Chapter 12 (part 1) - Nevada Agricultural Experiment
... • A variant of TCA for plants and bacteria • Acetate-based growth - net synthesis of carbohydrates and other intermediates from acetate - is not possible with TCA • Glyoxylate cycle offers a solution for plants and some bacteria and algae • The CO2-evolving steps are bypassed and an extra acetate is ...
... • A variant of TCA for plants and bacteria • Acetate-based growth - net synthesis of carbohydrates and other intermediates from acetate - is not possible with TCA • Glyoxylate cycle offers a solution for plants and some bacteria and algae • The CO2-evolving steps are bypassed and an extra acetate is ...
Exam 3 - Chemistry Courses: About
... B. ____________ Converting glucose to pyruvate through glycolysis involves ten reactions, seven of which are near-equilibrium reactions. C. ____________All of the irreversible reactions of glycolysis are catalyzed by kinases. D. ____________ In glycolysis, the chemical purpose of isomerizing glucose ...
... B. ____________ Converting glucose to pyruvate through glycolysis involves ten reactions, seven of which are near-equilibrium reactions. C. ____________All of the irreversible reactions of glycolysis are catalyzed by kinases. D. ____________ In glycolysis, the chemical purpose of isomerizing glucose ...
Ch 9 Slides - people.iup.edu
... electrons from reaction to reaction • Electrons from organic compounds are usually first transferred to NAD+, a coenzyme (other coenzymes can be used as well) • As an electron acceptor, NAD+ functions as an oxidizing agent during cellular respiration • Each NADH (the reduced form of NAD+) represents ...
... electrons from reaction to reaction • Electrons from organic compounds are usually first transferred to NAD+, a coenzyme (other coenzymes can be used as well) • As an electron acceptor, NAD+ functions as an oxidizing agent during cellular respiration • Each NADH (the reduced form of NAD+) represents ...
Fermentation 2015: The ABE process
... Figure 3 – Reassimilation & reduction of organic acids in solvent during solventogensis phase of ABE fermenation This drop in extracellular pH changes the cellular physiology significantly. Both acetate and n-butyrate are taken back into the cells, which are no longer dividing at exponential rates, ...
... Figure 3 – Reassimilation & reduction of organic acids in solvent during solventogensis phase of ABE fermenation This drop in extracellular pH changes the cellular physiology significantly. Both acetate and n-butyrate are taken back into the cells, which are no longer dividing at exponential rates, ...
Glycolysis - Fairfield Public Schools
... Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels The breakdown of organic molecules is ...
... Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels The breakdown of organic molecules is ...
carbohydrate metabolism
... • Vigorously contracting skeletal muscle - function anaerobically, the pyruvate cannot be oxidized further due to lack of oxygen • So, pyruvate is reduced to lactate • Certain tissues & cells (retina, brain, RBCs) convert glucose to lactate even under aerobic conditions (as these don’t have mitochon ...
... • Vigorously contracting skeletal muscle - function anaerobically, the pyruvate cannot be oxidized further due to lack of oxygen • So, pyruvate is reduced to lactate • Certain tissues & cells (retina, brain, RBCs) convert glucose to lactate even under aerobic conditions (as these don’t have mitochon ...
MCB207_2 - MB207Jan2010
... • Short term carriers of chemical energy, e.g. ATP • Coenzyme & specific signaling molecules in the cells e.g. cAMP ...
... • Short term carriers of chemical energy, e.g. ATP • Coenzyme & specific signaling molecules in the cells e.g. cAMP ...
CO 2 - cloudfront.net
... don’t keep burning energy unless we need to. • However, some mitochondria have a protein in the inner membrane that lets H+ ions move freely back across the membrane. These are called “Uncoupling proteins” because they decouple the production of ATP from the rest of the electron transport chain. Why ...
... don’t keep burning energy unless we need to. • However, some mitochondria have a protein in the inner membrane that lets H+ ions move freely back across the membrane. These are called “Uncoupling proteins” because they decouple the production of ATP from the rest of the electron transport chain. Why ...
Cellular respiration 1
... ___________ use energy from sunlight or chemicals to make their own food In the last chapter green plants PHOTOSYNTHESIS to used ________________ sunlight trap energy from __________ and make ______________ food (glucose) ...
... ___________ use energy from sunlight or chemicals to make their own food In the last chapter green plants PHOTOSYNTHESIS to used ________________ sunlight trap energy from __________ and make ______________ food (glucose) ...
Chapter 9 - Bulldogbiology.com
... Students may be confused by terms that have familiar, everyday meanings distinct from their biological definitions. The term respiration is particularly confusing, because it is an everyday term with two biological definitions, both in cellular respiration and in breathing. Although most students re ...
... Students may be confused by terms that have familiar, everyday meanings distinct from their biological definitions. The term respiration is particularly confusing, because it is an everyday term with two biological definitions, both in cellular respiration and in breathing. Although most students re ...
An ULTIMATE Study Guide for Semester 1
... Mitochondria: An organelle in the cytoplasm of cells that functions in energy (ATP) production ...
... Mitochondria: An organelle in the cytoplasm of cells that functions in energy (ATP) production ...
17 photosynth 2 10 10 05
... 1. The Calvin Cycle fixes carbon makes reduced carbon compounds 2. Reactions of the Calvin Cycle – anabolic pathway input of NADPH + H+, input of ATP 3. Regulation of the Calvin Cycle 4. The problem with oxygen – Photorespiration 5. Tricks some plants use to limit photorespiration - C4 anatomy, C4 m ...
... 1. The Calvin Cycle fixes carbon makes reduced carbon compounds 2. Reactions of the Calvin Cycle – anabolic pathway input of NADPH + H+, input of ATP 3. Regulation of the Calvin Cycle 4. The problem with oxygen – Photorespiration 5. Tricks some plants use to limit photorespiration - C4 anatomy, C4 m ...
Biochemistry 6/e
... Hypothetically speaking, how much energy does a eukaryotic cell extract from the glucose molecule? Taking a value of 50 kJ/mol for the hydrolysis of ATP under cellular conditions, the production of 32 ATP per glucose oxidized yields 1600 kJ/mol of glucose . The cellular oxidation (combustion) of glu ...
... Hypothetically speaking, how much energy does a eukaryotic cell extract from the glucose molecule? Taking a value of 50 kJ/mol for the hydrolysis of ATP under cellular conditions, the production of 32 ATP per glucose oxidized yields 1600 kJ/mol of glucose . The cellular oxidation (combustion) of glu ...
Microsoft PowerPoint
... 1. There are two basic types of cellular respiration a) ___________________ respiration: requires oxygen b) ___________________ respiration: no oxygen ...
... 1. There are two basic types of cellular respiration a) ___________________ respiration: requires oxygen b) ___________________ respiration: no oxygen ...
Ecology ppt
... Nitrogen cycleOnly in certain bacteria and industrial technologies can fix nitrogen. Nitrogen fixation-convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonium (NH4+) which can be used to make organic compounds like amino acids. ...
... Nitrogen cycleOnly in certain bacteria and industrial technologies can fix nitrogen. Nitrogen fixation-convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonium (NH4+) which can be used to make organic compounds like amino acids. ...
AIM: Populations and Ecosystems Ideas
... c. Organisms can survive only in ecosystems in which their needs are met, and each type of organism (species) has a specific range of ecological conditions (e.g., temperature, moisture, amount of oxygen, nutrient availability, salinity) under which it can survive. d. Sometimes, ecosystems change and ...
... c. Organisms can survive only in ecosystems in which their needs are met, and each type of organism (species) has a specific range of ecological conditions (e.g., temperature, moisture, amount of oxygen, nutrient availability, salinity) under which it can survive. d. Sometimes, ecosystems change and ...
BACTERIAL CATALASE AND CYTOCHROME OXIDASE TESTS
... reduce the first molecule in the chain as they are concurrently re-oxidized. As electrons are passed down the chain of the electron transport system, each molecule in the chain alternate between reduced and oxidized forms. Cytochrome oxidase is found at the bottom of this chain, cytochrome oxidase c ...
... reduce the first molecule in the chain as they are concurrently re-oxidized. As electrons are passed down the chain of the electron transport system, each molecule in the chain alternate between reduced and oxidized forms. Cytochrome oxidase is found at the bottom of this chain, cytochrome oxidase c ...
Most bacteria are consumers and do this to dead organisms
... consumers and do this to dead organisms. ...
... consumers and do this to dead organisms. ...
Prokaryotic Metabolism
... and nitrogen gas by myriad processes, many of which are carried out only by prokaryotes. As illustrated in Figure 2, prokaryotes are key to the nitrogen cycle. The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen from the air, but this nitrogen is not usable by pla ...
... and nitrogen gas by myriad processes, many of which are carried out only by prokaryotes. As illustrated in Figure 2, prokaryotes are key to the nitrogen cycle. The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen from the air, but this nitrogen is not usable by pla ...
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... • Living things cause change • Living things respond to change • Living things change their environments • Living and non-living components of our Earth interact • Processes like global warming/climate change follow large-scale patterns, but it is the composition of life on earth that can a ...
... • Living things cause change • Living things respond to change • Living things change their environments • Living and non-living components of our Earth interact • Processes like global warming/climate change follow large-scale patterns, but it is the composition of life on earth that can a ...
File
... Biomolecule – large molecule found in living organisms that consists of repeating subunit. typically consists of a carbon backbone Monomer – single repeating subunit Polymer – many monomers bonded together Saturated fat – a lipid that is completely saturated in hydrogen atoms – no double bonds betwe ...
... Biomolecule – large molecule found in living organisms that consists of repeating subunit. typically consists of a carbon backbone Monomer – single repeating subunit Polymer – many monomers bonded together Saturated fat – a lipid that is completely saturated in hydrogen atoms – no double bonds betwe ...
Assessment Statement
... 7c. Describe why carbohydrates and lipids are used as energy stores (c) carbohydrates and lipids contain a lot of chemical energy; carbohydrates are readily used in cell respiration / sugars are quick access energy ...
... 7c. Describe why carbohydrates and lipids are used as energy stores (c) carbohydrates and lipids contain a lot of chemical energy; carbohydrates are readily used in cell respiration / sugars are quick access energy ...
Ecology - Effingham County Schools
... eating other living or once-living resources such as plants and animals ...
... eating other living or once-living resources such as plants and animals ...
Intermediary Metabolism - PBL-J-2015
... is approximately zero (ie little change in energy). This means that if the reactants and products have relatively the same free energy then their respective concentration will stay the same unless acted on by external sources (ie change in temp - which doesn’t often normally happen in the body). Alt ...
... is approximately zero (ie little change in energy). This means that if the reactants and products have relatively the same free energy then their respective concentration will stay the same unless acted on by external sources (ie change in temp - which doesn’t often normally happen in the body). Alt ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)