Anaerobic Respiration
... Anaerobic Respiration - Fermentation •The process of lactic acid fermentation replaces the process of aerobic respiration so that the cell can have a continual source of energy, even in the absence of oxygen. •However this shift is only temporary and cells need oxygen for sustained activity. ...
... Anaerobic Respiration - Fermentation •The process of lactic acid fermentation replaces the process of aerobic respiration so that the cell can have a continual source of energy, even in the absence of oxygen. •However this shift is only temporary and cells need oxygen for sustained activity. ...
Energy and Life
... together to make ATP. Final step is ATP production using energy released during the ETC. Note: Water is also being produced More than 90% of the oxygen we breathe is used in electron transport–ATP synthesis reactions. Pearson Prentice Hall 2007 ...
... together to make ATP. Final step is ATP production using energy released during the ETC. Note: Water is also being produced More than 90% of the oxygen we breathe is used in electron transport–ATP synthesis reactions. Pearson Prentice Hall 2007 ...
microbial ecology-2012
... available to heterotrophic consumers who convert the organic carbon back to CO2 during their respiration. A net gain in organic matter produced by photosynthesis and not converted back to CO 2 is called net community productivity. The transfer of energy stored in organic compounds from one organism ...
... available to heterotrophic consumers who convert the organic carbon back to CO2 during their respiration. A net gain in organic matter produced by photosynthesis and not converted back to CO 2 is called net community productivity. The transfer of energy stored in organic compounds from one organism ...
In the light of the haloarchaea metabolism
... cycle, which is alternatively known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the Krebs cycle, accounts for the major portion of carbohydrate, fatty acid, and amino acid oxidation and generates numerous biosynthetic precursors (Figure 2). The citric acid cycle is therefore amphibolic, that is, it op ...
... cycle, which is alternatively known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the Krebs cycle, accounts for the major portion of carbohydrate, fatty acid, and amino acid oxidation and generates numerous biosynthetic precursors (Figure 2). The citric acid cycle is therefore amphibolic, that is, it op ...
ch14
... stable, nontoxic, and nonflammable. They are excellent cleaners, refrigerants, and propellants, but they decompose extremely slowly near the Earth’s surface. They readily enter the stratosphere, where UV radiation causes them to release free Cl atoms that damage the ...
... stable, nontoxic, and nonflammable. They are excellent cleaners, refrigerants, and propellants, but they decompose extremely slowly near the Earth’s surface. They readily enter the stratosphere, where UV radiation causes them to release free Cl atoms that damage the ...
Chapter 11
... this picture arose because of the response to inhibitors. If an inhibitor blocks electron transfer between two sites (as indicated above for antimycin) then in the presence of an excess of electron donor e.g. NADH the electron carriers to the left of the inhibitory site become reduced while those to ...
... this picture arose because of the response to inhibitors. If an inhibitor blocks electron transfer between two sites (as indicated above for antimycin) then in the presence of an excess of electron donor e.g. NADH the electron carriers to the left of the inhibitory site become reduced while those to ...
Krebs Cycle - USD Home Pages
... Reactions take place in mitochondria -‐ thus transport of reactants and products are important ...
... Reactions take place in mitochondria -‐ thus transport of reactants and products are important ...
Dear Notetaker:
... 2. Chylomicrons contain which three (3) of the following substances? a. Dietary triglycerides, dietary cholesterol, and dietary vitamins. i. Chylomicrons consist of dietary things 3. Which bond is characteristic of the primary structure of a protein? a. Peptide bond 4. To complete production of 2 my ...
... 2. Chylomicrons contain which three (3) of the following substances? a. Dietary triglycerides, dietary cholesterol, and dietary vitamins. i. Chylomicrons consist of dietary things 3. Which bond is characteristic of the primary structure of a protein? a. Peptide bond 4. To complete production of 2 my ...
Electron Transport Chain Questions
... 7. How many molecules of pyruvate are made from one molecule of glucose? 2 molecules 8. How many carbons make up one molecule of pyruvate? 3 carbon atoms 9. What is the purpose of NAD+? What type of reaction is NAD+ involved in? The purpose of NAD+ is to serve as an electron carrier. As bonds are br ...
... 7. How many molecules of pyruvate are made from one molecule of glucose? 2 molecules 8. How many carbons make up one molecule of pyruvate? 3 carbon atoms 9. What is the purpose of NAD+? What type of reaction is NAD+ involved in? The purpose of NAD+ is to serve as an electron carrier. As bonds are br ...
(1) Peter Mitchell and the Chemiosmotic Theory
... • In 1949, Morris Friedkin, together with his PhD supervisor, Albert Lehninger , showed the existence of a connection between different metabolic pathways for coenzyme NADH to oxygen as a source of energy in oxidative phosphorylation. ...
... • In 1949, Morris Friedkin, together with his PhD supervisor, Albert Lehninger , showed the existence of a connection between different metabolic pathways for coenzyme NADH to oxygen as a source of energy in oxidative phosphorylation. ...
Ch 18 reading guide
... 1. In the presence of oxygen, pyruvate is converted into a molecule called ______________. 2. From the schematic of figure 18.2, it is observed that the acetyl unit of acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle and is converted to ________. 3. What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the conversio ...
... 1. In the presence of oxygen, pyruvate is converted into a molecule called ______________. 2. From the schematic of figure 18.2, it is observed that the acetyl unit of acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle and is converted to ________. 3. What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the conversio ...
01 P⁄g. iniciales (Page 1)
... According to the classical formulation of the heterotrophic theory of the origin of life [30], once the supply of abiotic organic compounds had become a limiting factor, primitive cells evolved other ways of obtaining carbon and energy. This led first to the development of photoautrophy, and afterwa ...
... According to the classical formulation of the heterotrophic theory of the origin of life [30], once the supply of abiotic organic compounds had become a limiting factor, primitive cells evolved other ways of obtaining carbon and energy. This led first to the development of photoautrophy, and afterwa ...
Chapter 9 Modified
... glucose NADH electron transport chain proton-motive force ATP • About 34% of the energy in a glucose molecule is transferred to ATP during cellular respiration, making about 32 ATP • There are several reasons why the number of ATP is not known exactly © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... glucose NADH electron transport chain proton-motive force ATP • About 34% of the energy in a glucose molecule is transferred to ATP during cellular respiration, making about 32 ATP • There are several reasons why the number of ATP is not known exactly © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Luiziana Ferreira da Silva Lab of Bioproducts Department of Microbiology
... Physiologic characteristics related to the environment were studied in this bacterium: • Nitrogen fixing ability under adverse conditions: low pH and under high concentrations of toxic compounds • Role of exopolysaccharide in protecting the nitrogenase from oxygen deleterious effects • Stimulation o ...
... Physiologic characteristics related to the environment were studied in this bacterium: • Nitrogen fixing ability under adverse conditions: low pH and under high concentrations of toxic compounds • Role of exopolysaccharide in protecting the nitrogenase from oxygen deleterious effects • Stimulation o ...
9.6 Respiration 4 (Control and other metabolites)
... • Fat generates 2x ATP vs. carbohydrate – more C in gram of fat • more energy releasing bonds – more O in gram of carbohydrate • so it’s already partly oxidized • less energy to release ...
... • Fat generates 2x ATP vs. carbohydrate – more C in gram of fat • more energy releasing bonds – more O in gram of carbohydrate • so it’s already partly oxidized • less energy to release ...
Metabolism 2010edit
... • Fat generates 2x ATP vs. carbohydrate – more C in gram of fat • more energy releasing bonds – more O in gram of carbohydrate • so it’s already partly oxidized • less energy to release ...
... • Fat generates 2x ATP vs. carbohydrate – more C in gram of fat • more energy releasing bonds – more O in gram of carbohydrate • so it’s already partly oxidized • less energy to release ...
RTRI Cellular Respiration
... tumour cells rely on anaerobic respiration even in the presence of oxygen and that this is due to some impairment of the mitochondria in these cells. One opportunity for fighting cancer may therefore be to disrupt the glycolytic pathway in cancer cells, thereby depriving them of the energy they need ...
... tumour cells rely on anaerobic respiration even in the presence of oxygen and that this is due to some impairment of the mitochondria in these cells. One opportunity for fighting cancer may therefore be to disrupt the glycolytic pathway in cancer cells, thereby depriving them of the energy they need ...
chapter9_powerpoint
... • In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced to NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce ...
... • In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced to NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce ...
The Biological Process in Wastewater Treatment
... Nitrate (facultative) C6H12O6 + 6 H2O 6 CO2+ 12 H2 / 5 H2 +2 NO3 - + 2 H+ N2 + 6 H2O (denitrifiers) Sulfate (anaerobes) C2H4O2CO2 / SO4 -- H2S (sulfate reducers) Carbon dioxide (anaerobes) CO2+ 4 H2 CH4 +2 H2O (methanogens) Fermentation C6H12O62 CO2+2 C2H5OH ...
... Nitrate (facultative) C6H12O6 + 6 H2O 6 CO2+ 12 H2 / 5 H2 +2 NO3 - + 2 H+ N2 + 6 H2O (denitrifiers) Sulfate (anaerobes) C2H4O2CO2 / SO4 -- H2S (sulfate reducers) Carbon dioxide (anaerobes) CO2+ 4 H2 CH4 +2 H2O (methanogens) Fermentation C6H12O62 CO2+2 C2H5OH ...
The Electron Transport Chain
... Shown above is a mitochondrian. The mitochondrian is enclosed by an outer membrane and a more complex inner mitochondrial membrane. The space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes is called the intermembrane space. With in this space we find enzymes that utilize ATP such as creatine k ...
... Shown above is a mitochondrian. The mitochondrian is enclosed by an outer membrane and a more complex inner mitochondrial membrane. The space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes is called the intermembrane space. With in this space we find enzymes that utilize ATP such as creatine k ...
chapter 9 cellular respiration: harvesting chemical
... generated by respiration. Some ATP is also formed directly during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle by substrate-level phosphorylation. Here an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from an organic substrate to ADP, forming ATP. For each molecule of glucose degraded to carbon dioxide and water ...
... generated by respiration. Some ATP is also formed directly during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle by substrate-level phosphorylation. Here an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from an organic substrate to ADP, forming ATP. For each molecule of glucose degraded to carbon dioxide and water ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)