Peritoneum and abdominal cavity
... The peritoneum is a transparent membrane that lines the entire abdominopelvic cavity. It consists of two layers. The parietal peritoneum is the outer most layer of the peritoneum and this invests the internal walls of the abdominopelvic cavity. The visceral peritoneum is the inner layer, which inves ...
... The peritoneum is a transparent membrane that lines the entire abdominopelvic cavity. It consists of two layers. The parietal peritoneum is the outer most layer of the peritoneum and this invests the internal walls of the abdominopelvic cavity. The visceral peritoneum is the inner layer, which inves ...
Antioxidants B-Vitamins Minerals
... The performance characteristics of all assays have been verified by Genova Diagnostics, Inc. Unless otherwise noted with ◆, the assay has not been cleared by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. © Genova Diagnostics · A. L. Peace-Brewer, PhD, D(ABMLI), Lab Director · CLIA Lic. #34D0655571 · Medica ...
... The performance characteristics of all assays have been verified by Genova Diagnostics, Inc. Unless otherwise noted with ◆, the assay has not been cleared by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. © Genova Diagnostics · A. L. Peace-Brewer, PhD, D(ABMLI), Lab Director · CLIA Lic. #34D0655571 · Medica ...
Biochemistry - Austin Community College
... • Enzymes that digest starch by hydrolyzing alpha linkages can’t hydrolyze beta linkages in cellulose • Cellulose in human food passes through the digestive tract as insoluble fiber • Some microbes use enzymes to digest cellulose • Many herbivores, from cows to termites, have symbiotic relationships ...
... • Enzymes that digest starch by hydrolyzing alpha linkages can’t hydrolyze beta linkages in cellulose • Cellulose in human food passes through the digestive tract as insoluble fiber • Some microbes use enzymes to digest cellulose • Many herbivores, from cows to termites, have symbiotic relationships ...
Document
... Sample Problem 22.7 Pathways for Pyruvate Identify the pathway(s) that has each of the following characteristics: a. In this pathway, NAD+ is reduced to NADH + H+. b. The product of this pathway contains three carbon atoms. c. NADH is the oxidizing agent in this anaerobic pathway to give a two-carb ...
... Sample Problem 22.7 Pathways for Pyruvate Identify the pathway(s) that has each of the following characteristics: a. In this pathway, NAD+ is reduced to NADH + H+. b. The product of this pathway contains three carbon atoms. c. NADH is the oxidizing agent in this anaerobic pathway to give a two-carb ...
Hand Outs B 1 - University of Wisconsin–Madison
... Protein=a long chain made up of amino acids. Protein is found in food. Protein is also in the body in muscles and enzymes. Amino Acid=a small unit that makes up protein Phenylalanine=one of 20 amino acids. Called “phe” for short. Tyrosine=another amino acid. In someone who does not have PKU, phe get ...
... Protein=a long chain made up of amino acids. Protein is found in food. Protein is also in the body in muscles and enzymes. Amino Acid=a small unit that makes up protein Phenylalanine=one of 20 amino acids. Called “phe” for short. Tyrosine=another amino acid. In someone who does not have PKU, phe get ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism
... VI. Digestion of cellulose: A. Cellulose contains β(1-4) bonds between glucose molecules. ...
... VI. Digestion of cellulose: A. Cellulose contains β(1-4) bonds between glucose molecules. ...
HSC 4572: Selected portions Chapter 6
... 30-60g protein (usually works out to 8-15% of kcal); lower amounts if history of high blood ammonia, or encephalopathy. High quality protein is more desirable (why?) 60-70% kcal as carbohydrate; fruit is encouraged. Usually have to demonstrate how to add extra. Carbs do not need protein carriers for ...
... 30-60g protein (usually works out to 8-15% of kcal); lower amounts if history of high blood ammonia, or encephalopathy. High quality protein is more desirable (why?) 60-70% kcal as carbohydrate; fruit is encouraged. Usually have to demonstrate how to add extra. Carbs do not need protein carriers for ...
Protein digestion and amino acid absorption along
... rainbow trout fed a casein diet, the peptide fraction of the pyloric caeca region contains a maximum of 89 % of total amino acids (Dabrowski et al., 1986). However, the similitude between the stomachless carp (maximal value : 75 %) and the rainbow trout with a stomach could result from the compositi ...
... rainbow trout fed a casein diet, the peptide fraction of the pyloric caeca region contains a maximum of 89 % of total amino acids (Dabrowski et al., 1986). However, the similitude between the stomachless carp (maximal value : 75 %) and the rainbow trout with a stomach could result from the compositi ...
chapter 5 the structure and function of macromolecules
... ° The straight structures built with beta glucose allow H atoms on one strand to form hydrogen bonds with OH groups on other strands. ° In plant cell walls, parallel cellulose molecules held together in this way are grouped into units called microfibrils, which form strong building materials for pla ...
... ° The straight structures built with beta glucose allow H atoms on one strand to form hydrogen bonds with OH groups on other strands. ° In plant cell walls, parallel cellulose molecules held together in this way are grouped into units called microfibrils, which form strong building materials for pla ...
Anatomy and Physiology, 5/e Chapter 27: Nutrition and Metabolism
... This chapter begins by differentiating between the terms nutrition and metabolism. Proper nutrition requires a balance of the three basic food types—carbohydrates, fats, and proteins—plus essential vitamins and minerals. Metabolism, on the other hand, is basically the use the body makes of foods aft ...
... This chapter begins by differentiating between the terms nutrition and metabolism. Proper nutrition requires a balance of the three basic food types—carbohydrates, fats, and proteins—plus essential vitamins and minerals. Metabolism, on the other hand, is basically the use the body makes of foods aft ...
16N-containing Substances
... - The amount of creatinine which excreted to urine is proportional to creatine level in plasma. ...
... - The amount of creatinine which excreted to urine is proportional to creatine level in plasma. ...
Chapter 12 Pathways to biomolecules
... lactase – which breaks down the sugar lactose in the small intestine salivary amylase – which breaks down polysaccharides in the mouth. Almost all the chemical reactions occurring in living creatures are controlled by enzymes. Enzymes speed up the reactions that are essential for life processes by a ...
... lactase – which breaks down the sugar lactose in the small intestine salivary amylase – which breaks down polysaccharides in the mouth. Almost all the chemical reactions occurring in living creatures are controlled by enzymes. Enzymes speed up the reactions that are essential for life processes by a ...
Factors That Influence Microbes in Foods*
... yeast extract [TSAY]) medium under an aerobic or anaerobic atmosphere. Cells that have been heat shocked and recovered on TSAY medium are about four times more heat resistant (as shown by the larger D values) than cells which have not been heat shocked and recovered on McBride’s medium under aerobic ...
... yeast extract [TSAY]) medium under an aerobic or anaerobic atmosphere. Cells that have been heat shocked and recovered on TSAY medium are about four times more heat resistant (as shown by the larger D values) than cells which have not been heat shocked and recovered on McBride’s medium under aerobic ...
lecture4
... We turn now from the metabolism of carbohydrates to that of fatty acids. A fatty acid contains a long hydrocarbon chain and a terminal carboxylate group. Fatty acids have four major physiological roles. First, fatty acids are building blocks of phospholipids and glycolipids. These amphipathic molecu ...
... We turn now from the metabolism of carbohydrates to that of fatty acids. A fatty acid contains a long hydrocarbon chain and a terminal carboxylate group. Fatty acids have four major physiological roles. First, fatty acids are building blocks of phospholipids and glycolipids. These amphipathic molecu ...
What is Food - Merritt Wellness Center
... Unsaturated oils that are not cold pressed or expeller pressed Commercially prepared seed oils (corn, canola, etc.) found in grocery stores are NOT safe to eat. Using high temperatures and chemical solvents to economically extract the oils, they become damaged and rancid. The offensive smells are ...
... Unsaturated oils that are not cold pressed or expeller pressed Commercially prepared seed oils (corn, canola, etc.) found in grocery stores are NOT safe to eat. Using high temperatures and chemical solvents to economically extract the oils, they become damaged and rancid. The offensive smells are ...
the PDF
... different structures. Protein molecules normally consist of several thousand amino acids condensed together so the permutations are endless! (Hence the huge variety of protein structures.) The bodies of living things cleverly build up proteins specific to the bodies’ needs from the supply of amino a ...
... different structures. Protein molecules normally consist of several thousand amino acids condensed together so the permutations are endless! (Hence the huge variety of protein structures.) The bodies of living things cleverly build up proteins specific to the bodies’ needs from the supply of amino a ...
Atoms, Elements, Energy, Bonds, Reactions
... 10 essential in children 8 essential in adults 2 fatty acids What does it use them for? mainly to make organic molecules: proteins carbohydrates fats etc. [not vitamins] What about energy? where does our body get the energy to do this? same So food contains two things: nutrients (=building blocks) e ...
... 10 essential in children 8 essential in adults 2 fatty acids What does it use them for? mainly to make organic molecules: proteins carbohydrates fats etc. [not vitamins] What about energy? where does our body get the energy to do this? same So food contains two things: nutrients (=building blocks) e ...
Megaloblastic Anemias
... A complex organometallic vitamin with cobalt atom situated in the middle of a corrin ring. It cannot be synthesized in the human body & must be taken in diet (only animal products) Daily req = 2.5 mg In stomach it is released from diet, then binds R protein (glycoprotein found in saliva, milk, gastr ...
... A complex organometallic vitamin with cobalt atom situated in the middle of a corrin ring. It cannot be synthesized in the human body & must be taken in diet (only animal products) Daily req = 2.5 mg In stomach it is released from diet, then binds R protein (glycoprotein found in saliva, milk, gastr ...
Water and Minerals: The Ocean Within
... – Helps provide _______________ or ___________ catalytic ability • Ex: In the retina, zinc must interact with enzyme that activates vitamin A night vision ...
... – Helps provide _______________ or ___________ catalytic ability • Ex: In the retina, zinc must interact with enzyme that activates vitamin A night vision ...
2) Where
... • “Burning calories” refers to the process of using biomolecules to make ATP in cellular respiraDon • Metabolic rate is the rate at which your body turns food molecules into usable energy (ATP) • Me ...
... • “Burning calories” refers to the process of using biomolecules to make ATP in cellular respiraDon • Metabolic rate is the rate at which your body turns food molecules into usable energy (ATP) • Me ...
Substrate Breakdown
... the alpha cells of the pancreas Helps to maintain blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis (The formation of new glucose) in the liver Secreted in response to a decrease in blood glucose levels. Most of its actions are through a cyclic AMP ...
... the alpha cells of the pancreas Helps to maintain blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis (The formation of new glucose) in the liver Secreted in response to a decrease in blood glucose levels. Most of its actions are through a cyclic AMP ...
Pancreatitis - Michelle Hervey, LVT
... • The pancreas is made up of two flat lobes that are located between the descending duodenum and the stomach. • The pancreas actually has two important functions. The greatest portion of the pancreas which is called the exocrine pancreas secretes important digestive enzymes through the duct system t ...
... • The pancreas is made up of two flat lobes that are located between the descending duodenum and the stomach. • The pancreas actually has two important functions. The greatest portion of the pancreas which is called the exocrine pancreas secretes important digestive enzymes through the duct system t ...
Digestion
Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma. In certain organisms, these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream. Digestion is a form of catabolism that is often divided into two processes based on how food is broken down: mechanical and chemical digestion. The term mechanical digestion refers to the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces which can subsequently be accessed by digestive enzymes. In chemical digestion, enzymes break down food into the small molecules the body can use.In the human digestive system, food enters the mouth and mechanical digestion of the food starts by the action of mastication (chewing), a form of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva. Saliva, a liquid secreted by the salivary glands, contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which starts the digestion of starch in the food; the saliva also contains mucus, which lubricates the food, and hydrogen carbonate, which provides the ideal conditions of pH (alkaline) for amylase to work. After undergoing mastication and starch digestion, the food will be in the form of a small, round slurry mass called a bolus. It will then travel down the esophagus and into the stomach by the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice in the stomach starts protein digestion. Gastric juice mainly contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin. As these two chemicals may damage the stomach wall, mucus is secreted by the stomach, providing a slimy layer that acts as a shield against the damaging effects of the chemicals. At the same time protein digestion is occurring, mechanical mixing occurs by peristalsis, which is waves of muscular contractions that move along the stomach wall. This allows the mass of food to further mix with the digestive enzymes.After some time (typically 1–2 hours in humans, 4–6 hours in dogs, 3–4 hours in house cats), the resulting thick liquid is called chyme. When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile juice from the liver and then passes through the small intestine, in which digestion continues. When the chyme is fully digested, it is absorbed into the blood. 95% of absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine. Water and minerals are reabsorbed back into the blood in the colon (large intestine) where the pH is slightly acidic about 5.6 ~ 6.9. Some vitamins, such as biotin and vitamin K (K2MK7) produced by bacteria in the colon are also absorbed into the blood in the colon. Waste material is eliminated from the rectum during defecation.