Lecture 7- 24 October 2013 Vitamins in metabolism and regulation
... -provitamins-are metabolised to active form -in measuring a person’s vitamin intake it is important to count the active forms and the potential of the precursors to be converted to active forms ...
... -provitamins-are metabolised to active form -in measuring a person’s vitamin intake it is important to count the active forms and the potential of the precursors to be converted to active forms ...
Degradation of fluorobenzene by Rhizobiales strain F11 via
... not for meta ring cleavage of catechols. The results suggest that fluorobenzene is predominantly degraded via 4-fluorocatechol with subsequent ortho cleavage and also partially via catechol. in this study FB was not used as a carbon source. Recently, FB was reported to be completely degraded by a ba ...
... not for meta ring cleavage of catechols. The results suggest that fluorobenzene is predominantly degraded via 4-fluorocatechol with subsequent ortho cleavage and also partially via catechol. in this study FB was not used as a carbon source. Recently, FB was reported to be completely degraded by a ba ...
Photosynthetic Carbon Metabolism
... oxygen to react with ribulose bisphosphate, producing the two-carbon acid phosphoglycolate, in addition to 3phosphoglycerate. The phosphoglycolate product is recycled back into 3-phosphoglycerate in a process called photorespiration (Ogren, 1984). In this process one CO2 is released for every two ph ...
... oxygen to react with ribulose bisphosphate, producing the two-carbon acid phosphoglycolate, in addition to 3phosphoglycerate. The phosphoglycolate product is recycled back into 3-phosphoglycerate in a process called photorespiration (Ogren, 1984). In this process one CO2 is released for every two ph ...
CHAPTER 6
... • Franz Knoop showed that fatty acids must be degraded by removal of 2-C units (acetate) • Albert Lehninger showed that this occurred in the mitochondria • F. Lynen and E. Reichart showed that the 2-C unit released is acetyl-CoA, not free acetate • The process begins with oxidation of the carbon tha ...
... • Franz Knoop showed that fatty acids must be degraded by removal of 2-C units (acetate) • Albert Lehninger showed that this occurred in the mitochondria • F. Lynen and E. Reichart showed that the 2-C unit released is acetyl-CoA, not free acetate • The process begins with oxidation of the carbon tha ...
Human Physiology - Orange Coast College
... intermediate molecules (phosphorylation). Phosphorylation of glucose, traps the glucose inside the cell. Net gain of 2 ATP and 2 NADH. ...
... intermediate molecules (phosphorylation). Phosphorylation of glucose, traps the glucose inside the cell. Net gain of 2 ATP and 2 NADH. ...
Glucose metabolic flux distribution of Lactobacillus amylophilus
... affects the decomposition of carbon source and the direction of metabolic synthesis. In L. amylophilus, NADPH is needed to provide the reducing power for biosynthesis and promote pyruvate production to synthesize cellular component material (amino acids, nucleotides and lipids among others) using gl ...
... affects the decomposition of carbon source and the direction of metabolic synthesis. In L. amylophilus, NADPH is needed to provide the reducing power for biosynthesis and promote pyruvate production to synthesize cellular component material (amino acids, nucleotides and lipids among others) using gl ...
Chapter 14
... 2. Electron transport through the ETC generates a proton gradient (pumps H+ from the matrix to the intermembrane space) 3. The membrane-spanning enzyme, ATP synthase, catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP in a reaction driven by movement of H+ across the inner membrane into the matrix Prentice Hall c ...
... 2. Electron transport through the ETC generates a proton gradient (pumps H+ from the matrix to the intermembrane space) 3. The membrane-spanning enzyme, ATP synthase, catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP in a reaction driven by movement of H+ across the inner membrane into the matrix Prentice Hall c ...
lecture1
... Energy Producing:- Oxidation of triosePO4 to lactate The enzymes with the exception of enolase and pyruvate decarboxylase ...
... Energy Producing:- Oxidation of triosePO4 to lactate The enzymes with the exception of enolase and pyruvate decarboxylase ...
Factors affecting human decomposition
... coffin. Formaldehyde may be degraded anaerobically via hydrogen and methanol before being converted into methane (Omil et al. 1998). The chemicals used in embalming repel most insects, and slow down bacterial putrefaction by either killing existing bacteria in or on the body themselves or by "fixing ...
... coffin. Formaldehyde may be degraded anaerobically via hydrogen and methanol before being converted into methane (Omil et al. 1998). The chemicals used in embalming repel most insects, and slow down bacterial putrefaction by either killing existing bacteria in or on the body themselves or by "fixing ...
Evaluation of volatile compounds produced by Lactobacillus
... Chromatographic analysis Volatile compounds retained on the fiber-coating phase were thermally desorbed in the injection port (250 °C, splitless mode) equipped with a narrow-bore glass liner (Supelco, Bellefonte, USA) of a gas chromatograph (PerkinElmer model 9000, USA). The compounds were separated ...
... Chromatographic analysis Volatile compounds retained on the fiber-coating phase were thermally desorbed in the injection port (250 °C, splitless mode) equipped with a narrow-bore glass liner (Supelco, Bellefonte, USA) of a gas chromatograph (PerkinElmer model 9000, USA). The compounds were separated ...
The role of ATP in metabolism
... majority give rise to condensation products such as amides, glycosides or esters, (eg, see Eqn 13). Direct condensation reactions (which do not involve ATP) have equilibrium constants which are usually very much less than unity, reflecting the fact that water must be liberated into a medium in which ...
... majority give rise to condensation products such as amides, glycosides or esters, (eg, see Eqn 13). Direct condensation reactions (which do not involve ATP) have equilibrium constants which are usually very much less than unity, reflecting the fact that water must be liberated into a medium in which ...
Chapter 1 The Foundations of Biochemistry
... What six characteristics distinguish living organisms from inanimate objects? Ans: Living organisms (1) are chemically complex and highly organized; (2) extract, transform, and use energy from their environment; (3) have the capacity to precisely self-replicate and self-assemble; (4) exploit a chemi ...
... What six characteristics distinguish living organisms from inanimate objects? Ans: Living organisms (1) are chemically complex and highly organized; (2) extract, transform, and use energy from their environment; (3) have the capacity to precisely self-replicate and self-assemble; (4) exploit a chemi ...
Soil and Applied Sulfur (A2525)
... similar to those of nitrogen. Most sulfur in the soil is unavailable as a part of the soil organic matter. As shown in Figure 1. The sulfur cycle. ...
... similar to those of nitrogen. Most sulfur in the soil is unavailable as a part of the soil organic matter. As shown in Figure 1. The sulfur cycle. ...
ch04-Cellular-Metabolism-Anatomy
... Energy for Metabolic Reactions Energy • ability to do work or change something • heat, light, sound, electricity, mechanical energy, chemical energy • changed from one form to another • involved in all metabolic reactions Release of chemical energy • most metabolic processes depend on chemical ener ...
... Energy for Metabolic Reactions Energy • ability to do work or change something • heat, light, sound, electricity, mechanical energy, chemical energy • changed from one form to another • involved in all metabolic reactions Release of chemical energy • most metabolic processes depend on chemical ener ...
Chap01, Chapter 1: The Molecular Logic of Life
... What six characteristics distinguish living organisms from inanimate objects? Ans: Living organisms (1) are chemically complex and highly organized; (2) extract, transform, and use energy from their environment; (3) have the capacity to precisely self-replicate and self-assemble; (4) exploit a chemi ...
... What six characteristics distinguish living organisms from inanimate objects? Ans: Living organisms (1) are chemically complex and highly organized; (2) extract, transform, and use energy from their environment; (3) have the capacity to precisely self-replicate and self-assemble; (4) exploit a chemi ...
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... What six characteristics distinguish living organisms from inanimate objects? Ans: Living organisms (1) are chemically complex and highly organized; (2) extract, transform, and use energy from their environment; (3) have the capacity to precisely self-replicate and self-assemble; (4) exploit a chemi ...
... What six characteristics distinguish living organisms from inanimate objects? Ans: Living organisms (1) are chemically complex and highly organized; (2) extract, transform, and use energy from their environment; (3) have the capacity to precisely self-replicate and self-assemble; (4) exploit a chemi ...
FREE Sample Here
... What six characteristics distinguish living organisms from inanimate objects? Ans: Living organisms (1) are chemically complex and highly organized; (2) extract, transform, and use energy from their environment; (3) have the capacity to precisely self-replicate and self-assemble; (4) exploit a chemi ...
... What six characteristics distinguish living organisms from inanimate objects? Ans: Living organisms (1) are chemically complex and highly organized; (2) extract, transform, and use energy from their environment; (3) have the capacity to precisely self-replicate and self-assemble; (4) exploit a chemi ...
Chap01, Chapter 1: The Molecular Logic of Life
... What six characteristics distinguish living organisms from inanimate objects? Ans: Living organisms (1) are chemically complex and highly organized; (2) extract, transform, and use energy from their environment; (3) have the capacity to precisely self-replicate and self-assemble; (4) exploit a chemi ...
... What six characteristics distinguish living organisms from inanimate objects? Ans: Living organisms (1) are chemically complex and highly organized; (2) extract, transform, and use energy from their environment; (3) have the capacity to precisely self-replicate and self-assemble; (4) exploit a chemi ...
Gluconeogenesis • The biosynthesis of glucose
... Now we know how to breakdown AND synthesize glucose Occasionally, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis must occur simulataneously Cori Cycle • In muscle: Occurs when our energy needs deplete our oxygen supply; we then switch from aerobic metabolism to anaerobic metabolism. -exercising • If you are intens ...
... Now we know how to breakdown AND synthesize glucose Occasionally, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis must occur simulataneously Cori Cycle • In muscle: Occurs when our energy needs deplete our oxygen supply; we then switch from aerobic metabolism to anaerobic metabolism. -exercising • If you are intens ...
Effect of growth condition on enzymes of the citric
... cycle under chemoheterotrophic, photoheterotrophic or photolithotrophic growth conditions although quantitative differences do exist which depend upon the conditions of growth as well as upon the substrates applied. (Table 1). In general, it can be stated that highest specific activities of the citr ...
... cycle under chemoheterotrophic, photoheterotrophic or photolithotrophic growth conditions although quantitative differences do exist which depend upon the conditions of growth as well as upon the substrates applied. (Table 1). In general, it can be stated that highest specific activities of the citr ...
Identification of novel sulfur-containing bacterial
... alkanoic acids were added to these media as carbon sources, from filter-sterilized 10 % (w\v) aqueous stock solutions at the concentrations indicated in the text. Fed-batch cultures were grown under aerobic conditions at 30 mC in 2 l Erlenmeyer flasks containing 500 ml of the appropriate medium and ...
... alkanoic acids were added to these media as carbon sources, from filter-sterilized 10 % (w\v) aqueous stock solutions at the concentrations indicated in the text. Fed-batch cultures were grown under aerobic conditions at 30 mC in 2 l Erlenmeyer flasks containing 500 ml of the appropriate medium and ...
15Nitrogen metabolism
... group of glutamine that transported to liver or kidneys. - Glutamine: non-toxic transport form of NH4+ and also source of amino group in many biosynthesis reactions. - The amide nitrogen of glutamine is released as ammonia only in liver and kidney’s mitochondria by the enzyme “Glutaminase” which con ...
... group of glutamine that transported to liver or kidneys. - Glutamine: non-toxic transport form of NH4+ and also source of amino group in many biosynthesis reactions. - The amide nitrogen of glutamine is released as ammonia only in liver and kidney’s mitochondria by the enzyme “Glutaminase” which con ...
Bio426Lecture19Mar8 - NAU jan.ucc.nau.edu web server
... This is the maximum overall thermodynamic efficiency of photosynthesis. Actual efficiency is much lower because: 1) quantum yield is < 1 CO2/8 photons 2) higher energy light (l < 680nm) is used ...
... This is the maximum overall thermodynamic efficiency of photosynthesis. Actual efficiency is much lower because: 1) quantum yield is < 1 CO2/8 photons 2) higher energy light (l < 680nm) is used ...
SELECTIVE INHIBITORS OF DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE
... laboratories for expansion of antibacterial and antimalarial testing. The antimalarial testing was included through the insight of Peter B. Russell, also a member of our research group. Russell noted the resemblance of a 5phenyl-2,4-diaminopyrimidine to a hypothetical conformation of the antimalaria ...
... laboratories for expansion of antibacterial and antimalarial testing. The antimalarial testing was included through the insight of Peter B. Russell, also a member of our research group. Russell noted the resemblance of a 5phenyl-2,4-diaminopyrimidine to a hypothetical conformation of the antimalaria ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)