Photosynthesis (briefly) and Cellular Respiration (aerobic
... Electrons passed down ETC to O2 which accepts electrons & 4H+ to become 2 H2O (decreases H+ inside) ...
... Electrons passed down ETC to O2 which accepts electrons & 4H+ to become 2 H2O (decreases H+ inside) ...
Chapter 18 Sections 1 and 2
... tolerance to abiotic factors through the process of acclimation. – Through acclimation, the tolerance curve will change ...
... tolerance to abiotic factors through the process of acclimation. – Through acclimation, the tolerance curve will change ...
Concepts in Biochemistry 3/e
... Intricate Details of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex These reactions take place in the mitochondrial matrix Product of glycolysis Transported into matrix ...
... Intricate Details of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex These reactions take place in the mitochondrial matrix Product of glycolysis Transported into matrix ...
L23 HH Glycolysis Citric Acid Cycle e
... • The breakdown of glucose to pyruvate during glycolysis. The phosphorylation of intermediates in glycolysis in an energy investment phase and the direct generation of ATP in an energy pay off stage. The first phosphorylation leads to a product that can continue to a number of pathways and the secon ...
... • The breakdown of glucose to pyruvate during glycolysis. The phosphorylation of intermediates in glycolysis in an energy investment phase and the direct generation of ATP in an energy pay off stage. The first phosphorylation leads to a product that can continue to a number of pathways and the secon ...
Respiration
... How Much ATP Can Be Generated? • 4 ATP gross (2 ATP net) in glycolysis • 2 GTP in the Krebs cycle • Theoretical maximum P/O ratios (#ATP per molecule of O2 consumed) of 3 ATP per NADH and 2 ATP per FADH2 – 10 NADH 3 = 30 ATP – 2 FADH2 2 = 4 ATP ...
... How Much ATP Can Be Generated? • 4 ATP gross (2 ATP net) in glycolysis • 2 GTP in the Krebs cycle • Theoretical maximum P/O ratios (#ATP per molecule of O2 consumed) of 3 ATP per NADH and 2 ATP per FADH2 – 10 NADH 3 = 30 ATP – 2 FADH2 2 = 4 ATP ...
Bacteria
... Some make food by capturing and using the sun’s energy as plants do. Some use energy from chemical substances in their environment to make food. ...
... Some make food by capturing and using the sun’s energy as plants do. Some use energy from chemical substances in their environment to make food. ...
Ecology Review
... 4. Omnivores – Eat plants and animals (Ex – Humans). 5. Detrivores – (Decomposers) Feed off of and break down dead organisms. These are usually bacteria and fungi. ...
... 4. Omnivores – Eat plants and animals (Ex – Humans). 5. Detrivores – (Decomposers) Feed off of and break down dead organisms. These are usually bacteria and fungi. ...
AP Biology Cellular Respiration Notes 9.1
... 9.5 Describe the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration. NAD+ is a coenzyme (nicotinimide adenine dinucleotide) NAD+ is an oxidizing agent (i.e. it picks up electrons from molecules that are ...
... 9.5 Describe the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration. NAD+ is a coenzyme (nicotinimide adenine dinucleotide) NAD+ is an oxidizing agent (i.e. it picks up electrons from molecules that are ...
Ecology Earth Cycles Pyramids (1)
... 4. Omnivores – Eat plants and animals (Ex – Humans). 5. Detrivores – (Decomposers) Feed off of and break down dead organisms. These are usually bacteria and fungi. ...
... 4. Omnivores – Eat plants and animals (Ex – Humans). 5. Detrivores – (Decomposers) Feed off of and break down dead organisms. These are usually bacteria and fungi. ...
Organization: The 6 Essential Elements
... body stores lipids, they can be used as very longterm (weeks, months) energy sources. Ex. Bears accumulate a layer of fat before winter (when food will be less available) b. Fats stored in the body act as insulation and ...
... body stores lipids, they can be used as very longterm (weeks, months) energy sources. Ex. Bears accumulate a layer of fat before winter (when food will be less available) b. Fats stored in the body act as insulation and ...
Lactic acid fermentation
... This cycle details what happens to the pyruvate end product of glycolysis. Although the Krebs cycle is described for 1 pyruvate, remember that glycolysis produces 2 pyruvate. Multiply any products of this cycle below by 2 to account for the products of a single glucose molecule. The Krebs cycle con ...
... This cycle details what happens to the pyruvate end product of glycolysis. Although the Krebs cycle is described for 1 pyruvate, remember that glycolysis produces 2 pyruvate. Multiply any products of this cycle below by 2 to account for the products of a single glucose molecule. The Krebs cycle con ...
05 Cell Respiration Fermentation Anaerobic and
... • In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced to NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce ...
... • In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced to NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce ...
Cellular Respiration
... 9. Where does the Kreb’s cycle occur? 10. What is produced from the Kreb’s cycle? 11. Where does electron transport occur? 12. What is formed from electron transport? 13. When does fermentation occur? 14. What is produced from fermentation in muscles? 15. What is produced from fermentation in ...
... 9. Where does the Kreb’s cycle occur? 10. What is produced from the Kreb’s cycle? 11. Where does electron transport occur? 12. What is formed from electron transport? 13. When does fermentation occur? 14. What is produced from fermentation in muscles? 15. What is produced from fermentation in ...
Chapter 3: Biochemistry
... Most lipids contain fatty acids, unbranched carbon molecules that have a hydrophilic end (head) and a hydrophobic end (tail) ...
... Most lipids contain fatty acids, unbranched carbon molecules that have a hydrophilic end (head) and a hydrophobic end (tail) ...
Electron-Transport Chain and ATP production
... Electron-Transport Chain and ATP production Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane where NADH and FADH2 are oxidized back to NAD+ and FAD. They transfer their e- in a series of steps and ultimately to O2: O2 + 4e- + 4H+ → 2H2O The energy released in these e- transfers is used to pump H+ (protons ...
... Electron-Transport Chain and ATP production Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane where NADH and FADH2 are oxidized back to NAD+ and FAD. They transfer their e- in a series of steps and ultimately to O2: O2 + 4e- + 4H+ → 2H2O The energy released in these e- transfers is used to pump H+ (protons ...
docx BIOLOGY - Studybay.com
... Early childhood refers to the period between the prenatal development of a child and his eighth birthday. This is a critical time since a child’s experience at this time serves as the main foundation platform for the rest of his life. During early childhood development, a child’s physical, health, l ...
... Early childhood refers to the period between the prenatal development of a child and his eighth birthday. This is a critical time since a child’s experience at this time serves as the main foundation platform for the rest of his life. During early childhood development, a child’s physical, health, l ...
Chapter 5 : MAJOR METABOLIC PATHWAYS
... oxidation of NADH and FADH2 by the four protein complexes of the electron transport chain (ETC). The ten NADH that enter the electron transport originate from each of the earlier processes of respiration: two from glycolysis, two from the transformation of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, and six from the ...
... oxidation of NADH and FADH2 by the four protein complexes of the electron transport chain (ETC). The ten NADH that enter the electron transport originate from each of the earlier processes of respiration: two from glycolysis, two from the transformation of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, and six from the ...
28 - McGraw Hill Higher Education - McGraw
... 1. A mutually beneficial relationship that is not obligatory, distinguishing it from mutualism 2. Linkage of the carbon cycle and the sulfur cycle by the relationship of sulfide-oxidizing autotrophic bacteria and heterotrophic organisms (e.g., other bacteria, crustaceans, nematodes, sponges, gastrop ...
... 1. A mutually beneficial relationship that is not obligatory, distinguishing it from mutualism 2. Linkage of the carbon cycle and the sulfur cycle by the relationship of sulfide-oxidizing autotrophic bacteria and heterotrophic organisms (e.g., other bacteria, crustaceans, nematodes, sponges, gastrop ...
2.3 Biomolecules Hon
... Organic: contains carbon and hydrogen ◦ All living things contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and Sulfur (S) Monomer: created when C,H,O, N, P bond together to form small molecules Polymer: large compounds that are formed by joining monomers together ...
... Organic: contains carbon and hydrogen ◦ All living things contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and Sulfur (S) Monomer: created when C,H,O, N, P bond together to form small molecules Polymer: large compounds that are formed by joining monomers together ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)