presentation source
... B. In the steps of glycolysis two pairs of hydrogens are released. Electrons from these hydrogens reduce two molecules of NAD. ...
... B. In the steps of glycolysis two pairs of hydrogens are released. Electrons from these hydrogens reduce two molecules of NAD. ...
Enzyme - Rubin Gulaboski
... • sucrase breaks down sucrose • proteases breakdown proteins Oh, I get it! • lipases breakdown lipids They end in -ase • DNA polymerase builds DNA ...
... • sucrase breaks down sucrose • proteases breakdown proteins Oh, I get it! • lipases breakdown lipids They end in -ase • DNA polymerase builds DNA ...
CHAPTER 5 THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MACROMOLECULES
... • The repeated units are small molecules called monomers (mono = one). – Some monomers have other functions of their own. ...
... • The repeated units are small molecules called monomers (mono = one). – Some monomers have other functions of their own. ...
Outline06 Metabolism - Napa Valley College
... - fatty acids are synthesized from 2C units of acetyl CoA - fatty acids are combined with glycerol to form triglycerides and phospholipids 3. Tissue Utilization of Fatty Acids - triglycerides are stored mostly in adipose tissue - lipids are transported in the blood by lipoproteins: HDL, LDL - liver, ...
... - fatty acids are synthesized from 2C units of acetyl CoA - fatty acids are combined with glycerol to form triglycerides and phospholipids 3. Tissue Utilization of Fatty Acids - triglycerides are stored mostly in adipose tissue - lipids are transported in the blood by lipoproteins: HDL, LDL - liver, ...
Bingo - GRADE 12 BIOLOGY RESOURCE
... • Open the file in Microsoft PowerPoint. – Go to Slide #2 – Copy the slide as many times as you need it. ...
... • Open the file in Microsoft PowerPoint. – Go to Slide #2 – Copy the slide as many times as you need it. ...
Chapter 8 Enzyme PPT
... Competitive inhibitor: binds to the active site of an enzyme, competes with substrate Noncompetitive inhibitor: binds to another part of an enzyme enzyme changes shape active site is nonfunctional ...
... Competitive inhibitor: binds to the active site of an enzyme, competes with substrate Noncompetitive inhibitor: binds to another part of an enzyme enzyme changes shape active site is nonfunctional ...
Enzymes lecture 2
... main enzyme that synthesizes and hydrolyzes cyclic adenosine 5'-diphosphate-ribose (cADPR), an intracellular Ca(2+)-mobilizing messenger. CD38 is thought to be a type II transmembrane protein with its carboxyl-terminal catalytic domain located on the outside of the cell; thus, the mechanism by which ...
... main enzyme that synthesizes and hydrolyzes cyclic adenosine 5'-diphosphate-ribose (cADPR), an intracellular Ca(2+)-mobilizing messenger. CD38 is thought to be a type II transmembrane protein with its carboxyl-terminal catalytic domain located on the outside of the cell; thus, the mechanism by which ...
Chapter 29 The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways
... The phosphate esters that are formed are intermediates in further processes Nature uses phosphates the way chemists use tosylates (to make an OH into a leaving group) ...
... The phosphate esters that are formed are intermediates in further processes Nature uses phosphates the way chemists use tosylates (to make an OH into a leaving group) ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism
... 1 (PFK-1) is the most important control point and the rate – limiting step of glycolysis. This enzyme is activated by AMP and F-2, 6 – P and inhibited by ATP and citrate. 4- Cleavage of fructose 1, 6 – bisphosphate, to form the triose phosphate: glyceraldehyde 3 – phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phos ...
... 1 (PFK-1) is the most important control point and the rate – limiting step of glycolysis. This enzyme is activated by AMP and F-2, 6 – P and inhibited by ATP and citrate. 4- Cleavage of fructose 1, 6 – bisphosphate, to form the triose phosphate: glyceraldehyde 3 – phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phos ...
Allergies and the Gut
... There is ever-growing evidence that function of the immune system is modulated by an individual’s nutritional status and it makes sense to realise that the immune system cannot function optimally if it does not receive the right nutrition4. Many nutrients are required for a balanced immune response; ...
... There is ever-growing evidence that function of the immune system is modulated by an individual’s nutritional status and it makes sense to realise that the immune system cannot function optimally if it does not receive the right nutrition4. Many nutrients are required for a balanced immune response; ...
MACROMOLECULES - Savitha Sastry
... • Plants use starch to store energy (bulky); seeds have oil • Animals – store energy as fat • Insulation; Protect vital organs • Absorption of Vitamins K, E, D, A ...
... • Plants use starch to store energy (bulky); seeds have oil • Animals – store energy as fat • Insulation; Protect vital organs • Absorption of Vitamins K, E, D, A ...
anaerobic and aerobic respiration
... Fermentation has always been an important part of our lives: foods can be spoiled by microbial fermentations, foods can be made by microbial fermentations, and muscle cells use fermentation to provide us with quick responses. Fermentation gives us the basic food, bread, alcoholic beverages and dairy ...
... Fermentation has always been an important part of our lives: foods can be spoiled by microbial fermentations, foods can be made by microbial fermentations, and muscle cells use fermentation to provide us with quick responses. Fermentation gives us the basic food, bread, alcoholic beverages and dairy ...
Cholesterol and Lipid T Port
... cholesterol can then be lost as bile - nascent HDL is devoid of cholesterol esters - picks up from tissue by LCAT ( lecithin:cholesterol acyl transferase)transfers FA from phosphatidyl choline onto unesterified cholesterol. - LCAT activated by apoA - cholesterol esters then transferred to VLDL and L ...
... cholesterol can then be lost as bile - nascent HDL is devoid of cholesterol esters - picks up from tissue by LCAT ( lecithin:cholesterol acyl transferase)transfers FA from phosphatidyl choline onto unesterified cholesterol. - LCAT activated by apoA - cholesterol esters then transferred to VLDL and L ...
Biochemistry 3(Dr.Kawa) Polysaccharide (Complex Carbohydrates
... Diabetes mellitus: - Disease characterized by insufficient blood levels of active insulin and this deficiency leads to inability of glucose to enter muscle and liver cells with abnormal metabolism of proteins and fats leading to ketosis and possible diabetic coma. Types of Diabetes mellitus (DM) The ...
... Diabetes mellitus: - Disease characterized by insufficient blood levels of active insulin and this deficiency leads to inability of glucose to enter muscle and liver cells with abnormal metabolism of proteins and fats leading to ketosis and possible diabetic coma. Types of Diabetes mellitus (DM) The ...
Study Questions for Chapter 1 – The Cell
... maximal rate (Vmax) and cannot operate any faster. The substrate concentration that results in the enzyme functioning at ½ its the maximal rate is called the Km. Km can be considered an index of the affinity an enzyme has for its substrate – a high Km indicates low affinity (i.e., it takes a lot o ...
... maximal rate (Vmax) and cannot operate any faster. The substrate concentration that results in the enzyme functioning at ½ its the maximal rate is called the Km. Km can be considered an index of the affinity an enzyme has for its substrate – a high Km indicates low affinity (i.e., it takes a lot o ...
![ENZYME STUDIES ON CHROMOSOMES [ 40 ]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/014732643_1-e9d17fc683e9a2a2c6089408e8c4313b-300x300.png)
ENZYME STUDIES ON CHROMOSOMES [ 40 ]
... attack on the same bonds in a fiber? Or are these bonds so placed in the fiber that the fiber continues as such even though many peptide linkages are opened? Are these conditions which do not seem to favor digestion favorable to synthesis? This is the most interesting question of all. If the enzyme ...
... attack on the same bonds in a fiber? Or are these bonds so placed in the fiber that the fiber continues as such even though many peptide linkages are opened? Are these conditions which do not seem to favor digestion favorable to synthesis? This is the most interesting question of all. If the enzyme ...
Co-enzyme
... results from the shape of the enzyme –due to a compatible fit between the active site and the substrate • The substrate binds to the “active site” of the ...
... results from the shape of the enzyme –due to a compatible fit between the active site and the substrate • The substrate binds to the “active site” of the ...
lecture_ch02_2014 modified
... and activators are chemicals that bind to enzymes, and by blocking the active site or altering the shape or structure of the enzyme can change the rate at which the enzyme catalyzes ...
... and activators are chemicals that bind to enzymes, and by blocking the active site or altering the shape or structure of the enzyme can change the rate at which the enzyme catalyzes ...
Monomeric state and ligand binding of recombinant GABA transporter Xiao-Dan Li
... quenching. Its dissociation constants (Kd ) for GABA, muscimol and nipecotic acid are 13.8, 13.3 and 27.9 WM, respectively. This protein preparation provides ideal starting materials for future biochemical, biophysical and structural studies of the GABA transporter. ß 2001 Published by Elsevier Scie ...
... quenching. Its dissociation constants (Kd ) for GABA, muscimol and nipecotic acid are 13.8, 13.3 and 27.9 WM, respectively. This protein preparation provides ideal starting materials for future biochemical, biophysical and structural studies of the GABA transporter. ß 2001 Published by Elsevier Scie ...
Document
... (2) Which of the purification procedures used for this enzyme is most effective (i.e., gives the greatest relative increase in purity)? (3) Which of the purification procedures is least effective? (4) Is there any indication based on the results shown in the table that the enzyme after step 6 is now ...
... (2) Which of the purification procedures used for this enzyme is most effective (i.e., gives the greatest relative increase in purity)? (3) Which of the purification procedures is least effective? (4) Is there any indication based on the results shown in the table that the enzyme after step 6 is now ...
Protein Nucleic Acids - Sewanhaka Central High School District
... • AIM: How do enzymes catalyze chemical reactions? • DO NOW: 1- Take out your review book hw have it open to page 140. I am checking homework!!!! Choose one of the questions below and complete it Choice 1: Explain how enzymes are built and what they do. CHOICE 2: Since enzymes are _______ they are b ...
... • AIM: How do enzymes catalyze chemical reactions? • DO NOW: 1- Take out your review book hw have it open to page 140. I am checking homework!!!! Choose one of the questions below and complete it Choice 1: Explain how enzymes are built and what they do. CHOICE 2: Since enzymes are _______ they are b ...
Protein structure - Primary
... • Amino Acids are absorbed into blood capillaries in the villi of the small intestine. • These capillaries connect into the portal vein which carries the amino acids to the Liver. • From here the Amino Acids will be sent to (a) replace & repair body cells, (b) form new cells, antibodies, hormones, e ...
... • Amino Acids are absorbed into blood capillaries in the villi of the small intestine. • These capillaries connect into the portal vein which carries the amino acids to the Liver. • From here the Amino Acids will be sent to (a) replace & repair body cells, (b) form new cells, antibodies, hormones, e ...
Structures and mechanisms
... Enzymes are in general globular proteins and range from just 62 amino acid residues in size, for the monomer of 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase,[18] to over 2,500 residues in the animal fatty acid synthase.[19] A small number of RNA-based biological catalysts exist, with the most common being the ribos ...
... Enzymes are in general globular proteins and range from just 62 amino acid residues in size, for the monomer of 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase,[18] to over 2,500 residues in the animal fatty acid synthase.[19] A small number of RNA-based biological catalysts exist, with the most common being the ribos ...
Digestion
Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma. In certain organisms, these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream. Digestion is a form of catabolism that is often divided into two processes based on how food is broken down: mechanical and chemical digestion. The term mechanical digestion refers to the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces which can subsequently be accessed by digestive enzymes. In chemical digestion, enzymes break down food into the small molecules the body can use.In the human digestive system, food enters the mouth and mechanical digestion of the food starts by the action of mastication (chewing), a form of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva. Saliva, a liquid secreted by the salivary glands, contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which starts the digestion of starch in the food; the saliva also contains mucus, which lubricates the food, and hydrogen carbonate, which provides the ideal conditions of pH (alkaline) for amylase to work. After undergoing mastication and starch digestion, the food will be in the form of a small, round slurry mass called a bolus. It will then travel down the esophagus and into the stomach by the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice in the stomach starts protein digestion. Gastric juice mainly contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin. As these two chemicals may damage the stomach wall, mucus is secreted by the stomach, providing a slimy layer that acts as a shield against the damaging effects of the chemicals. At the same time protein digestion is occurring, mechanical mixing occurs by peristalsis, which is waves of muscular contractions that move along the stomach wall. This allows the mass of food to further mix with the digestive enzymes.After some time (typically 1–2 hours in humans, 4–6 hours in dogs, 3–4 hours in house cats), the resulting thick liquid is called chyme. When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile juice from the liver and then passes through the small intestine, in which digestion continues. When the chyme is fully digested, it is absorbed into the blood. 95% of absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine. Water and minerals are reabsorbed back into the blood in the colon (large intestine) where the pH is slightly acidic about 5.6 ~ 6.9. Some vitamins, such as biotin and vitamin K (K2MK7) produced by bacteria in the colon are also absorbed into the blood in the colon. Waste material is eliminated from the rectum during defecation.