Chapter 28
... – involves biological and chemical processes – often involves oxidation-reduction reactions that change chemical and physical characteristics of nutrients ...
... – involves biological and chemical processes – often involves oxidation-reduction reactions that change chemical and physical characteristics of nutrients ...
Chapter 9
... 5. Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation: Move electrons through redox reactions, create a H+ (proton) gradient, and use the power of proton gradient to make ATP Gain - 10 NADH to 30 ATP and 2FADH2 to 4 ATP Aerobic Cellular respiration generates 38 ATP molecules for each sugar molec ...
... 5. Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation: Move electrons through redox reactions, create a H+ (proton) gradient, and use the power of proton gradient to make ATP Gain - 10 NADH to 30 ATP and 2FADH2 to 4 ATP Aerobic Cellular respiration generates 38 ATP molecules for each sugar molec ...
Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY - Valdosta State University
... • Metabolism - the entire network of chemical reactions carried out by living cells • Metabolites - small molecule intermediates in the degradation and synthesis of polymers • Catabolic reactions - degrade molecules to create smaller molecules and energy • Anabolic reactions - synthesize molecules f ...
... • Metabolism - the entire network of chemical reactions carried out by living cells • Metabolites - small molecule intermediates in the degradation and synthesis of polymers • Catabolic reactions - degrade molecules to create smaller molecules and energy • Anabolic reactions - synthesize molecules f ...
Chapter 3 Powerpoint ch03
... • (also called autrotrophs = "self–feeders") make their own food from compounds obtained in the environment. • How do they produce their own food? • most capture sunlight to make sugars & other organic compounds in a process called photosynthesis, e.g., green plants. • a few, mostly bacteria, conver ...
... • (also called autrotrophs = "self–feeders") make their own food from compounds obtained in the environment. • How do they produce their own food? • most capture sunlight to make sugars & other organic compounds in a process called photosynthesis, e.g., green plants. • a few, mostly bacteria, conver ...
Ch16
... compared to a short chain fatty acid (we will see this β-oxidation pathway in Chapter 17). Answer: Consider which one is the most reduced, it has more electrons to give though oxidation reactions (energy producing). It should be obvious that it is hexanoic acid. Later we will see that the amount of ...
... compared to a short chain fatty acid (we will see this β-oxidation pathway in Chapter 17). Answer: Consider which one is the most reduced, it has more electrons to give though oxidation reactions (energy producing). It should be obvious that it is hexanoic acid. Later we will see that the amount of ...
Document
... • Cytochrome oxidase catalyzes the reduction of a final electron acceptor, oxygen • An artifcial e- donor, phenylenediamine, is used to reduce the cytochrome oxidase • If the enzyme is present, the colorless reagent (reduced state) will turn blue (oxidized state) ...
... • Cytochrome oxidase catalyzes the reduction of a final electron acceptor, oxygen • An artifcial e- donor, phenylenediamine, is used to reduce the cytochrome oxidase • If the enzyme is present, the colorless reagent (reduced state) will turn blue (oxidized state) ...
BREATH OF LIFE
... To recharge the ATP battery cells need to break down sugar. All living cells (plants, bacteria, fungi, animals) can break down sugar without oxygen in a process called Gylcolysis. Glucose molecules are split into 2 smaller 3 carbon molecules called pyruvate and a little ATP is produced. Our cells re ...
... To recharge the ATP battery cells need to break down sugar. All living cells (plants, bacteria, fungi, animals) can break down sugar without oxygen in a process called Gylcolysis. Glucose molecules are split into 2 smaller 3 carbon molecules called pyruvate and a little ATP is produced. Our cells re ...
Bez nadpisu
... membrane. Heart mitochondria, which have very profuse cristae and thus a much larger area of inner membrane, contain over three times as many sets of electron transfer systems as liver mitochondria. The mitochondrial pool of coenzymes and intermediates is functionally separated from the cytosolic po ...
... membrane. Heart mitochondria, which have very profuse cristae and thus a much larger area of inner membrane, contain over three times as many sets of electron transfer systems as liver mitochondria. The mitochondrial pool of coenzymes and intermediates is functionally separated from the cytosolic po ...
Lab Practical 3 Review
... test the aerotolerance of bacteria. It contains the dye resazurin, which is an indicator for the presence of oxygen. In the presence of oxygen the dye becomes pink. Since the oxygen tension is ...
... test the aerotolerance of bacteria. It contains the dye resazurin, which is an indicator for the presence of oxygen. In the presence of oxygen the dye becomes pink. Since the oxygen tension is ...
Ch 13 lecture notes
... Clean water to drink, filtered underground Fertile soil in which to grow crops Pollinators and agriculture, production of food! Mangroves: protection from storms, nurseries Producers provide energy for other organisms in an ecosystem. Producers get their energy from non-living resources Producers ar ...
... Clean water to drink, filtered underground Fertile soil in which to grow crops Pollinators and agriculture, production of food! Mangroves: protection from storms, nurseries Producers provide energy for other organisms in an ecosystem. Producers get their energy from non-living resources Producers ar ...
Practice PPT with Biogeochemical Cycles - Parkway C-2
... Nitrogen in the air becomes a part of biological matter mostly through the actions of bacteria and algae in a process known as nitrogen fixation. Legume plants such as clover, alfalfa, and soybeans form nodules on the roots where nitrogen fixing bacteria take nitrogen from the air and convert it int ...
... Nitrogen in the air becomes a part of biological matter mostly through the actions of bacteria and algae in a process known as nitrogen fixation. Legume plants such as clover, alfalfa, and soybeans form nodules on the roots where nitrogen fixing bacteria take nitrogen from the air and convert it int ...
Energy Flow Notes
... characteristic of Tennessee composed of at least 4 trophic levels. ► 3260.2.4 – I can describe how species diversity relates to ecosystem stability. ...
... characteristic of Tennessee composed of at least 4 trophic levels. ► 3260.2.4 – I can describe how species diversity relates to ecosystem stability. ...
A and P Practice Exam 03 (pdf 297.25kb)
... 44. During ______, sisters chromatids of each chromosome are separated from each other, and those former partners, now chromosomes move to opposite poles. a. prophase b. metaphase c. anaphase d. telophase 45. Each DNA strand has a backbone that consists of alternating ________. a. purines and pyrimi ...
... 44. During ______, sisters chromatids of each chromosome are separated from each other, and those former partners, now chromosomes move to opposite poles. a. prophase b. metaphase c. anaphase d. telophase 45. Each DNA strand has a backbone that consists of alternating ________. a. purines and pyrimi ...
The Chemistry of Carbon
... Why study Carbon? All life (on our planet) is carbon-based Cells ◦ ~72% H2O ◦ ~25% carbon compounds ◦ Carbohydrates ◦ Lipids ◦ Proteins ◦ Nucleic acids ...
... Why study Carbon? All life (on our planet) is carbon-based Cells ◦ ~72% H2O ◦ ~25% carbon compounds ◦ Carbohydrates ◦ Lipids ◦ Proteins ◦ Nucleic acids ...
I. Fire Ants Protect Their Own
... 1. Evolution helps scientists decide which technologies can help save the environment. 2. Humans need a renewable resource to produce energy. a) Example: corn or waste products for ethanol production 3. Evolution helps save endangered species as well. 1.10 Evolution from a common ancestor accounts f ...
... 1. Evolution helps scientists decide which technologies can help save the environment. 2. Humans need a renewable resource to produce energy. a) Example: corn or waste products for ethanol production 3. Evolution helps save endangered species as well. 1.10 Evolution from a common ancestor accounts f ...
I.B. Biology Core
... energy passed on to primary consumers is 60 kJ m–2 y–1. Only 10% of this energy is passed on to the secondary consumers. (a) ...
... energy passed on to primary consumers is 60 kJ m–2 y–1. Only 10% of this energy is passed on to the secondary consumers. (a) ...
Chapter 3 Ecology 2009
... phosphorus-poor soil, even if water, nitrogen are in a optimum levels, corn will stop growing, after it uses up available phosphorus. ...
... phosphorus-poor soil, even if water, nitrogen are in a optimum levels, corn will stop growing, after it uses up available phosphorus. ...
Chapter 3 Ecology 2009
... phosphorus-poor soil, even if water, nitrogen are in a optimum levels, corn will stop growing, after it uses up available phosphorus. ...
... phosphorus-poor soil, even if water, nitrogen are in a optimum levels, corn will stop growing, after it uses up available phosphorus. ...
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN (student)
... So what’s the deal with ATP?? • C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP • We need to produce 36 ATP in Cell. Resp. • After 3 stages, we have only produced 6 ATP through substrate-level oxidation • Thus, there are 30 ATP left to create – We produce the remaining 30 ATP through oxidative phosphorylation ...
... So what’s the deal with ATP?? • C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP • We need to produce 36 ATP in Cell. Resp. • After 3 stages, we have only produced 6 ATP through substrate-level oxidation • Thus, there are 30 ATP left to create – We produce the remaining 30 ATP through oxidative phosphorylation ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)