Investigation of factors affecting aerobic and respiratory
... • POX, NOX and NPR activities were higher in respiratory cells and lower in aerobically grown cells in presence of 60% dO2, probably because of inhibition of enzyme synthesis by oxygen and H2O2 accumulation. • The highest activities for all enzymes were measured at the end of exponential phases (7 ...
... • POX, NOX and NPR activities were higher in respiratory cells and lower in aerobically grown cells in presence of 60% dO2, probably because of inhibition of enzyme synthesis by oxygen and H2O2 accumulation. • The highest activities for all enzymes were measured at the end of exponential phases (7 ...
Methods for Determining the Biochemical Activities of Micro
... groups. It can be argued that fundamentally they are all biochemical. The toxins whose modes of action have been elucidated have been shown to be enzymes and there is no reason to suppose that collagenase and hyaluronidase are any less or more important than urease or glutamic acid decarboxylase. Ev ...
... groups. It can be argued that fundamentally they are all biochemical. The toxins whose modes of action have been elucidated have been shown to be enzymes and there is no reason to suppose that collagenase and hyaluronidase are any less or more important than urease or glutamic acid decarboxylase. Ev ...
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
... Electrons carried to the inner membrane by NADH and FADH are dropped off at the beginning As the electrons are passed along, their energy is used to pump H+ ions out of the matrix and into the intermembrane space creating a Conc. Gradient The only way back into the matrix for H+ ions is through a pr ...
... Electrons carried to the inner membrane by NADH and FADH are dropped off at the beginning As the electrons are passed along, their energy is used to pump H+ ions out of the matrix and into the intermembrane space creating a Conc. Gradient The only way back into the matrix for H+ ions is through a pr ...
Gas in the Digestive Tract - Heritage Valley Health System
... while rice does not. Soluble fiber (found in oat bran, peas and other legumes, beans, and most fruit) also cause gas. Some laxatives contain soluble fiber and may cause gas, particularly during the first few weeks of use. Individuals vary in their ability to digest carbohydrates. A classic example i ...
... while rice does not. Soluble fiber (found in oat bran, peas and other legumes, beans, and most fruit) also cause gas. Some laxatives contain soluble fiber and may cause gas, particularly during the first few weeks of use. Individuals vary in their ability to digest carbohydrates. A classic example i ...
For lecture notes click here
... Fatty acid molecules are broken down into two-carbon fragments in a sequence of reactions known as betaoxidation This process occurs inside mitochondria, so the carbon chains can enter the TCA cycle immediately Each step generates molecules of acetyl-CoA, NADH, and FADH2, leaving a shorter car ...
... Fatty acid molecules are broken down into two-carbon fragments in a sequence of reactions known as betaoxidation This process occurs inside mitochondria, so the carbon chains can enter the TCA cycle immediately Each step generates molecules of acetyl-CoA, NADH, and FADH2, leaving a shorter car ...
inflammatory molecules
... So what would happen if we gave a patient a large dose of aspirin or Coxib to reduce inflammation/pain in these tissues? ...
... So what would happen if we gave a patient a large dose of aspirin or Coxib to reduce inflammation/pain in these tissues? ...
Title Detection of osteopontin as matrix protein in calcium
... formation of struvite stones as with uric acid stones, and therefore, OPN with affinity for calcium ions was not necessary. Another possibility is degradation of OPN in the formation process of struvite stones. Further studies are necessary. On the other hand, the lack of a definite band in Fig. 4 s ...
... formation of struvite stones as with uric acid stones, and therefore, OPN with affinity for calcium ions was not necessary. Another possibility is degradation of OPN in the formation process of struvite stones. Further studies are necessary. On the other hand, the lack of a definite band in Fig. 4 s ...
carbohydrate metabolism
... • Reactions of Glycolysis take place in the cytosol of cells • Unique; it can utilize O2 if available and can also work in the absence of O2 • Glycolytic sequence of reactions differ from one specie to another only in: 1. how the rate is regulated 2. subsequent metabolic fate of pyruvate formed • B ...
... • Reactions of Glycolysis take place in the cytosol of cells • Unique; it can utilize O2 if available and can also work in the absence of O2 • Glycolytic sequence of reactions differ from one specie to another only in: 1. how the rate is regulated 2. subsequent metabolic fate of pyruvate formed • B ...
COT102 Decision Document draft only
... The cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA) including sterculic, malvalic, and dihydrosterculic are unique fatty acids in cotton that are considered undesirable, anti-nutrients (OECD, 2008) Regulatory Decision After reviewing the scientific data and information relevant to the application of Syngenta Phil ...
... The cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA) including sterculic, malvalic, and dihydrosterculic are unique fatty acids in cotton that are considered undesirable, anti-nutrients (OECD, 2008) Regulatory Decision After reviewing the scientific data and information relevant to the application of Syngenta Phil ...
innovation in fog control in restaurants
... How the FOG control system works • “White Knight™” is a patented technology designed to continuously inoculate treatment vessels with large numbers of very powerful non-pathogenic cultures of IOS500 bacteria and generate enzymes. • Airlift mixing recirculation and fine bubble aeration principles br ...
... How the FOG control system works • “White Knight™” is a patented technology designed to continuously inoculate treatment vessels with large numbers of very powerful non-pathogenic cultures of IOS500 bacteria and generate enzymes. • Airlift mixing recirculation and fine bubble aeration principles br ...
Non-Essential Amino Acids
... (intermediate products of digestion) • After about 4 hours in stomach, a thick, soupy liquid called chyme remains which travels through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum. ...
... (intermediate products of digestion) • After about 4 hours in stomach, a thick, soupy liquid called chyme remains which travels through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum. ...
Soyfoods and high quality protein
... Protein is an important nutrient needed for the growth and repair of all body cells including organs, muscles, tissues, skin and hair. It’s also required for hormones, enzymes and bodily fluids such as blood. All proteins are made up of chains of amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of p ...
... Protein is an important nutrient needed for the growth and repair of all body cells including organs, muscles, tissues, skin and hair. It’s also required for hormones, enzymes and bodily fluids such as blood. All proteins are made up of chains of amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of p ...
METABOLIC PATHWAYS Section 6 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF
... result to convert to two identical three carbon molecules e. 1, 3 diphosphoglycerate forms 2 phosphoglyceric acid and transfers a phosphate radical to ADP forming ATP f. phosphoenolpruvate form pyruvic acid and forms another ATP molecule 3. aerobic and anerobic metabolism a. three energy rich ATP mo ...
... result to convert to two identical three carbon molecules e. 1, 3 diphosphoglycerate forms 2 phosphoglyceric acid and transfers a phosphate radical to ADP forming ATP f. phosphoenolpruvate form pyruvic acid and forms another ATP molecule 3. aerobic and anerobic metabolism a. three energy rich ATP mo ...
Food Fermentation
... including yeast and many bacteria, can survive using either fermentation or respiration. ...
... including yeast and many bacteria, can survive using either fermentation or respiration. ...
Methods in Cell Biology
... Radioactive probe (amino acids, nucleotides) Specimen must be alive to monitor metabolic events Can be used with other stains Slide dipped in photographic emulsion & developed Silver grains where radioactive material is present in ...
... Radioactive probe (amino acids, nucleotides) Specimen must be alive to monitor metabolic events Can be used with other stains Slide dipped in photographic emulsion & developed Silver grains where radioactive material is present in ...
Chapter 5- Enzymes State Standard Standard 1.b. – Enzymes
... Food rots when microbes break down food molecules. Food preservation methods interfere with the enzyme activity of microbes and prevent them from surviving. 4. Explain how each of the following would interfere with enzyme activity -pickling (soaking in acetic acid) -salting -canning (heating) Cofact ...
... Food rots when microbes break down food molecules. Food preservation methods interfere with the enzyme activity of microbes and prevent them from surviving. 4. Explain how each of the following would interfere with enzyme activity -pickling (soaking in acetic acid) -salting -canning (heating) Cofact ...
a proprietary enzyme blend designed
... issues associaTed WiTh subsTanTial proTein inTake The endogenous enzymes created by the body during the digestive process work efficiently, but do not have a lot of time to take effect before the protein moves farther down the digestive tract. This is especially true in cases where a large amount o ...
... issues associaTed WiTh subsTanTial proTein inTake The endogenous enzymes created by the body during the digestive process work efficiently, but do not have a lot of time to take effect before the protein moves farther down the digestive tract. This is especially true in cases where a large amount o ...
November 2003
... 3. The following procedure demonstrates the effect of pH on the activity of the enzyme trypsin. • 10 ml of a protein solution is added to each of five numbered test tubes, each of which is buffered at a different pH. • The pH of each of the test tubes is maintained. • An equal amount of a trypsin s ...
... 3. The following procedure demonstrates the effect of pH on the activity of the enzyme trypsin. • 10 ml of a protein solution is added to each of five numbered test tubes, each of which is buffered at a different pH. • The pH of each of the test tubes is maintained. • An equal amount of a trypsin s ...
Nutritional Biochemistry
... Some fatty acids are linoleic, linolenic, and stearic. An acid group, also called carboxylic group has a formula of COOH. The part of the molecule with an acid group is water soluble. A methyl group has a formula of CH3 and that portion is lipid soluble. A hydrocarbon is a combination of methyl grou ...
... Some fatty acids are linoleic, linolenic, and stearic. An acid group, also called carboxylic group has a formula of COOH. The part of the molecule with an acid group is water soluble. A methyl group has a formula of CH3 and that portion is lipid soluble. A hydrocarbon is a combination of methyl grou ...
Enzymes in Food Technology
... • Asparaginase has been shown to work in both hard and short doughs, and at temperatures between 10°C and 40°C. • Acrylamide reduction of 50-90% was seen for the different recipes and process parameters. • For cereal food applications, enzyme performance is dependant upon processing conditions, for ...
... • Asparaginase has been shown to work in both hard and short doughs, and at temperatures between 10°C and 40°C. • Acrylamide reduction of 50-90% was seen for the different recipes and process parameters. • For cereal food applications, enzyme performance is dependant upon processing conditions, for ...
Chemical Analysis in the New Zealand Dairy Industry
... individual classes are analysed and totalled together, they seldom add to exactly 100%. This is due to the experimental errors in carrying out the test and the known systematic errors in the determination of most components which are particularly important in the case of mineral salts (usually deter ...
... individual classes are analysed and totalled together, they seldom add to exactly 100%. This is due to the experimental errors in carrying out the test and the known systematic errors in the determination of most components which are particularly important in the case of mineral salts (usually deter ...
Microbiology Of Fermented Foods and Beverages by momina
... the net electrical charge is zero and protein is at a point where it has lowest solubility. ...
... the net electrical charge is zero and protein is at a point where it has lowest solubility. ...
Clostridia
... Pectins are linear polysaccharides derived from galactouronic acid units, where some of the carboxylic acid groups are esterified with methanol. During fermentation, the ester groups are hydrolyzed, and methanol is released ...
... Pectins are linear polysaccharides derived from galactouronic acid units, where some of the carboxylic acid groups are esterified with methanol. During fermentation, the ester groups are hydrolyzed, and methanol is released ...
Enzyme Vs. Extremozyme -32
... presence of high salt concentration and then the powdered form of freeze-dried enZymes were added into organic solvents which showed' considerable activity. Salt dehydrates the enzyme and sticks to it, shielding it from water. A sufficient amount of water is present to retain suitable charge distrib ...
... presence of high salt concentration and then the powdered form of freeze-dried enZymes were added into organic solvents which showed' considerable activity. Salt dehydrates the enzyme and sticks to it, shielding it from water. A sufficient amount of water is present to retain suitable charge distrib ...
Digestion
Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma. In certain organisms, these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream. Digestion is a form of catabolism that is often divided into two processes based on how food is broken down: mechanical and chemical digestion. The term mechanical digestion refers to the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces which can subsequently be accessed by digestive enzymes. In chemical digestion, enzymes break down food into the small molecules the body can use.In the human digestive system, food enters the mouth and mechanical digestion of the food starts by the action of mastication (chewing), a form of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva. Saliva, a liquid secreted by the salivary glands, contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which starts the digestion of starch in the food; the saliva also contains mucus, which lubricates the food, and hydrogen carbonate, which provides the ideal conditions of pH (alkaline) for amylase to work. After undergoing mastication and starch digestion, the food will be in the form of a small, round slurry mass called a bolus. It will then travel down the esophagus and into the stomach by the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice in the stomach starts protein digestion. Gastric juice mainly contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin. As these two chemicals may damage the stomach wall, mucus is secreted by the stomach, providing a slimy layer that acts as a shield against the damaging effects of the chemicals. At the same time protein digestion is occurring, mechanical mixing occurs by peristalsis, which is waves of muscular contractions that move along the stomach wall. This allows the mass of food to further mix with the digestive enzymes.After some time (typically 1–2 hours in humans, 4–6 hours in dogs, 3–4 hours in house cats), the resulting thick liquid is called chyme. When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile juice from the liver and then passes through the small intestine, in which digestion continues. When the chyme is fully digested, it is absorbed into the blood. 95% of absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine. Water and minerals are reabsorbed back into the blood in the colon (large intestine) where the pH is slightly acidic about 5.6 ~ 6.9. Some vitamins, such as biotin and vitamin K (K2MK7) produced by bacteria in the colon are also absorbed into the blood in the colon. Waste material is eliminated from the rectum during defecation.