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BIOLOGY NOTES – 1C BIOMOLECULES Biomolecules Large complex molecules in ___________________ Formed from repeating ___________________ Most biomolecules are formed from a ___________________ backbone Six most common elements in living organisms is CHONPS o Carbon has ___________________ valence electrons It can bond with up to ___________________ other atoms Example ___________________ (Methane) Draw a molecule of methane: ___________________ – single repeating subunit ___________________ – many monomers bonded together Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Small repeating subunit = ___________________ Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen ___________________ : ___________________ : ___________________ 1:2:1 Monosaccharide Example: ___________________ Disaccharide Examples: ___________________ ___________________ Storage Polysaccharide Examples: ___________________ ___________________ Structural Polysaccharide Examples: ___________________ ___________________ Function of Carbohydrates ___________________ BIOLOGY NOTES – 1C BIOMOLECULES ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ Lipids • A fat molecule that has similar properties • Examples: • ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ • Repeating subunit = ___________________ • Long chains of carbon bonded to ___________________ with ___________________ • ___________________ water • Saturated Fats (draw one) • Unsaturated fats (draw one) • Function of Lipids • ___________________ ___________________ • ___________________ ___________________ Proteins • Repeating subunits = amino acids • Only 20 different amino acids • Each amino acid has a different R group or variable group • Long chains of amino acids that twist and fold • Made of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur • Function of Proteins • • ___________________ ___________________ • ___________________ ___________________ • ___________________ ___________________ (___________________ ) Primary Structure • ____________________________________ BIOLOGY NOTES – 1C BIOMOLECULES • Secondary Structure • • Tertiary Structure • • ____________________________________ ____________________________________ Quaternary Structure • ____________________________________ Nucleic Acids • Repeating subunit – nucleotides • Nucleotide (made of THREE pieces) • SUGAR • BASE • PHOSPHATE BIOLOGY NOTES – 1C BIOMOLECULES Draw a nucleotide: • DNA – DeoxyriboNucleic Acid • • • • • Sugar = deoxyribose • String of nucleotides made of deoxyribose RNA – RiboNucleic Acid • Sugar = Ribose • String of nucleotides made of ribose Function of Nucleic Acids • ___________________ and ___________________ genetic information • ___________________ of DNA depends on the ___________________ ATP • ___________________ ___________________ • _____ phosphate groups • By breaking off the 3rd phosphate group ___________________ is ___________________ Draw an ATP: BIOLOGY NOTES – 1C BIOMOLECULES Vocabulary Biomolecule – large molecule found in living organisms that consists of repeating subunit. typically consists of a carbon backbone Monomer – single repeating subunit Polymer – many monomers bonded together Saturated fat – a lipid that is completely saturated in hydrogen atoms – no double bonds between carbons Unsaturated fat – a lipid that is NOT completely saturated in hydrogens – one or more double bonds are present in the long carbon backbones Tertiary – 3 Quaternary – 4 Deoxyribose – sugar found in DNA Ribose – sugar found in RNA