Synthesis and elongation of fatty acids
... • Essential in all organisms except archaea • Constituents of membranes • Posttranslational protein modification (myristoylation, palmitoylation) • Storage of chemical energy (TAG, sterolesters) ...
... • Essential in all organisms except archaea • Constituents of membranes • Posttranslational protein modification (myristoylation, palmitoylation) • Storage of chemical energy (TAG, sterolesters) ...
Enzyme - Wesleyan College Faculty
... (b) Second law of thermodynamics: Every energy transfer or transformation increases the disorder (entropy) of the universe. For example, disorder is added to the cheetah’s surroundings in the form of heat and the small molecules that are the by-products of metabolism. ...
... (b) Second law of thermodynamics: Every energy transfer or transformation increases the disorder (entropy) of the universe. For example, disorder is added to the cheetah’s surroundings in the form of heat and the small molecules that are the by-products of metabolism. ...
sheet#11
... rich compound. So, to extract its energy, it gets oxidized to acetyl CoA which in return enters the TCA cycle in aerobic cells. So as we see, glycolysis does not include production or consumption of CO2. It starts with one molecule of glucose "6 carbons", and ends with 2 molecules of pyruvate "3 ca ...
... rich compound. So, to extract its energy, it gets oxidized to acetyl CoA which in return enters the TCA cycle in aerobic cells. So as we see, glycolysis does not include production or consumption of CO2. It starts with one molecule of glucose "6 carbons", and ends with 2 molecules of pyruvate "3 ca ...
Cellular Respiration
... •The mechanism of ATP generation by ATP synthase is still an area of active investigation. •As hydrogen ions flow down their gradient, they cause the cylinder portion and attached rod of ATP synthase to rotate. •The spinning rod causes a conformational change in the knob region, activating catalytic ...
... •The mechanism of ATP generation by ATP synthase is still an area of active investigation. •As hydrogen ions flow down their gradient, they cause the cylinder portion and attached rod of ATP synthase to rotate. •The spinning rod causes a conformational change in the knob region, activating catalytic ...
Q26to35
... D. Activated glucose residues on UDP-glucose form glycosidic bonds with the C-4 ends of the growing glycogen chain same as B ...
... D. Activated glucose residues on UDP-glucose form glycosidic bonds with the C-4 ends of the growing glycogen chain same as B ...
Surprising variety in energy metabolism within Trypanosomatidae
... The energy metabolism of trypanosomatids varies considerably, not only between species but also between distinct life cycle stages of the same species [5,16]. It has been suggested that the use of glycolysis solely, versus a more complex (mitochondrial) energy metabolism, correlates with the abundan ...
... The energy metabolism of trypanosomatids varies considerably, not only between species but also between distinct life cycle stages of the same species [5,16]. It has been suggested that the use of glycolysis solely, versus a more complex (mitochondrial) energy metabolism, correlates with the abundan ...
40_Biochemical functions of liver
... • 3. The synthesis of proteins (proteins of plasma of blood among them), their deposition, transamination and desamination of aminoacids, the formation of urea, the synthesis of creatinine. • 4. The synthesis of glycogene from monosaccharides. • 5. The oxidation of fatty acids, the formation of acet ...
... • 3. The synthesis of proteins (proteins of plasma of blood among them), their deposition, transamination and desamination of aminoacids, the formation of urea, the synthesis of creatinine. • 4. The synthesis of glycogene from monosaccharides. • 5. The oxidation of fatty acids, the formation of acet ...
PG1005 Lecture 12 Kreb`s Citric Acid Cycle
... cytosol to the establishment of electron harvesting reactions in the mitochondrial matrix • To revise the general mechanisms of glucose uptake. • To describe the enzymatic reactions occurring at each step of Kreb’s Citric Acid Cycle (KCAC). (substrates, enzymes, products, reaction types) • To hig ...
... cytosol to the establishment of electron harvesting reactions in the mitochondrial matrix • To revise the general mechanisms of glucose uptake. • To describe the enzymatic reactions occurring at each step of Kreb’s Citric Acid Cycle (KCAC). (substrates, enzymes, products, reaction types) • To hig ...
Chapter 7 How Cells Release Chemical energy
... transport pyruvate from the cytoplasm, across both mitochondrial membranes, to the inner compartment. Six carbon atoms enter these reactions (in two pyruvate), and six leave (in six CO2). Many coenzymes form. ...
... transport pyruvate from the cytoplasm, across both mitochondrial membranes, to the inner compartment. Six carbon atoms enter these reactions (in two pyruvate), and six leave (in six CO2). Many coenzymes form. ...
The role of photosynthesis and amino acid metabolism in the energy
... Under normal conditions, respiration depends on the oxidation of carbohydrates. However, during situations in which carbohydrate supply is limited, the plant cell can modify its metabolism to utilize alternative respiratory substrates. Among these substrates are proteins. Protein degradation is a hi ...
... Under normal conditions, respiration depends on the oxidation of carbohydrates. However, during situations in which carbohydrate supply is limited, the plant cell can modify its metabolism to utilize alternative respiratory substrates. Among these substrates are proteins. Protein degradation is a hi ...
Nerve activates contraction
... synthesis via the proton gradient and ATP synthase. This occurs primarily in the presence of oxygen. Chemiosmosisthe phosphorylation of ADP to ATP occurring when protons that are following a concentration gradient contact ATP synthase. ...
... synthesis via the proton gradient and ATP synthase. This occurs primarily in the presence of oxygen. Chemiosmosisthe phosphorylation of ADP to ATP occurring when protons that are following a concentration gradient contact ATP synthase. ...
Chapter 25 LIPID METABOLISM
... • β-oxidation occurs both in mitochondria and in peroxisomes • Peroxisomes: Shortening of very-long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) for subsequent transport and oxidation in ...
... • β-oxidation occurs both in mitochondria and in peroxisomes • Peroxisomes: Shortening of very-long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) for subsequent transport and oxidation in ...
Cellular Respiration
... Each NADH & H+ converts to 3 ATP. Each FADH2 converts to 2 ATP (enters the ETC at a lower level than NADH & H+). ...
... Each NADH & H+ converts to 3 ATP. Each FADH2 converts to 2 ATP (enters the ETC at a lower level than NADH & H+). ...
Chapter 3: The Chemical Basis for Life Lesson 3.2: Organic
... the element. As shown in Figure 3.10, at the center of an atom is a nucleus. The nucleus contains positively charged particles called protons and electrically neutral particles called neutrons. Surrounding the nucleus is a much larger electron cloud consisting of negatively charged electrons. Electr ...
... the element. As shown in Figure 3.10, at the center of an atom is a nucleus. The nucleus contains positively charged particles called protons and electrically neutral particles called neutrons. Surrounding the nucleus is a much larger electron cloud consisting of negatively charged electrons. Electr ...
Lecture 6
... A. Nothing could live B. No animals could live C. Nothing nonphotosynthetic could live D. Everything could live ...
... A. Nothing could live B. No animals could live C. Nothing nonphotosynthetic could live D. Everything could live ...
Comparing Fermentation with Anaerobic and
... All use glycolysis (net ATP 2) to oxidize glucose and harvest chemical energy of food In all three, NAD is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis The processes have different final electron acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde) in fermentati ...
... All use glycolysis (net ATP 2) to oxidize glucose and harvest chemical energy of food In all three, NAD is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis The processes have different final electron acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde) in fermentati ...
fermentation
... When no air is present or readily available, a cell must still create ATP so it can perform other functions of life. This is where fermentation comes in to play. Glycolysis is the only reaction in aerobic respiration that requires no oxygen to move forward; it requires only a constant source of NAD+ ...
... When no air is present or readily available, a cell must still create ATP so it can perform other functions of life. This is where fermentation comes in to play. Glycolysis is the only reaction in aerobic respiration that requires no oxygen to move forward; it requires only a constant source of NAD+ ...
Document
... Organization of Chemistry of life into metabolic pathways- metabolism all chemical reactions within a cell, catabolic and anabolic pathways 8.2 Forms of energy- kinetic, potential, chemical Fig. 8.5 the relationship of free energy to stability Fig. 8.7 c) Equilibrium and work in closed and open syst ...
... Organization of Chemistry of life into metabolic pathways- metabolism all chemical reactions within a cell, catabolic and anabolic pathways 8.2 Forms of energy- kinetic, potential, chemical Fig. 8.5 the relationship of free energy to stability Fig. 8.7 c) Equilibrium and work in closed and open syst ...
Chapter 6
... Energy from Carbohydrates • When glucose is transported to the liver, it is: • Phosphorylated and metabolized for energy or stored as glycogen • Released into circulation for other cells to use as fuel or stored as glycogen (muscle tissue) • Converted to fatty acids, if glucose exceeds energy needs ...
... Energy from Carbohydrates • When glucose is transported to the liver, it is: • Phosphorylated and metabolized for energy or stored as glycogen • Released into circulation for other cells to use as fuel or stored as glycogen (muscle tissue) • Converted to fatty acids, if glucose exceeds energy needs ...
biochem 47 A [3-20
... and now it uses them too rapidly => NADH accumulation in the mitochondria and amounts of Acetyl CoA => inhibit pyruvate dehydrogenase => increased production of lactate (further acidifies) c. As pH goes down, it becomes harder to maintain ion gradients across the sarcolemma; the heart uses its ATP t ...
... and now it uses them too rapidly => NADH accumulation in the mitochondria and amounts of Acetyl CoA => inhibit pyruvate dehydrogenase => increased production of lactate (further acidifies) c. As pH goes down, it becomes harder to maintain ion gradients across the sarcolemma; the heart uses its ATP t ...
products
... • This requires energy from 2 ATP‘S, which have to be borrowed from the cell. • Also, the Hydrogen from glucose is added to the electron carrier NAD+. H+ is added to NAD+ to become NADH. This is called a reduction. (gain of electrons) • The PRODUCTS of Glycolysis are: • 2 ATP, 2 NADH & 2 PYRUVATES • ...
... • This requires energy from 2 ATP‘S, which have to be borrowed from the cell. • Also, the Hydrogen from glucose is added to the electron carrier NAD+. H+ is added to NAD+ to become NADH. This is called a reduction. (gain of electrons) • The PRODUCTS of Glycolysis are: • 2 ATP, 2 NADH & 2 PYRUVATES • ...
What Is Food Science? - NFSC Faculty Website
... Water Activity Enzymes need free water to operate Low Aw foods have very slow enzyme reactions Ionic Strength Some ions may be needed by active sites on the protein Ions ...
... Water Activity Enzymes need free water to operate Low Aw foods have very slow enzyme reactions Ionic Strength Some ions may be needed by active sites on the protein Ions ...
File
... The values of RQ to be expected vary depending of which substances are broken down by respiration. • Carbohydrates (glucose) 1.0 • protein 0.9 • fat (lipids) 0.7 • Under normal conditions the human RQ is in the range of 0.8-0.9, indicating that some fats and proteins, as well as carbohydrates, are ...
... The values of RQ to be expected vary depending of which substances are broken down by respiration. • Carbohydrates (glucose) 1.0 • protein 0.9 • fat (lipids) 0.7 • Under normal conditions the human RQ is in the range of 0.8-0.9, indicating that some fats and proteins, as well as carbohydrates, are ...
Week 03 Lecture notes
... Metabolite molecules such as amino acids and sugars can be transported into cells against their concentration gradients by coupling the intake of the metabolite to the inward movement of an ion moving down its concentration gradient, this ion gradient being established using ATP. ...
... Metabolite molecules such as amino acids and sugars can be transported into cells against their concentration gradients by coupling the intake of the metabolite to the inward movement of an ion moving down its concentration gradient, this ion gradient being established using ATP. ...
Basal metabolic rate
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the minimal rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest. (McNab, B. K. 1997). On the Utility of Uniformity in the Definition of Basal Rate of Metabolism. Physiol. Zool. Vol.70; Metabolism refers to the processes that the body needs to function. Basal Metabolic Rate is the amount of energy expressed in calories that a person needs to keep the body functioning at rest. Some of those processes are breathing, blood circulation, controlling body temperature, cell growth, brain and nerve function, and contraction of muscles. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) affects the rate that a person burns calories and ultimately whether you maintain, gain, or lose weight. Your basal metabolic rate accounts for about 60 to 75% of the calories you burn every day. It is influenced by several factors.