Nonenzymatic glycolysis and pentose phosphate
... that the origin of life could have been facilitated by the geochemical formation of cellular constituents in the reducing environment of the early earth (Oparin, 1938; Miller et al, 1997). Experimental support for this hypothesis was provided by the Miller–Urey experiment that demonstrated the non-b ...
... that the origin of life could have been facilitated by the geochemical formation of cellular constituents in the reducing environment of the early earth (Oparin, 1938; Miller et al, 1997). Experimental support for this hypothesis was provided by the Miller–Urey experiment that demonstrated the non-b ...
Lecture 10
... • Two specific phosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and glucose 6-phosphate. ...
... • Two specific phosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and glucose 6-phosphate. ...
Genetic Disorders of Mitochondrial and Peroxisomal Fatty Acid
... raised phytanic acid concentrations has led to detailed studies of phytanic acid oxidation. These studies showed that phytanic acid undergoes oxidative decarboxylation, with pristanic acid (2,4,6,10-tetramethylpentadecanoic acid) and CO2 as the end products, and that patients with Refsum disease can ...
... raised phytanic acid concentrations has led to detailed studies of phytanic acid oxidation. These studies showed that phytanic acid undergoes oxidative decarboxylation, with pristanic acid (2,4,6,10-tetramethylpentadecanoic acid) and CO2 as the end products, and that patients with Refsum disease can ...
NOTE Proposal for the reclassification of Thiobacillus novellus as
... contributions to the study of soil microbiology and sulfur biochemistry). Short rods, coccoidal or ellipsoidal cells 0n4–0n8 µmi 0n8–2n0 µm, occurring singly and, occasionally, in pairs. Non-motile. Colonies grown on thiosulfate agar (with biotin) are small, smooth, circular, round and opalescent, b ...
... contributions to the study of soil microbiology and sulfur biochemistry). Short rods, coccoidal or ellipsoidal cells 0n4–0n8 µmi 0n8–2n0 µm, occurring singly and, occasionally, in pairs. Non-motile. Colonies grown on thiosulfate agar (with biotin) are small, smooth, circular, round and opalescent, b ...
Slide 1
... • Hormones like glucagon and epinephrine increase cAMP – FA synthesis slows – Triglycerides are broken down – FA’s enter b-oxidation faster ...
... • Hormones like glucagon and epinephrine increase cAMP – FA synthesis slows – Triglycerides are broken down – FA’s enter b-oxidation faster ...
A Theoretical Analysis of NADPH Production and
... plant and fungal mitochondria (Palmer & Msller, 1982). The quantitative importance of this process in vivo is unknown. N A DPH-producing processes in yeasts The localization of NADPH-producing processes in the yeast cell is an important parameter since, as mentioned above, most NADPH-consuming proce ...
... plant and fungal mitochondria (Palmer & Msller, 1982). The quantitative importance of this process in vivo is unknown. N A DPH-producing processes in yeasts The localization of NADPH-producing processes in the yeast cell is an important parameter since, as mentioned above, most NADPH-consuming proce ...
A Study of the Effects of Exercise on the Urinary Metabolome
... non-enzymatically in humans, and it was concluded that uric acid was acting as an antioxidant against reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during exercise. Hence, this could be a useful tool in examining levels of oxidative stress. As previously mentioned, plasma levels of hypoxanthine were also ...
... non-enzymatically in humans, and it was concluded that uric acid was acting as an antioxidant against reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during exercise. Hence, this could be a useful tool in examining levels of oxidative stress. As previously mentioned, plasma levels of hypoxanthine were also ...
Enzymes responsible for chlorate reduction by Pseudomonas sp
... SDS–PAGE analysis of the chlorate reductase from strain PDA indicated three bands with molecular weights of 60, 48, and 27 kDa (Fig. 2(b)). The first 15 amino acids of the N-terminus of the 60 kDa band (SATDISGAFEYSGGE) did not show similarity to any other previously isolated chlorate or perchlorate ...
... SDS–PAGE analysis of the chlorate reductase from strain PDA indicated three bands with molecular weights of 60, 48, and 27 kDa (Fig. 2(b)). The first 15 amino acids of the N-terminus of the 60 kDa band (SATDISGAFEYSGGE) did not show similarity to any other previously isolated chlorate or perchlorate ...
The Utilization by Yeasts of Acids of the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
... The contents of the Warburg flask side arm were mixed with those of the main compartment, and a t the same moment 175 pmole of sodium acetate in 0.5 ml. water were added to the pipette flask and the contents we1 mixed. When the rate of acetate oxidation was steady (usually after about 20 min.) the a ...
... The contents of the Warburg flask side arm were mixed with those of the main compartment, and a t the same moment 175 pmole of sodium acetate in 0.5 ml. water were added to the pipette flask and the contents we1 mixed. When the rate of acetate oxidation was steady (usually after about 20 min.) the a ...
Introduction: Dietary carbohydrates digestion give mainly
... UDP Glucuronic acid : Glucuronides are formed with substrates such as bilirubin, steroid and a number of drugs for their excretion in urine or bile as glucuronide conjugates. UDP-glucuronate is the source of glucuronic acid for reactions involving its incorporation into proteoglycans and glycosa ...
... UDP Glucuronic acid : Glucuronides are formed with substrates such as bilirubin, steroid and a number of drugs for their excretion in urine or bile as glucuronide conjugates. UDP-glucuronate is the source of glucuronic acid for reactions involving its incorporation into proteoglycans and glycosa ...
Nitrogen source governs the patterns of growth and
... using different nitrogen sources. During balanced growth, either mineral or organic nitrogen sources were readily utilized. However, glutamate and alanine were used as both nitrogen and carbon source, sparing the utilization of the primary carbon source, glucose. Valine was utilized only for its nit ...
... using different nitrogen sources. During balanced growth, either mineral or organic nitrogen sources were readily utilized. However, glutamate and alanine were used as both nitrogen and carbon source, sparing the utilization of the primary carbon source, glucose. Valine was utilized only for its nit ...
Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis
... ¬ CH2OH of glucose could attack the ␥ phosphoryl group of ATP, forming ADP and Pi. In other words, a rigid kinase would likely also be an ATPase. Substrateinduced cleft closing is a general feature of kinases. ...
... ¬ CH2OH of glucose could attack the ␥ phosphoryl group of ATP, forming ADP and Pi. In other words, a rigid kinase would likely also be an ATPase. Substrateinduced cleft closing is a general feature of kinases. ...
Methylobacterium extorquens AM1
... activities compared to their levels under pure methanol or succinate conditions suggests the presence of a dedicated metabolism adapted to mixotrophic conditions. However, no information on cell growth or substrate utilization during the incubation with both substrates was included in this earlier s ...
... activities compared to their levels under pure methanol or succinate conditions suggests the presence of a dedicated metabolism adapted to mixotrophic conditions. However, no information on cell growth or substrate utilization during the incubation with both substrates was included in this earlier s ...
Pentose phosphates in nucleoside interconversion and catabolism
... Alternatively, adenosine can be phosphorylated to AMP by adenosine kinase [39]. Rib-1-P recycling also occurs in E. coli and L. lactis. In these organisms, free adenine can serve as the sole purine source. Adenine is converted into adenosine, and then into inosine and hypoxanthine using the Rib-1-P ...
... Alternatively, adenosine can be phosphorylated to AMP by adenosine kinase [39]. Rib-1-P recycling also occurs in E. coli and L. lactis. In these organisms, free adenine can serve as the sole purine source. Adenine is converted into adenosine, and then into inosine and hypoxanthine using the Rib-1-P ...
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS)
... cassava peels at a mixing ratio of 1:1 had significant effect in increasing average cumulative biogas yield. They posited that substrates with very high C/N ratio would produce very low biogas (Table 4). However, when codigested with materials with a low C/N ratio, stabilize the ratio to an optimal ...
... cassava peels at a mixing ratio of 1:1 had significant effect in increasing average cumulative biogas yield. They posited that substrates with very high C/N ratio would produce very low biogas (Table 4). However, when codigested with materials with a low C/N ratio, stabilize the ratio to an optimal ...
Inducible uptake and metabolism of glucose by the phosphorylative
... metabolize gluconate and 2-ketogluconate. These observations were supported by measurements of enzyme activities and analysis of the products formed during metabolism of glucose. Specific activities for various enzymes involved in glucose metabolism are depicted in Table 2. Cell-free extracts prepar ...
... metabolize gluconate and 2-ketogluconate. These observations were supported by measurements of enzyme activities and analysis of the products formed during metabolism of glucose. Specific activities for various enzymes involved in glucose metabolism are depicted in Table 2. Cell-free extracts prepar ...
Gly - mustafaaltinisik.org.uk
... reaction. 3. need NADPH more than ribose 5-P Generating fructose 5-P and glyceraldehyde 3-P by both branches Changed to glucose 6-P through gluconeogenesis Thus, theoretically all glucose can be converted to CO2 and NADPH. ...
... reaction. 3. need NADPH more than ribose 5-P Generating fructose 5-P and glyceraldehyde 3-P by both branches Changed to glucose 6-P through gluconeogenesis Thus, theoretically all glucose can be converted to CO2 and NADPH. ...
Respiratory enzyme activity and regulation of respiration pathway in
... d of recovery after water drainage. Non-waterlogged seedlings were regarded as control during this experiment. All waterlogged seedlings were averagely divided into two parts after the formation of adventitious roots. The first and second treatment groups contain seedlings with retained and removed ...
... d of recovery after water drainage. Non-waterlogged seedlings were regarded as control during this experiment. All waterlogged seedlings were averagely divided into two parts after the formation of adventitious roots. The first and second treatment groups contain seedlings with retained and removed ...
Chemistry 11 Final Examination Review
... 31. A certain atom contains 34 protons, 34 electrons, and 45 neutrons. This atom has a mass number of __. a) 34 b) 45 c) 68 d) 79 32. An example of a compound is a) oxygen b) mercury c) salt d) diamond 33. Carbon is classed as an element rather than as a compound because it a) cannot be chemically d ...
... 31. A certain atom contains 34 protons, 34 electrons, and 45 neutrons. This atom has a mass number of __. a) 34 b) 45 c) 68 d) 79 32. An example of a compound is a) oxygen b) mercury c) salt d) diamond 33. Carbon is classed as an element rather than as a compound because it a) cannot be chemically d ...
Methionhe synthesis in Proteus mirabilis
... Sands, 1950; Roberts et al. 1955) the organisms were harvested and a 30 ml. suspension (equiv. 500 mg. dry wt. bacteria) prepared in distilled water. Bacterial concentrations were also estimated by measuring the extinction at 630 mp (E&) and by determination of the protein content of disrupted extra ...
... Sands, 1950; Roberts et al. 1955) the organisms were harvested and a 30 ml. suspension (equiv. 500 mg. dry wt. bacteria) prepared in distilled water. Bacterial concentrations were also estimated by measuring the extinction at 630 mp (E&) and by determination of the protein content of disrupted extra ...
Metabolomics - Circulation: Cardiovascular Genetics
... ketone bodies and amino acids, generate the reducing equivalents NADH and FADH2 (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide, respectively), which, via the electron transport chain, synthesise ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. In addition there is a comparativel ...
... ketone bodies and amino acids, generate the reducing equivalents NADH and FADH2 (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide, respectively), which, via the electron transport chain, synthesise ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. In addition there is a comparativel ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)