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NG Biology Standard 3A
 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
 Anaerobic Respiration
Ms. Darlak, C2
Scappoose High School 2013
Name: ____________________
Period: ___________
Textbook:
Biology: The Dynamics of Life. 2002.
Chapter 9.1 (pp. 226-230)
Chapter 9.2 (pp. 231-236)
Chapter 9.3 (pp. 237-245)
1
Next Generation Biology 3A Rubric
Unit 1 ECOLOGY
Standard 3A Cellular Nutrient Cycling
Essential Questions:
How do we get energy from our food?
How do we capture the suns energy?
How can organisms that live in environments without oxygen get energy?
HS-LS1-7
HS-LS1-5
HS-LS2-3

Use a model to illustrate that cellular respiration is a chemical process whereby the bonds of food molecules and oxygen molecules are
broken and the bonds in new compounds are formed resulting in a net transfer of energy.
 Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy.
 Construct and revise an explanation based on evidence for the cycling of matter and flow of energy in aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
Learning Targets
Beginning Proficient-1
Developing Proficient-2
Proficient-3
Highly Proficient-4
Score
I can model and explain the
process of cellular respiration
in terms of a chemical
reaction, where it occurs and
why it is important to all
living things.
I can model and explain the
process of photosynthesis in
terms of a chemical reaction,
where it occurs and why it is
important to all living things.
I can model all the reactants
and products of cellular
respiration in a balanced
chemical reaction and explain
its overall purpose in terms of
energy.
I can model all the reactants
and products of
photosynthesis in a balanced
chemical reaction and explain
its overall purpose in terms of
energy.
I can explain the process of
fermentation or anaerobic
respiration as a way for
organisms to live in
environments with out
oxygen.
I can explain how organisms
can contribute to the cycling
of matter and flow of energy
in aerobic and anaerobic
environments.
Aerobic
Anaerobic
ADP
ATP
Calvin Cycle
Carbon Dioxide
Cellular Respiration
Chloroplast
Citric Acid
Chlorophyll
Cristae
Decomposition Reaction
Vocabulary
FAD
Fermentation
Glucose
Granum
Glycolisis
Kreb’s Cycle
2
Lactic acid
Matrix
Mitochondria
NAD+
NADP+
Oxygen
Photosynthesis
Pyruvic Acid
Stroma
Synthesis Reaction
Thylakoid
Water
Chemical Reaction Equations
Reactants
Products
Synthesis Reaction
Examples:
Decomposition Reaction
Examples:
ENERGY in a Cell 9.1
pp. 226-230
MULTIPLE CHOICE: CIRCLE ALL THE ANSWERS THAT ARE TRUE, THERE MAY BE MORE THAN ONE CORRECT ANSWER!
All organisms get the ENERGY they need to regenerate ATP from __________________________
A. phosphates
B. foods like glucose
C. organelles
D. ADP
CIRCLE ALL THE STATEMENTS THAT ARE TRUE about ATP.
A. ATP consists of ribose sugar, adenine, and 3 phosphate groups
B. ADP forms when ATP loses a phosphate and releases energy.
C. Used ATP is discarded by the cell as waste.
D. ATP provides energy for active transport in cells.
NAME THE CHEMICAL COMPOUND SHOWN BELOW THAT CELLS USE TO STORE ENERGY. _________
3
LABEL THE PARTS THAT MAKE UP THIS MOLECULE:
A= _________________________________
B= __________________________________
C=___________________________________
WHAT DOES ATP STAND FOR?
A_______________________ T________________________________________
HOW MANY PHOSPHATES ARE IN ONE MOLECULE OF ADP? ____________
HOW MANY PHOSPHATES ARE IN ONE MOLECULE OF ATP? ____________
USE the words: ENERGY STORING and ENERGY RELEASING to label what is happening in the reactions shown below: (Hint:
Look at what the phosphate group is doing !)
_____________________________________
____________________________________
Name 3 cellular ACTIVITIES that use the energy stored in ATP:
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
PHOTOSYNTHESIS VOCABULARY
ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE (ADP)
ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP)
CALVIN CYCLE
CHLOROPHYLL
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
4
GRANUM
LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTION
LIGHT-INDEPENDENT REACTION
PHOTOLYSIS
NADP+
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
PIGMENT
STROMA
THYLAKOID
PHOTOSYNTHESIS: Trapping the Sun’s Energy
Chapter
9-2 (pp 231-236)
MULTIPLE CHOICE: CIRCLE ALL THAT ARE TRUE. THERE MAY BE MORE THAN ONE CORRECT ANSWER!
Pigments like (chlorophyll and carotene) are molecules that plants use to _________________________.
A. join ATP
B. transport electrons down the Electron Transport chain
C. charge up NADPH
D. absorb energy from light
Chlorophyll absorbs light very well in the
_______________ regions of the visible spectrum.
(Circle all that are true)
A. blue-violet
B. green
C. red
D. yellow
Most plants appear green because chlorophyll
_________________________________________.
A. reflects green light
B. absorbs green light
5
A student conducts an experiment by collecting the gas given off by a green plant in bright sunlight at room
temperature. The gas being collected is probably ___________________.
A. ATP
B. water vapor
C. carbon dioxide
D. oxygen
Write the complete overall chemical equation for photosynthesis USING NUMBERS AND CHEMICAL SYMBOLS
instead of words:
___________
__________________ + ___________________ → __________________ + ___________________
How many molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) are used to make 1 molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) ?
1
2
3
6
12
In addition to water and carbon dioxide, what two things are required for photosynthesis to happen?
_______________________ and _______________________
THINK ABOUT IT.
Look at the diagram on page 232 in your book. If a plant is kept under green-colored light for an extended period
of time, what do you think will happen to the rate of photosynthesis?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Why are the carotenoid colors (like red, orange, brown) visible in leaves in the fall, but not other times?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
How do other colored pigments like the carotenoids help chlorophyll carry out photosynthesis?
__________________________________________________________________________________
WORD BANK- You can use them more than once!
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
CHLOROPLASTS
CALVIN CYCLE
ATP
O2
H2O
CO2
ENERGY FROM SUNLIGHT
THYLAKOID MEMBRANES
HIGH ENERGY SUGARS
STROMA
NADPH
6
LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTIONS
LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTIONS
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
(ALL happens inside CHLOROPLAST)
7
MULTIPLE CHOICE:
Circle the letter of the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question.
The Calvin cycle is another name for __________________________
A. photosynthesis
B. the electron transport chain
C. light-dependent reactions
D. light-independent reactions
Why does the space inside the thylakoid become positively charged during the light-dependent reactions?
A. ATP synthase pushes H+ ions from the stroma across the membrane into the space
B. H+ ions build up in the space as water is split
C. Electrons have a + charge and are released here by Photosystem II
D. Carbon dioxide builds up in the stroma
CIRCLE ALL THAT ARE TRUE about the LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTION.
A. High-energy electrons move through the electron transport chain.
B. Pigments in photosystems II and I absorb light.
C. ATP synthase helps H+ ions in the thylakoid space to pass through the membrane to the stroma.
D. ATP and NADPH are used to produce high-energy sugars.
CIRCLE ALL THAT ARE TRUE about the CALVIN CYCLE
A. ATP is produced by ATP synthase and oxygen is released
B. It is also called the light-independent reactions.
C. ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions are used here
D. High energy sugar compounds are made from CO2
Which step is the beginning of photosynthesis?
A. Pigments in photosystem I absorb light.
B. Pigments in photosystem II absorb light.
C. High energy electrons move through the electron transport chain.
D. ATP and NADPH produce high energy sugars.
Which molecules act as carriers for energy and high energy electrons during photosynthesis?
A. ATP
B. O2
C. NADPH
D. CO2
How is the Calvin cycle different from the light-dependent reactions?
A. Calvin cycle takes place in chloroplasts.
B. Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma.
C. Calvin cycle requires light.
D. Calvin cycle molecules are part of the thylakoid membrane.
Oxygen produced during the light-dependent reaction is __________________________.
A. used in the Calvin cycle to make sugar
B. joined with the NADPH to make water
C. is released into the atmosphere
D. None of these, oxygen is NOT produced by the light-dependent reaction
8
Name 3 factors that affect the rate at which photosynthesis occurs.
1. ___________________________
2. ___________________________
3. ___________________________
MODIFIED TRUE or FALSE
Circle T if the statement is TRUE.
Circle F if the statement is FALSE and use the blank provided to correct the underlined word/phrase.
T
F
Increasing light intensity decreases the rate of photosynthesis. _____________________
T
F
Carbon dioxide molecules enter the light-dependent reactions from the atmosphere.
______________________
T
F
Photosynthesis uses energy from ATP and high energy electrons from NADPH produced in the lightdependent reactions to make glucose in the Calvin cycle. ___________________
T
F
The light-dependent reaction produces ATP, NADPH, and carbon dioxide. _____________
T
F
Electrons are energized twice during photosynthesis. __________
PHOTOSYNTHESIS STARTS WITH
1. Molecules that collect light energy are called _P_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ .
2. Chlorophyll a and b absorb _B_ __ __ __-_V_ __ __ __ __ __ and _R_ __ __ wavelengths of light best.
3. _C_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ is the main light absorbing pigment found in green plants.
4. Plants “look” green because chlorophyll _R_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ green light.
5. Organisms, like green plants, that can make their own food using energy from the sun are called
_A_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __.
6. The gel-filled space inside the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid stacks is called the _S_ __ __ __ __ __.
7. _P_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ I and II contain chlorophyll and absorb light energy during the _L_ __ __ __ __
_D_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ reactions.
8. During the light dependent reactions, H+ ions build up in the _T_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ space when _W_ __ __ __
__ molecules are split.
9. The enzymes for the light dependent reactions are found in the _T_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _M_ __ __ __ __ __ __
__ , while the Calvin cycle happens in the _S_ __ __ __ __ __.
10. The stacks of thylakoids found inside chloroplasts are called _G_ __ __ __ __ .
11. The light independent reactions are also called the _C_ __ __ __ __ __ _C_ __ __ __ __.
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12. _J_ __ __ __ __ __ _P_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ used a bell jar, candle, and plant to show plants give off something
that candles need to burn.
13. Carbon and oxygen from _C_ __ __ __ __ __ _D_ __ __ __ __ __ __ end up as part of a_G_ __ __ __ __ __ __
molecule following the Calvin cycle.
14. _A_ __ __ and _N_ __ __ __ __ are made during the _L_ __ __ __ __ dependent reactions and carry energy and
high energy electrons that are used during the Calvin cycle to produce _S_ __ __ __ __ __, like glucose.
15. The O in H2O is given off as_O_ __ __ __ __ __ gas to the atmosphere when water is split during the light
dependent reactions.
16. Proteins in living things that help chemical reactions happen are called _E_ __ __ __ __ __ __ .
17. _M_ __ __ __ __ __ _C_ __ __ __ __ __ received the Nobel prize for figuring out the biochemical pathway used by
plants to make glucose.
18. Orange and yellow colored pigments called _C_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ absorb different wavelengths of
light and help chlorophyll use more of the sun’s energy.
19. _T_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ , amount of _W_ __ __ __ __ , and _L_ __ __ __ __ intensity are all factors that
affect the rate of photosynthesis.
USE THE LETTERS IN THE DIAGRAM AT THE LEFT TO IDENTIFY:
______ stroma
______ thylakoid
______ granum
______ thylakoid space
______ cytoplasm
10
COLOR THE DIAGRAM ABOVE AS DESCRIBED:
Color the energy from sunlight YELLOW
Color the two photosystems GREEN
Color the hydrogen ions PINK
Color the electrons RED
Color the PHOSPHOLIPIDS of the thylakoid membrane BLUE
On which side of the membrane would you find the STROMA? A or
B
On which side of the membrane is the INNER THYLAKOID SPACE? A
or
On which side of the membrane does ATP formation happen?
On which side of the membrane is water split?
STROMA
STROMA
B
THYLAKOID SPACE
THYLAKOID SPACE
On which side of the membrane is NADPH produced?
STROMA
THYLAKOID SPACE
On which side of the membrane do H+ ions build up?
STROMA
THYLAKOID SPACE
USE WORDS FROM THE WORD BANK TO FILL IN THE CHART COMPARING AND CONTRASTING THE LIGHT-DEPENDENT
REACTIONS AND THE CALVIN CYCLE: (You can use them more than once!)
in stroma
part of thylakoid membrane O2 ATP CO2
Requires light Doesn’t require light SUGARS (glucose)
H2O
NADPH
LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTIONS
LOCATION
REACTANTS
PRODUCTS
IS LIGHT REQUIRED?
11
CALVIN CYCLE
12
13
THINK ABOUT IT
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE: The chemical reactions of photosynthesis require enzymes (proteins) to make them happen.
Enzymes work best in a certain temperature range. At temperatures on either side of this optimum range, photosynthesis will
slow or stop. Which of these graphs represents the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis? ______
EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER. ________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
EFFECT OF LIGHT: The light dependent reactions of photosynthesis require light. As light intensity increases, photosynthesis will
also increase up to a point where the enzymes are working as fast as they can, all the carriers are full and cycling as quickly as
they can, and photosynthesis can’t go any faster. Which of these graphs represents the effect of light intensity on the rate of
photosynthesis? ______
EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER. _________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
14
CELLULAR RESPIRATION VOCABULARY
GLYCOLYSIS
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
FERMENTATION
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
KREBS CYCLE
ANAEROBIC
AEROBIC
GLUCOSE
PYRUVIC ACID – molecule containing three carbons that is formed when glucose breaks apart during glycolysis, the
first part of cellular respiration
LACTIC ACID – molecule formed from pyruvic acid that accumulates in muscles during exercise when oxygen is not
available
NAD+ and FAD – electron carriers involved in glycolysis and cellular respiration
CITRIC ACID – 6 carbon molecule that is broken down at the beginning of the Krebs cycle to release carbon dioxide
CREATINE – natural substance found in muscles that regenerates ATP for extended energy for muscle activity which
is used as a dietary supplement to increase muscle strength and performance
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Getting Energy to Make ATP pp 237-245
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Circle ALL that are TRUE. There may be MORE THAN one correct answer.
_______________________ is the first step in cellular respiration that begins releasing energy stored in glucose.
A. Alcoholic fermentation
B. Lactic acid fermentation
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C. Glycolysis
D. Electron transport chain
If oxygen is NOT present, glycolysis is followed by _____________________
A. Krebs cycle
B. electron transport chain
C. fermentation
Name the 3 carbon molecule produced when glucose is broken in half during glycolysis.
A. pyruvic acid
B. lactic acid
C. Acetyl-CoA
D. citric acid
Since fermentation does not require oxygen it is said to be __________________.
A. aerobic
B. anaerobic
Which high energy electron carrier is regenerated during fermentation that allows cells to continue to make ATP using
glycolysis?
A. NAD+
B. NADPH
C. ATP
D. ADP
Name the TWO new high energy electron carriers used during cellular respiration that are different than the one used for
photosynthesis. _________ _________
How many ATP molecules are added to get glycolysis started? _________
Since glycolysis produces 4 ATP molecules, this results in a NET GAIN of _____ ATP’s
MATCH THE LETTER IN THE DIAGRAM WITH THE LABEL:
(You can use them MORE THAN ONCE)
______ MATRIX
______ INTERMEMBRANE SPACE
______ CYTOPLASM
______ OUTER MEMBRANE
______ INNER MEMBRANE (CRISTAE)
______ Place GLYCOLYSIS happens
Write the complete overall chemical equation for cellular respiration using chemical symbols instead of words:
____________ + _______________ → ________________+_________________+________________
Compare this reaction to the one you learned about last chapter for PHOTOSYNTHSIS
(6 H2O + 6 CO2 + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2) How are these equations related?
_____________________________________________________________________
Write the equations for the two kind of fermentation:
16
Alcoholic fermentation
_________________+_______________→_________________+_________________ +______________
Lactic acid fermentation
___________________+_________________→___________________+_________________
Tell the kind of fermentation used in each example:
Yeast uses this to make bread dough rise ________________________
Your muscle cells use this during rapid exercise when oxygen is low ________________
Bacteria and yeast use this to make beer and wine _____________________
Bacteria use this to make cheese, yogurt, and sour cream ___________________
If alcoholic fermentation is used to make bread dough rise, how come you don’t become intoxicated when you eat the bread?
____________________________________________________________________________________
The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport
MULTIPLE CHOICE:
Circle the answer or answers that best complete the statement or answer the question.
(THERE MAY BE MORE THAN ONE RIGHT ANSWER.)
1.
Which of the following shows the correct sequence during cellular respiration?
A. Electron transport chain → glycolysis → Krebs cycle
B. Glycolysis → Electron transport chain → Krebs cycle
C. Krebs cycle → Electron transport chain → glycolysis
D. Glycolysis → Krebs cycle → Electron transport chain
2.
Where do the carbon atoms in pyruvic acid end up following the Krebs cycle?
A. They enter the electron transport chain and make ATP
B. They become part of a carbon dioxide molecule and end up in the atmosphere
C. They join with citric acid to make Acetyl-CoA
D. They build up in the intermembrane space
3.
Because cellular respiration requires oxygen it is said to be _________________
A. aerobic
B. anaerobic
4.
How many total ATP molecules are produced by 1 molecule of glucose completing cellular respiration ?
2
6
24
36
5.
How many total CO2 molecules are produced by 1 molecule of glucose completing cellular respiration?
2
6
24
36
6.
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ARE PRODUCED DURING THE KREBS CYCLE?
A. ATP
B. NADH
C. FADH2
CO2
D.
17
7.
What molecule is the final electron acceptor at the end of the Electron transport chain?
A. oxygen
B. carbon dioxide
C. glucose
D. NADH
8.
The movement of which ion across the membrane from the intermembrane space to the matrix causes ATP synthase to
spin and make ATP?
A.
Na+ ions
B. oxygen
C. H+ ions
D. water
9.
Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?
A. glycolysis
B. Krebs cycle
C. Electron transport
D. Acetyl-CoA charging
10. Which of the following happens during the Electron Transport chain?
(Circle all that are true)
A. Energy from the moving electrons transports H+ ions into the intermembrane space
B. Carbon dioxide is released
C. Energy from H+ ions crossing back into the matrix causes ATP synthase to make ATP.
D. Water is produced
Name the ? molecule that joins in this reaction to make Acetyl-CoA.
A. ATP
B. NADP+
C. Coenzyme A
D. citric acid
If oxygen is present, what will happen to the NADH produced in this reaction?
A. Its electrons will enter the Electron transport chain
B. It will donate its H+ ions to make glucose
C. It will join with ATP to make citric acid
D. It will join with oxygen to make CO2
Name the 6 carbon molecule that forms when
Acetyl-CoA joins its 2 carbons to a 4 carbon
molecule during the Krebs cycle.
A. ATP
B. pyruvic acid
C. glucose
D. citric acid
18
MATCH THE LETTER IN THE DIAGRAM WITH THE LABEL:
(You can use them MORE THAN ONCE or NOT AT ALL)
______ Place where glycolysis happens
______ Place where Krebs cycle happens
______ Place where enzymes for the Electron Transport Chain are
located
______ Place that fills with H+ ions as electrons move down the Electron
transport chain
______ Place where ADP and P join to make ATP during Electron
transport
______ Place where oxygen acts as the final electron
acceptor to make water
Word Bank for Drawing Cellular Respiration (may be used more than once)
NADH
FADH2
NAD
FAD
Intermembrane Space
Cristea
Matrix
Fermentation
O2
H2O
ATP
H+
Glucose
Glycolysis
Pyruvic acid
Electron Transport Chain
Glycolysis
19
C
ADP
Lactic acid
With oxygen
Without oxygen
Kreb’s Cycle
20
Electron Transport Chain
21
Name:___________________________ Period:________
3A Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Pre-Standard
Vocabulary: Match the phrases on the left with the term that best fits. Use answers only one time.
(1 point each)
____1. Organisms that make their own food
A. Chloroplasts
____2. Site of photosynthesis
B. Aneorobic
____3. Process occurs in a mitochondrion
C. Aerobic
____4. C6H12O6
D. Glucose
____5. Process does not require oxygen
E. ATP
____6. Process requires oxygen
F. cell respiration
____7. Adenosine diphosphate
G. Glycolysis
____8. Energy storing molecule of the cell
H. Heterotrophs
____9. The anaerobic process of splitting glucose
and forming two molecules of pyruvic acid
I. ADP
J. Autotrophs
____10. Organisms that do not make their own food
Directions: Answer each of the following questions in a clear and concise manner.(6 points each)
11. Describe in your own words what photosynthesis is and why it is important.
12. Name the two stages of photosynthesis and list the starting molecule(s) or reactants and ending molecule(s) or
products of each.
Stages
Starting Molecule(s)
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Product(s)
13. What is the general chemical equation of photosynthesis? Use both words and formula form.
14. Explain how the equations for photosynthesis and respiration are related.
15. Fill in the chart comparing and contrasting cell respiration and photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis
Cell Respiration
Organelle for process
Reactants
Cycle of chemical reactions
Products
16. Animals do not perform photosynthesis; however, it is essential to our survival. Explain this.
17. Discuss how cells store energy and release energy using ATP. Be specific! You may draw the cycle to help with
your explanation if you need to.
18. Describe in your own words what cell respiration is and why it is needed.
19. Write the equation for cell respiration in words and chemical formula form.
23
20. In what step of cell respiration does glucose get broken down? What does it get broken down to and why must
it be broken down?
21. Why can all organisms (prokaryotes and eukaryotes) use glycolysis but not all organisms use the Kreb’s cycle and
ETC (only eukaryotes do)?
22. What is the difference in an aerobic process and anaerobic process?
23. Name the three processes of aerobic cellular respiration. How many ATP’s does each process produce, and what
is the total ATP produced from one glucose?
3 Processes of Cellular
Respiration:
# ATP produced:
Total ATP per 1 glucose =__________
24. What is fermentation and why is it used?
25. Our bodies use fermentation when our muscles lack oxygen. What is the type of fermentation used by us?
Bacteria and yeast also use fermentation in the process of making bread, cheese and yogurt. What type of
fermentation do they use?
24