •They can capture even very low levels of carbon dioxide and pass it to the Calvin cycle (where carbohydrates are formed). •Require extra ATP to function. •C4 organisms include crop plants like corn, sugar cane, and sorghum ...
... fact that the first compound formed in this pathway contains 4 carbon atoms. •They can capture even very low levels of carbon dioxide and pass it to the Calvin cycle (where carbohydrates are formed). •Require extra ATP to function. •C4 organisms include crop plants like corn, sugar cane, and sorghum ...
Chapter 19
... atoms are covalently bonded to other atoms. For example, the following equation represents the redox reaction used to manufacture ammonia (NH 3). N 2(g) + 3H 2(g) → 2NH 3(g) This process involves neither ions nor any obvious transfer of electrons. The reactants and products are all molecular compoun ...
... atoms are covalently bonded to other atoms. For example, the following equation represents the redox reaction used to manufacture ammonia (NH 3). N 2(g) + 3H 2(g) → 2NH 3(g) This process involves neither ions nor any obvious transfer of electrons. The reactants and products are all molecular compoun ...
Document
... Anaerobic respiration: The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is not O2. Yields less energy than aerobic respiration because only part of the Krebs cycles operations under anaerobic conditions. ...
... Anaerobic respiration: The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is not O2. Yields less energy than aerobic respiration because only part of the Krebs cycles operations under anaerobic conditions. ...
Energy Metabolism of the Performance Horse. In
... Integration of anaerobic and aerobic pathways At the onset of exercise energy is primarily derived from the anaerobic pathways. At maximal short lasting exercise speeds, energy must be predominately generated by anaerobic pathways (Figure 1). Herby glycogen serves as the major fuel source, resulting ...
... Integration of anaerobic and aerobic pathways At the onset of exercise energy is primarily derived from the anaerobic pathways. At maximal short lasting exercise speeds, energy must be predominately generated by anaerobic pathways (Figure 1). Herby glycogen serves as the major fuel source, resulting ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)