Some examples
... (ex. lichens on bare rock) • Pioneer organisms modify their environment, thus establishing conditions under which more advanced organisms can live. • (ex. seasonal dieback and erosion, for example, would create pockets of "soil" in the crevices and hollows of the bare rock inhabited by the lichen) ...
... (ex. lichens on bare rock) • Pioneer organisms modify their environment, thus establishing conditions under which more advanced organisms can live. • (ex. seasonal dieback and erosion, for example, would create pockets of "soil" in the crevices and hollows of the bare rock inhabited by the lichen) ...
Chapter 16
... 16. How does a climax community differ from a successional community? Successional communities are replaced by others. Some organisms disappear as new organisms become established. Climax communities tend to last for long time periods with little change in the kinds of organisms present. 17. Describ ...
... 16. How does a climax community differ from a successional community? Successional communities are replaced by others. Some organisms disappear as new organisms become established. Climax communities tend to last for long time periods with little change in the kinds of organisms present. 17. Describ ...
Photosynthesis and Respiration Notes
... ► Lots of ____________ is released by this process. Glucose + ________________ = ___________________ + Water + Energy 2. Anaerobic Respiration: the release of energy from ___________ in the absence of __________. ► Produces a litle bit of _______________________. There are 2 types of Anaerobic Respi ...
... ► Lots of ____________ is released by this process. Glucose + ________________ = ___________________ + Water + Energy 2. Anaerobic Respiration: the release of energy from ___________ in the absence of __________. ► Produces a litle bit of _______________________. There are 2 types of Anaerobic Respi ...
Biosynthesis of Essential Amino Acids
... One set of enzymes having dual substrate specificity accommodates the synthesis of both valine and isoleucine. Assuming that there was a primordial set of enzymes with dual substrate specificity that synthesized both glutamate and leucine, give at least two good reasons for the evolution of two sepa ...
... One set of enzymes having dual substrate specificity accommodates the synthesis of both valine and isoleucine. Assuming that there was a primordial set of enzymes with dual substrate specificity that synthesized both glutamate and leucine, give at least two good reasons for the evolution of two sepa ...
A) Choose the correct answer: B)Complete: 1) L
... 2) ATP production by ATP synthase is due to: (a) Rotation of F1 subunit. (b) flow of protons through γ subunit (c) flow of hydrogen ions through the multiple C- protein subunits. (d) Proton translocation to intermembrane space 3) The following are considered as standard conditions for a given reacti ...
... 2) ATP production by ATP synthase is due to: (a) Rotation of F1 subunit. (b) flow of protons through γ subunit (c) flow of hydrogen ions through the multiple C- protein subunits. (d) Proton translocation to intermembrane space 3) The following are considered as standard conditions for a given reacti ...
Notes without questions
... Nucleic acids in head/capsule Lack metabolism for energy acquisition, storage and utilization Lack membranes Parasitic (means what?) Visible only with electron microscopy Role in disease … huge part of human history and misery ...
... Nucleic acids in head/capsule Lack metabolism for energy acquisition, storage and utilization Lack membranes Parasitic (means what?) Visible only with electron microscopy Role in disease … huge part of human history and misery ...
b. nadph - Darlak4Science
... The Calvin cycle is another name for __________________________ A. photosynthesis B. the electron transport chain C. light-dependent reactions D. light-independent reactions Why does the space inside the thylakoid become positively charged during the light-dependent reactions? A. ATP synthase pushes ...
... The Calvin cycle is another name for __________________________ A. photosynthesis B. the electron transport chain C. light-dependent reactions D. light-independent reactions Why does the space inside the thylakoid become positively charged during the light-dependent reactions? A. ATP synthase pushes ...
respiratory chain
... 2. Because electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation are tightly coupled, inhibition of the respiratory chain also inhibits ATP synthase. ...
... 2. Because electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation are tightly coupled, inhibition of the respiratory chain also inhibits ATP synthase. ...
RESPIRATION
... action of enzyme starch phosphorylase. • Glucose-1 phosphate is further converted into glucose-6 phosphate by enzyme phosphoglucomutase. ...
... action of enzyme starch phosphorylase. • Glucose-1 phosphate is further converted into glucose-6 phosphate by enzyme phosphoglucomutase. ...
BCOR 11 Exploring Biology
... E) the thermodynamically favorable transfer of phosphate from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle intermediate molecules of ADP. 24) Muscle cells in oxygen deprivation convert pyruvate to ________, and in this step gain ________. A) lactate; ATP B) alcohol; CO2 C) alcohol; ATP D) ATP; NADH2 E) lact ...
... E) the thermodynamically favorable transfer of phosphate from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle intermediate molecules of ADP. 24) Muscle cells in oxygen deprivation convert pyruvate to ________, and in this step gain ________. A) lactate; ATP B) alcohol; CO2 C) alcohol; ATP D) ATP; NADH2 E) lact ...
The Necessities of Life
... other necessities. Many animals, including the warbler in Figure 2, will claim a particular space. After claiming a space, they try to keep other animals away. ...
... other necessities. Many animals, including the warbler in Figure 2, will claim a particular space. After claiming a space, they try to keep other animals away. ...
Chapter 03 - Hinsdale South High School
... Chemical behavior is determined by electron number and arrangement : • Electrons arranged in energy levels • Highest energy level electron shells are farthest from nucleus • Octet Rule: atoms bond in ways to achieve 8 electrons in the highest energy level ...
... Chemical behavior is determined by electron number and arrangement : • Electrons arranged in energy levels • Highest energy level electron shells are farthest from nucleus • Octet Rule: atoms bond in ways to achieve 8 electrons in the highest energy level ...
Topic 4: Ecology
... 1. Species are groups of organisms that can potentially interbreed to produce fertile offspring. 488 2. Members of a species may be reproductively isolated in separate populations. 488; 1149 3. Species have either an autotrophic or heterotrophic method of nutrition (a few species have both methods). ...
... 1. Species are groups of organisms that can potentially interbreed to produce fertile offspring. 488 2. Members of a species may be reproductively isolated in separate populations. 488; 1149 3. Species have either an autotrophic or heterotrophic method of nutrition (a few species have both methods). ...
Unit 21.1
... • Remember: Because of natural selection every organism has a variety of adaptations that are suited to it’s specific living conditions. • The role of an organism in it’s habitat is called its niche. (what it eats, how it gets the food, what eats it, how and when it reproduces, physical conditions i ...
... • Remember: Because of natural selection every organism has a variety of adaptations that are suited to it’s specific living conditions. • The role of an organism in it’s habitat is called its niche. (what it eats, how it gets the food, what eats it, how and when it reproduces, physical conditions i ...
Unit 21.1
... • Remember: Because of natural selection every organism has a variety of adaptations that are suited to it’s specific living conditions. • The role of an organism in it’s habitat is called its niche. (what it eats, how it gets the food, what eats it, how and when it reproduces, physical conditions i ...
... • Remember: Because of natural selection every organism has a variety of adaptations that are suited to it’s specific living conditions. • The role of an organism in it’s habitat is called its niche. (what it eats, how it gets the food, what eats it, how and when it reproduces, physical conditions i ...
electron transport
... NADH or FADH2, are passed through a chain of proteins and coenzymes, finally reaching O2, the terminal electron acceptor – and to drive the generation of a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane • Oxidative Phosphorylation: – The proton gradient runs downhill to drive the synthesis ...
... NADH or FADH2, are passed through a chain of proteins and coenzymes, finally reaching O2, the terminal electron acceptor – and to drive the generation of a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane • Oxidative Phosphorylation: – The proton gradient runs downhill to drive the synthesis ...
CHEMICAL REACTIONS, ENZYMES, ATP, CELLULAR
... 17. On average, how many ATP can be made from each NADH during the ETC? 18. On average, how many ATP can be made from each FADH2 during the ETC? 19. What happens after glycolysis if there is no ...
... 17. On average, how many ATP can be made from each NADH during the ETC? 18. On average, how many ATP can be made from each FADH2 during the ETC? 19. What happens after glycolysis if there is no ...
Cell Energy Learning Goals
... 2) Explain how the chemosynthetic theory provides evidence for the origin of life. 3) Given a reading about an ecological problem, explain how the processes of photosynthesis or cell respiration are related to the problem. 4) Discuss the possible evolutionary advantages of an organism with the abili ...
... 2) Explain how the chemosynthetic theory provides evidence for the origin of life. 3) Given a reading about an ecological problem, explain how the processes of photosynthesis or cell respiration are related to the problem. 4) Discuss the possible evolutionary advantages of an organism with the abili ...
Chapter 5 Notes
... • Burning Fossil Fuels leads to what problems? •Burn anything that was/is living and what product do you get? ...
... • Burning Fossil Fuels leads to what problems? •Burn anything that was/is living and what product do you get? ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)