Genome analysis of Desulfotomaculum gibsoniae strain
... Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism ...
... Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism ...
Analysis of Binary Relations and Hierarchies of Enzymes in the
... actually does not have the enzyme. In the case of the methionine biosynthesis, methionine can be synthesized from homoserine as shown in gure 1 instead of the path containing the missing enzyme EC 4.4.1.1. Thus the lack of this enzyme may not be lethal for the organism. Second, the assignment of th ...
... actually does not have the enzyme. In the case of the methionine biosynthesis, methionine can be synthesized from homoserine as shown in gure 1 instead of the path containing the missing enzyme EC 4.4.1.1. Thus the lack of this enzyme may not be lethal for the organism. Second, the assignment of th ...
- Philsci-Archive
... the oxygen-dependent generation of ATP (the “energetic currency” of cells) in mitochondria – oxidative phosphorylation or “OxPhos” for short. His mechanism was remarkable for the fact that it dispensed with the then-usual biochemistry of the homogeneous cytosol and instead gave an integral role to t ...
... the oxygen-dependent generation of ATP (the “energetic currency” of cells) in mitochondria – oxidative phosphorylation or “OxPhos” for short. His mechanism was remarkable for the fact that it dispensed with the then-usual biochemistry of the homogeneous cytosol and instead gave an integral role to t ...
University of Groningen Fructosyltransferases of Lactobacillus
... Intracellular storage polysaccharides are produced by plants (starch, inulin) and animals (glycogen) and, with fewer examples, by microorganisms (e.g. glycogen). Extracellular polysaccharides (exopolysaccharides; EPS) occur widely among bacteria and microalgae and, less frequently, among yeasts and ...
... Intracellular storage polysaccharides are produced by plants (starch, inulin) and animals (glycogen) and, with fewer examples, by microorganisms (e.g. glycogen). Extracellular polysaccharides (exopolysaccharides; EPS) occur widely among bacteria and microalgae and, less frequently, among yeasts and ...
Origin of Life
... No organisms were actually made. Even if organisms were made in this way, this would not prove it to be how things actually happened, it only shows it to be one possible way. Accumulation of organic monomers is only the first step in chemical evolution. ©2000 Timothy G. Standish ...
... No organisms were actually made. Even if organisms were made in this way, this would not prove it to be how things actually happened, it only shows it to be one possible way. Accumulation of organic monomers is only the first step in chemical evolution. ©2000 Timothy G. Standish ...
AP Biology Cell Unit Exam - Speedway High School
... C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy A) C6H12O6 is oxidized and O2 is reduced. B) C6H12O6 is reduced and CO2 is oxidized. C) O2 is oxidized and H2O is reduced. D) CO2 is reduced and O2 is oxidized. E) O2 is reduced and CO2 is oxidized. 27) What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle? A) use ...
... C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy A) C6H12O6 is oxidized and O2 is reduced. B) C6H12O6 is reduced and CO2 is oxidized. C) O2 is oxidized and H2O is reduced. D) CO2 is reduced and O2 is oxidized. E) O2 is reduced and CO2 is oxidized. 27) What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle? A) use ...
Paper (marking scheme)
... an incorrect answer. This happens when the correct answer is a specific word or term and it is indicated on the scheme by an asterisk *. ...
... an incorrect answer. This happens when the correct answer is a specific word or term and it is indicated on the scheme by an asterisk *. ...
Control of Maximum Rates of Glycolysis in Rat Cardiac Muscle
... stimulation of glycolysis resulted in increased cytosolic NADH/NAD ratios and the rate of disposal of glycolytically produced NADH appeared to limit the maximum glycolytic rate. In aerobic hearts, oxidation of glucose and lactate increased linearly as developed ventricular pressure was raised from 6 ...
... stimulation of glycolysis resulted in increased cytosolic NADH/NAD ratios and the rate of disposal of glycolytically produced NADH appeared to limit the maximum glycolytic rate. In aerobic hearts, oxidation of glucose and lactate increased linearly as developed ventricular pressure was raised from 6 ...
Chapter 1
... • Small amounts of acetoacetate spontaneously lose CO2 to produce acetone – This process can result in “acetone breath” often associated with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus ...
... • Small amounts of acetoacetate spontaneously lose CO2 to produce acetone – This process can result in “acetone breath” often associated with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus ...
B324notesTheme 2
... protein kinase (PKA), which in turn is regulated by circulating peptide hormones. When blood glucose levels drop, pancreatic insulin production falls, glucagon secretion is stimulated, and circulating glucagon is highly increased. Hormones such as glucagon bind to plasma membrane receptors on liver ...
... protein kinase (PKA), which in turn is regulated by circulating peptide hormones. When blood glucose levels drop, pancreatic insulin production falls, glucagon secretion is stimulated, and circulating glucagon is highly increased. Hormones such as glucagon bind to plasma membrane receptors on liver ...
The Puzzle of the Krebs Citric Acid Cycle: Assembling the Pieces of
... sequence shown in Fig. 4 (see also Table 3). In this case the first step of the cycle is a Michael addition of a carbon nucleophile to an enone structure. We note with interest that this class of organic reaction is not used in metabolism of modern cells. The reason for this is not clear but may lie ...
... sequence shown in Fig. 4 (see also Table 3). In this case the first step of the cycle is a Michael addition of a carbon nucleophile to an enone structure. We note with interest that this class of organic reaction is not used in metabolism of modern cells. The reason for this is not clear but may lie ...
FAS or PKS, lipid biosynthesis and stable carbon isotope
... Fatty acids are found in plants, animals, and microorganisms. Given the ubiquity of these important membrane components in biological systems, it is reasonable to assume that the biosynthetic pathway of fatty acids is relatively ancient [58]. Bacteria are known to synthesize fatty acids via the clas ...
... Fatty acids are found in plants, animals, and microorganisms. Given the ubiquity of these important membrane components in biological systems, it is reasonable to assume that the biosynthetic pathway of fatty acids is relatively ancient [58]. Bacteria are known to synthesize fatty acids via the clas ...
Sample pages 2 PDF
... of the glycolysis pathway. The glycolytic reactions and their corresponding enzymes are shown in Table 2.2. The corresponding S is shown in Fig. 2.3. The organization of the reconstructed network can also be represented graphically. Cellular metabolism involves two sets of objects: reactions and met ...
... of the glycolysis pathway. The glycolytic reactions and their corresponding enzymes are shown in Table 2.2. The corresponding S is shown in Fig. 2.3. The organization of the reconstructed network can also be represented graphically. Cellular metabolism involves two sets of objects: reactions and met ...
Enzyme
... The degree of specificity varies from one enzyme to another. Intracellular enzyme works on one particular substrate. Extracellular enzyme works on a range of related substrates. ...
... The degree of specificity varies from one enzyme to another. Intracellular enzyme works on one particular substrate. Extracellular enzyme works on a range of related substrates. ...
CHEM 121 Chp 5 Spaulding
... The formula weight is the sum of the atomic weights of all the atoms in a compound, reported in atomic mass units The molar mass is the mass of one mole of any substance, reported in grams ◦ The value of the molar mass of a compound in grams equals the value of its formula weight in ...
... The formula weight is the sum of the atomic weights of all the atoms in a compound, reported in atomic mass units The molar mass is the mass of one mole of any substance, reported in grams ◦ The value of the molar mass of a compound in grams equals the value of its formula weight in ...
Monday 10-1 Lecture 1 Q: Thanks for podcasting How can one not
... Although there there might be “tricky” ways to make it difficult for people to recognize a structure (like adding an extra –CH2- to the lysine (K) chain, or making proline with a four membered ring), I can promise you I will NEVER do such things. I am not about TRICKY test questions. Hate that. But ...
... Although there there might be “tricky” ways to make it difficult for people to recognize a structure (like adding an extra –CH2- to the lysine (K) chain, or making proline with a four membered ring), I can promise you I will NEVER do such things. I am not about TRICKY test questions. Hate that. But ...
Fructose 6-Phosphate
... decarboxylase and cannot produce ethanol from pyruvate • Muscle contain lactate dehydrogenase. During intense activity when the amount of oxygen is limiting the lactic acid can be accumulated in muscles (lactic acidosis). • Lactate formed in skeletal muscles during exercise is transported to the liv ...
... decarboxylase and cannot produce ethanol from pyruvate • Muscle contain lactate dehydrogenase. During intense activity when the amount of oxygen is limiting the lactic acid can be accumulated in muscles (lactic acidosis). • Lactate formed in skeletal muscles during exercise is transported to the liv ...
The Citric acid cycle - University of Houston
... generation of these compounds and others as well. Amphibolic - acts both catabolically and anabolically ...
... generation of these compounds and others as well. Amphibolic - acts both catabolically and anabolically ...
- Wiley Online Library
... any NO-producing nitrite reductase. In the course of respiratory nitrite ammoni¢cation, a non-fermentable substrate (predominantly formate or H2 ) is oxidized and electrons are transferred via the quinone pool to NrfA. Alternatively, many bacteria use nitrite as an electron sink, thereby replacing i ...
... any NO-producing nitrite reductase. In the course of respiratory nitrite ammoni¢cation, a non-fermentable substrate (predominantly formate or H2 ) is oxidized and electrons are transferred via the quinone pool to NrfA. Alternatively, many bacteria use nitrite as an electron sink, thereby replacing i ...
Mechanistic model of cardiac energy metabolism predicts
... (52, 68). Various metabolites related to energy transfer (e.g., NADH-NAD⫹ and ADP-ATP) act as modulators of key reactions in the cytosol and mitochondria but have different concentrations in these cellular domains. For example, under aerobic conditions, 5–10% of total ATP (10, 62) and 90% of the NAD ...
... (52, 68). Various metabolites related to energy transfer (e.g., NADH-NAD⫹ and ADP-ATP) act as modulators of key reactions in the cytosol and mitochondria but have different concentrations in these cellular domains. For example, under aerobic conditions, 5–10% of total ATP (10, 62) and 90% of the NAD ...
Elucidating the Rice Cells Metabolism under Flooding and Drought
... cytosol malate transporters in recycling the ammonia liberated during photorespiration and in ...
... cytosol malate transporters in recycling the ammonia liberated during photorespiration and in ...
Inhibition of anaerobic digestion by organic priority pollutants
... This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material ...
... This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)