Chapter 1
... – Changes in total fluid & ECF/ICF • Gender differences develop during adolescence – Greater increase in males • After 25, weight gain = fat gain • Lean mass decreases with increasing age – More so in women than men – Body water declines too 2009 Cengage-Wadsworth ...
... – Changes in total fluid & ECF/ICF • Gender differences develop during adolescence – Greater increase in males • After 25, weight gain = fat gain • Lean mass decreases with increasing age – More so in women than men – Body water declines too 2009 Cengage-Wadsworth ...
1. Naturally occurring boron consists of two isotopes, boron–10 and
... A plastic bag is massed. It is then filled with a gas which is insoluble in water and massed again. The apparent weight of the gas is the difference between these two masses. The gas is squeezed out of the bag to determine its volume by the displacement of water. What is the actual weight of the gas ...
... A plastic bag is massed. It is then filled with a gas which is insoluble in water and massed again. The apparent weight of the gas is the difference between these two masses. The gas is squeezed out of the bag to determine its volume by the displacement of water. What is the actual weight of the gas ...
PowerPoint lecture
... substrate-level phosphorylation. Two molecules of pyruvate form at this last reaction step. 6 Summing up, glycolysis yields two NADH, two ATP (net), ...
... substrate-level phosphorylation. Two molecules of pyruvate form at this last reaction step. 6 Summing up, glycolysis yields two NADH, two ATP (net), ...
A summary of amino acid metabolism based on amino acid structure
... Figure 3 Examples of the relationship between amino acid structure and metabolism (a) Tryptophan has at least three hydrocarbon carbons in a row beginning with the f5 carbon (carbon 3) and thus must be converted, at least in part, to acetyl CoA (hydrocarbon carbons are labeled a, b, c, d, e, f, and ...
... Figure 3 Examples of the relationship between amino acid structure and metabolism (a) Tryptophan has at least three hydrocarbon carbons in a row beginning with the f5 carbon (carbon 3) and thus must be converted, at least in part, to acetyl CoA (hydrocarbon carbons are labeled a, b, c, d, e, f, and ...
Biosynthesis of the nutritionally nonessential amino acids
... reduction reactions. Biosynthesis of proline similar to those of proline catabolism, but in which glutamate -phosphate is an intermediate. D. Glycine, Serine, and Cysteine Glycine: Glycine aminotransferases can catalyze the synthesis of glycine from glyoxylate and glutamate or alanine. Additional im ...
... reduction reactions. Biosynthesis of proline similar to those of proline catabolism, but in which glutamate -phosphate is an intermediate. D. Glycine, Serine, and Cysteine Glycine: Glycine aminotransferases can catalyze the synthesis of glycine from glyoxylate and glutamate or alanine. Additional im ...
CHAPTER OUTLINE
... a. extracellular fluid b. ECF c. intracellular fluid d. ICF e. fluid balance f. electrolytes g. electrolyte balance h. acid-base balance Compare the composition of intracellular and extracellular fluids. Name the various fluid compartments found in the body. Explain the basic concepts involved in th ...
... a. extracellular fluid b. ECF c. intracellular fluid d. ICF e. fluid balance f. electrolytes g. electrolyte balance h. acid-base balance Compare the composition of intracellular and extracellular fluids. Name the various fluid compartments found in the body. Explain the basic concepts involved in th ...
Lec. 4 - Ketogenesis (Biosynthesis of ketone bodies)
... the action of succinyl CoA - acetoacetate CoA transferase [succinyl CoA transferase] present in all tissues except the liver? Its absence allows the liver to produce ketone bodies but not utilize them; this ensures that extrahepatic tissues have access to ketone bodies as a fuel source during prolon ...
... the action of succinyl CoA - acetoacetate CoA transferase [succinyl CoA transferase] present in all tissues except the liver? Its absence allows the liver to produce ketone bodies but not utilize them; this ensures that extrahepatic tissues have access to ketone bodies as a fuel source during prolon ...
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM – Chapter 37
... despite changes in the outside environment. As a basis for understanding this concept: a. Students know how the complementary activity of major body systems provides cells with oxygen and nutrients and removes toxic waste products such as carbon dioxide. What does this standard mean??? ...
... despite changes in the outside environment. As a basis for understanding this concept: a. Students know how the complementary activity of major body systems provides cells with oxygen and nutrients and removes toxic waste products such as carbon dioxide. What does this standard mean??? ...
2009 U. S. NATIONAL CHEMISTRY OLYMPIAD
... b. Account for the fact that standard enthalpies of formation of compounds at 25˚C may be either positive or negative. c. Explain why all elements and compounds have positive S˚ values at 25˚C. d. Give an example of a chemical species that does not have a positive S˚ value at 25 ˚C and explain why i ...
... b. Account for the fact that standard enthalpies of formation of compounds at 25˚C may be either positive or negative. c. Explain why all elements and compounds have positive S˚ values at 25˚C. d. Give an example of a chemical species that does not have a positive S˚ value at 25 ˚C and explain why i ...
Problem Set 8 Key
... NADH and FADH2. Each of these can produce ATP energy. The electrons on NADH and FADH2 can be directly moved into the Mito Electron Transport Chain, while Acetyl CoA will enter the TCA cycle. e. How many molecules of ATP can be generated from the complete oxidation of this molecule? Assume that the p ...
... NADH and FADH2. Each of these can produce ATP energy. The electrons on NADH and FADH2 can be directly moved into the Mito Electron Transport Chain, while Acetyl CoA will enter the TCA cycle. e. How many molecules of ATP can be generated from the complete oxidation of this molecule? Assume that the p ...
Respiration chapt07
... – not all molecules are as readily reduced as O2 – other final electron acceptors may be reduced to produce harmful products • fermentation of organic molecules produces acids ...
... – not all molecules are as readily reduced as O2 – other final electron acceptors may be reduced to produce harmful products • fermentation of organic molecules produces acids ...
Enzymes
... -If pH of the substrate is higher or lower than optimum pH (highest enzyme activity) denaturation happens; enzyme becomes ineffective. -Different enzymes may have different optimum pH’s ...
... -If pH of the substrate is higher or lower than optimum pH (highest enzyme activity) denaturation happens; enzyme becomes ineffective. -Different enzymes may have different optimum pH’s ...
free energy - Thunderbird High School
... • To do work, cells manage energy resources by energy coupling, the use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one • Most energy coupling in cells is mediated by ATP Give an example of each type of work. chemical transport mechanical ...
... • To do work, cells manage energy resources by energy coupling, the use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one • Most energy coupling in cells is mediated by ATP Give an example of each type of work. chemical transport mechanical ...
Enzyme
... --- inhibitor attaches to the enzyme by covalent bonds. Ex. Toxins and poisons. (the small molecule from a nerve gas, sarin, binds covalently to the R group on the amino acid serine which is found in the active site of acetylcholinesterase, and enzyme important in the nervous system) ...
... --- inhibitor attaches to the enzyme by covalent bonds. Ex. Toxins and poisons. (the small molecule from a nerve gas, sarin, binds covalently to the R group on the amino acid serine which is found in the active site of acetylcholinesterase, and enzyme important in the nervous system) ...
Lecture_5a_ Catalysis . ppt - University of Massachusetts
... the oxygen atom acquires a net negative charge. The four atoms now bonded to the carbonyl carbon are arranged as a tetrahedron. Transfer of a proton from Ser195 to His57 is facilitated by Asp102 which (i) precisely orients the imidazole ring of His57 and (ii) partly neutralizes the positive charge t ...
... the oxygen atom acquires a net negative charge. The four atoms now bonded to the carbonyl carbon are arranged as a tetrahedron. Transfer of a proton from Ser195 to His57 is facilitated by Asp102 which (i) precisely orients the imidazole ring of His57 and (ii) partly neutralizes the positive charge t ...
Lipid Synthesis 1. Fatty acid synthesis
... Fatty acids are a more efficient form of energy storage than carbohydrates because they are less hydrated, as result of fewer hydroxyl groups being available for hydrogen bonding. The energy content of fat tissue is 38 kJ/gm compared to 17 kJ/gm for carbohydrates. The processes of fatty acid degrada ...
... Fatty acids are a more efficient form of energy storage than carbohydrates because they are less hydrated, as result of fewer hydroxyl groups being available for hydrogen bonding. The energy content of fat tissue is 38 kJ/gm compared to 17 kJ/gm for carbohydrates. The processes of fatty acid degrada ...
FST 202: Food Biochemistry 3 Units A. Carbohydrate
... Unsaturated fatty acids resemble saturated fatty acids, except that the chain has one or more doublebonds between carbon atoms. The two carbon atoms in the chain that are bound next to either side of the double bond can occur in a cis or trans configuration. A cis configuration means that adjacent h ...
... Unsaturated fatty acids resemble saturated fatty acids, except that the chain has one or more doublebonds between carbon atoms. The two carbon atoms in the chain that are bound next to either side of the double bond can occur in a cis or trans configuration. A cis configuration means that adjacent h ...
Original
... B. By Hans Krebs (1900-1981), German biochemist C. 5 main steps; in eukaryotic cells - all steps occur in mitochondrial matrix 1) 2C molecule of acetyl CoA + 4C compound oxaloacetic acid 6C citric acid a. Regenerates coenzyme A 2) Citric acid releases 1CO2 + H atom 5C compound a. By losing H ato ...
... B. By Hans Krebs (1900-1981), German biochemist C. 5 main steps; in eukaryotic cells - all steps occur in mitochondrial matrix 1) 2C molecule of acetyl CoA + 4C compound oxaloacetic acid 6C citric acid a. Regenerates coenzyme A 2) Citric acid releases 1CO2 + H atom 5C compound a. By losing H ato ...
Chapters 10 and 11 Enzymes Enzymes are specialized proteins that
... Mechanism of Catalysis All chemical reactions have a potential energy barrier and thus an activation energy. Enzymes lower the activation energies of reactions. This can be accomplished in a variety of ways, as exemplified by the following: 1) Acid-Base Catalysis The body does not have free H+ or OH ...
... Mechanism of Catalysis All chemical reactions have a potential energy barrier and thus an activation energy. Enzymes lower the activation energies of reactions. This can be accomplished in a variety of ways, as exemplified by the following: 1) Acid-Base Catalysis The body does not have free H+ or OH ...
Chapter 17
... • Metabolic control before physical activity – Avoid exercise if fasting glucose is >300 mg/dl (or >250 mg/dl with ketosis) – Ingest carbohydrates if glucose is <100 mg/dl • Blood glucose monitoring before and after exercise – Identify when changes in insulin or food intake is needed – Learn how blo ...
... • Metabolic control before physical activity – Avoid exercise if fasting glucose is >300 mg/dl (or >250 mg/dl with ketosis) – Ingest carbohydrates if glucose is <100 mg/dl • Blood glucose monitoring before and after exercise – Identify when changes in insulin or food intake is needed – Learn how blo ...
All 3 fates of pyruvate from glycolysis provide for the regeneration of
... The Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) DNA & RNA need 5-C sugar ribose, formed in pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). PPP is a network of reactions (Glycolysis is largely a straight-thru pathway). We can make different products depending upon body’s needs. PPP generates various sugars (e.g. ribose), & al ...
... The Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) DNA & RNA need 5-C sugar ribose, formed in pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). PPP is a network of reactions (Glycolysis is largely a straight-thru pathway). We can make different products depending upon body’s needs. PPP generates various sugars (e.g. ribose), & al ...
study guide 009
... 7. Explain how redox reactions are involved in energy exchanges. 8. Explain why organic molecules that have an abundance of hydrogen are excellent cellular fuels. 9. Describe the role of NAD+ and the electron transport chain during respiration. 10. Describe the cellular regions where glycolysis, the ...
... 7. Explain how redox reactions are involved in energy exchanges. 8. Explain why organic molecules that have an abundance of hydrogen are excellent cellular fuels. 9. Describe the role of NAD+ and the electron transport chain during respiration. 10. Describe the cellular regions where glycolysis, the ...
acetyl CoA
... In aerobic conditions, pyruvate (3 C) is transferred inside the mitochondria, where the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex transforms it into acetylCoA. Pyruvate + NAD+ + CoA ...
... In aerobic conditions, pyruvate (3 C) is transferred inside the mitochondria, where the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex transforms it into acetylCoA. Pyruvate + NAD+ + CoA ...
Basal metabolic rate
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the minimal rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest. (McNab, B. K. 1997). On the Utility of Uniformity in the Definition of Basal Rate of Metabolism. Physiol. Zool. Vol.70; Metabolism refers to the processes that the body needs to function. Basal Metabolic Rate is the amount of energy expressed in calories that a person needs to keep the body functioning at rest. Some of those processes are breathing, blood circulation, controlling body temperature, cell growth, brain and nerve function, and contraction of muscles. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) affects the rate that a person burns calories and ultimately whether you maintain, gain, or lose weight. Your basal metabolic rate accounts for about 60 to 75% of the calories you burn every day. It is influenced by several factors.