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Chapter 9 – Energy in a Cell
All living organisms must be able to obtain energy from their environment
1. Most cell functions require __________.
2. Examples:
a) Making ______________ or synthesizing other macromolecules
b) Essential for maintaining ________________ by moving molecules through the
membrane by ___________________________
c) Rid the cell of toxins by ___________________
d) Find and engulf food by ___________________
e) Movement to avoid danger
ATP
1.
2.
3.
4.
Adenosine Triphosphate or ATP is an energy storing molecule that provides direct energy to your cells
____________________________
ATP is composed of an adenosine molecule with _____ phosphate groups attached
ATP releases energy quickly whenever a cell needs it.
ATP
1. The phosphate groups are positively charged and repel each other
2. It takes energy to hold them together
3. When the bond ________________, energy is _______________
a) Like a spring being released
ADP
1. When one phosphate group breaks away, ATP becomes Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP).
2. ADP has only two phosphate groups and holds less energy than ATP
AMP
1. Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP) has only one phosphate and holds the least energy
ATP ADP ATP
1. ATP and ADP are made and broken down in a _________________.
9.2 - Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
1. Photosynthesis is the process that uses the sun’s energy to make ________________ (simple sugar)
Why is Photosynthesis important?
1. Makes ___________ molecules (glucose) out of _____________ materials (carbon dioxide and water).
2. It begins all ______________________. Thus all life is supported by this process.
3. It also makes _______________ gas!!
Chloroplast
1. ___________________ is the cell organelle where photosynthesis occurs
2. Chloroplast contains a pigment called _____________________
a) Pigment: a molecule that absorbs light
3. Chlorophyll absorbs all wavelengths of light except ____________. Green is reflected back; plants look
green because green is ___________________ back
Photosynthesis
1. What happens in the fall when deciduous trees lose their leaves?
2. Chlorophyll stops being made.
3. Other pigments show up before the leaf is dropped.
Photosynthesis Equation
______________________________________________________
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Chapter 9 – Energy in a Cell
Glucose
1. Glucose stores __________________.
2. Glucose can be broken down to make ___________.
3. Glucose is also used by the plant to make __________________________.
9.3 – Cellular Respiration - Getting Energy to Make ATP
Cellular Respiration
1. The process by which organisms break down food molecules (_________) to produce ___________
Two Types of Respiration
1. There are two basic types of cellular respiration
a) ___________________ respiration: requires oxygen
b) ___________________ respiration: no oxygen
Formula for aerobic respiration
Photosynthesis - ____________________________________________________
Aerobic Respiration - ________________________________________________
Mitochondria
1. The ______________________ is the organelle where aerobic respiration takes place
Aerobic Respiration
1. There are 3 stages of aerobic respiration
a) ______________________________
b) ______________________________
c) ______________________________
3 Stages of Aerobic Respiration
Stage 1 - _______________ (Lysis = split)
Glucose splits into 2 molecules.
Occurs in the _________________ (__________________)
ATP: 2 gets used, 4 are created
___________________________________________
3 Stages of Aerobic Respiration
Stage 2 – _________________________________
Occurs in the ______________________________
Chemical reactions that produce ______________
_________________________________
3 Stages of Aerobic Respiration
Stage 3 – ________________________________
Occurs in the _____________________________
Uses molecules from Citric Acid Cycle to make ATP.
_____________is released.
_________________________
Aerobic Respiration
Total ATP made from one Glucose molecule: _____________________
But, 2 ATP are used in Glycolysis, SO, ____________________________________.
Total ATP Production
1. Overall, ________________ respiration produces a total of _____________ molecules of ATP
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Chapter 9 – Energy in a Cell
If Oxygen is not present…
1. _______________________________ occurs in the cell.
an - without ; aerobic – oxygen
2. Sometimes cells are without O2.
3. _______________________ still happens, then fermentation.
Anaerobic Respiration
1. Respiration _________________ oxygen is called anaerobic respiration
2. Anaerobic respiration is also called _______________________
3. There are two types of fermentation
a) _________________________ fermentation
b) _________________________ fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation
1. Lactic acid fermentation occurs in ______________ during exercise when cells run out of oxygen
2. Occurs in the _________________
3. Lactic acid fermentation only creates _________________
a) _______________________________________________
4. ___________________ is released as a byproduct which builds up causing a burning sensation in
your muscles during strenuous exercise and causes sore muscles after exercising
Alcoholic Fermentation
1. Alcoholic fermentation occurs in _________________________ in the absence of oxygen
2. Alcoholic fermentation creates ___________________
a) ________________________________________________
3. Alcoholic fermentation releases ____________ and __________________ as byproducts
4. Yeast is used to make beer and bread
Cellular Energy Comparison
Photosynthesis
1. _________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________________________
6. _________________________________________________________
7. _________________________________________________________
8. _________________________________________________________
9. _________________________________________________________
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
1. _________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________________________
6. _________________________________________________________
7. _________________________________________________________
8. _________________________________________________________
9. _________________________________________________________
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