Biochemistry for the Radiation Biologist
... Acid-base catalysis (specific amino acid side-chains participate temporarily in reactions by acting as nucleophiles or electrophiles) Proximity effect (enzyme contains channels with appropriate shape and electrostatic properties to cause substrates to travel down them toward one another) Induced fit ...
... Acid-base catalysis (specific amino acid side-chains participate temporarily in reactions by acting as nucleophiles or electrophiles) Proximity effect (enzyme contains channels with appropriate shape and electrostatic properties to cause substrates to travel down them toward one another) Induced fit ...
Glycogen Phosphorylase
... very little it is very similar in bacteria and vertebrates •There is more variation in bacteria glycogen phosphorylase than in vertebrates •This might be to the fact that bacteria has been around much longer and has had more time to change •Or it might be that Glycogen phosphorylase in vertebrates i ...
... very little it is very similar in bacteria and vertebrates •There is more variation in bacteria glycogen phosphorylase than in vertebrates •This might be to the fact that bacteria has been around much longer and has had more time to change •Or it might be that Glycogen phosphorylase in vertebrates i ...
Plant purple acid phosphatases — genes, structures and biological
... plant acid phosphatases has a long history yet the available data do not allow to generalize on their structure and function. This is a result of different aspects considered by researchers (Duff et al., 1994). Some of them elaborate on physiology, while other on biochemistry or molecular biology. T ...
... plant acid phosphatases has a long history yet the available data do not allow to generalize on their structure and function. This is a result of different aspects considered by researchers (Duff et al., 1994). Some of them elaborate on physiology, while other on biochemistry or molecular biology. T ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism of Staphylococcus aureus
... the oxidation of glucose must exist. This system, presumably the pentose cycle, would then be much more active in B-cocci. Dissimilation of pyruvic acid. Under anaerobic conditions pyruvic acid was mainly broken down by dismutation to lactic acid, acetic acid and CO, (Table 3). As far as final produ ...
... the oxidation of glucose must exist. This system, presumably the pentose cycle, would then be much more active in B-cocci. Dissimilation of pyruvic acid. Under anaerobic conditions pyruvic acid was mainly broken down by dismutation to lactic acid, acetic acid and CO, (Table 3). As far as final produ ...
©2011 The Simple Homeschool – Simple Days Unit Studies
... delivery mechanism in the muscles and liver cells. Glycogen can deliver quick short blurts of immediate energy to your muscles when necessary – like when you come upon a bear in the woods and need to make a run for it! The bad thing about glycogen is that it doesn't power the muscles for very long a ...
... delivery mechanism in the muscles and liver cells. Glycogen can deliver quick short blurts of immediate energy to your muscles when necessary – like when you come upon a bear in the woods and need to make a run for it! The bad thing about glycogen is that it doesn't power the muscles for very long a ...
UNIT 9. COMMON CATABOLIC PATHWAY. TRICARBOXYLIC ACID
... 3. Note: Salivary glands; pancreas and intestinal brush-border epithelium synthesize glycosidases which catalyze hydrolytic cleavage of glycosidic bonds of carbohydrates producing monosaccharides. (p.394-397, fig. 25.10, 25. II): A. In the mouth salivary α-amylase cleaves starch by breaking some α-1 ...
... 3. Note: Salivary glands; pancreas and intestinal brush-border epithelium synthesize glycosidases which catalyze hydrolytic cleavage of glycosidic bonds of carbohydrates producing monosaccharides. (p.394-397, fig. 25.10, 25. II): A. In the mouth salivary α-amylase cleaves starch by breaking some α-1 ...
Hepatology: Anatomy, Physiology and Dev
... the inferior vena cava to bypass the liver. In the adult liver, the porta hepatis includes the hepatic arteries from the hepatic artery proper, the hepatic portal vein, and the hepatic and cystic ducts joining to form the common bile duct. - The portal vein brings nutrients and other compounds absor ...
... the inferior vena cava to bypass the liver. In the adult liver, the porta hepatis includes the hepatic arteries from the hepatic artery proper, the hepatic portal vein, and the hepatic and cystic ducts joining to form the common bile duct. - The portal vein brings nutrients and other compounds absor ...
attachment 2 - Food Standards Australia New Zealand
... Unprocessed (raw) soybeans are not suitable for food use, and have only limited feed uses, as they contain toxicants and anti-nutritional factors, such as lectins and trypsin inhibitors ...
... Unprocessed (raw) soybeans are not suitable for food use, and have only limited feed uses, as they contain toxicants and anti-nutritional factors, such as lectins and trypsin inhibitors ...
Bioenergetics, glycolysis, metabolism of monosaccharides and
... Carbohydrates are the most abundant organic molecules in nature. They have a wide range of functions: 1. Providing a dietary calories for most organisms. 2. Storage energy in the body, 3. Cell membrane components that mediate some forms of intercellular communication. 4. Structural component of many ...
... Carbohydrates are the most abundant organic molecules in nature. They have a wide range of functions: 1. Providing a dietary calories for most organisms. 2. Storage energy in the body, 3. Cell membrane components that mediate some forms of intercellular communication. 4. Structural component of many ...
Fructose 6-Phosphate
... Because liver and muscle phosphorylate glucose rather than fructose, adipose tissue is exposed to more fructose than glucose. Hence, the formation of fructose 6-phosphate in the adipose tissue is not competitively inhibited to a biologically significant extent, and most of the fructose in adipose ...
... Because liver and muscle phosphorylate glucose rather than fructose, adipose tissue is exposed to more fructose than glucose. Hence, the formation of fructose 6-phosphate in the adipose tissue is not competitively inhibited to a biologically significant extent, and most of the fructose in adipose ...
Pathophysiology of hepatic failure
... water, bile acids, cholesterol, phospholipids, bilirubin, minerals, other steroid molecules the ratio of each composition is responsible fro the fluidity of the bile Bile is essential for fat digestion, therefore absorption of fatty particles and molecules soluble in fat (vitamins, D,E K,A ↑ produc ...
... water, bile acids, cholesterol, phospholipids, bilirubin, minerals, other steroid molecules the ratio of each composition is responsible fro the fluidity of the bile Bile is essential for fat digestion, therefore absorption of fatty particles and molecules soluble in fat (vitamins, D,E K,A ↑ produc ...
103 Lecture Ch23b
... • The glucose is phosphorylated as it is cleaved from the glycogen to form glucose-1-phosphate • Glucose-1-phosphate can be converted to glucose-6phosphate, which can enter glycolysis • Phosphorylated glucose can’t be absorbed into cells - in the liver and kidneys, glucose-6-phosphate can be hydroli ...
... • The glucose is phosphorylated as it is cleaved from the glycogen to form glucose-1-phosphate • Glucose-1-phosphate can be converted to glucose-6phosphate, which can enter glycolysis • Phosphorylated glucose can’t be absorbed into cells - in the liver and kidneys, glucose-6-phosphate can be hydroli ...
lecture1
... This cycle acts as the final pathway for the oxidation of Carbohydrate, lipids and proteins from their acetyl residues to CO2 and water in the ...
... This cycle acts as the final pathway for the oxidation of Carbohydrate, lipids and proteins from their acetyl residues to CO2 and water in the ...
Stable nitrogen isotopic fractionation associated with transamination
... other ∼36% being used for the construction of animal ...
... other ∼36% being used for the construction of animal ...
Gluconeogenesis
... and ketoacidosis after mild fasting. Note that these two phosphatase reactions do not reverse the reciprocal kinase reactions, because ATP is not regenerated. The stoichiometry for gluconeogenesis from pyruvate is: 2 pyruvate + 4 ATP + 2 GTP + 2 NADH + 6 H2 O Õ glucose + 4 ADP + 2 GDP + 6 Pi + 2 NAD ...
... and ketoacidosis after mild fasting. Note that these two phosphatase reactions do not reverse the reciprocal kinase reactions, because ATP is not regenerated. The stoichiometry for gluconeogenesis from pyruvate is: 2 pyruvate + 4 ATP + 2 GTP + 2 NADH + 6 H2 O Õ glucose + 4 ADP + 2 GDP + 6 Pi + 2 NAD ...
CHAPTER 25
... (1) Both TAG emulsification and TAG digestion occur in the small intestine. (2) On an equal-mass basis, fatty acids produce more than twice as much ATP per gram as carbohydrates (glucose). (3) The “opposite” processes of lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation cannot occur at the same time. a) All thre ...
... (1) Both TAG emulsification and TAG digestion occur in the small intestine. (2) On an equal-mass basis, fatty acids produce more than twice as much ATP per gram as carbohydrates (glucose). (3) The “opposite” processes of lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation cannot occur at the same time. a) All thre ...
to Sample Chapter
... When cane sugar or sucrose is boiled with dilute hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid it undergoes hydrolysis to give glucose and fructose in equal amounts. ii. While cooling, alcohol is added as glucose is insoluble in alcohol it crystallized out first. Fructose being soluble in alcohol it remains i ...
... When cane sugar or sucrose is boiled with dilute hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid it undergoes hydrolysis to give glucose and fructose in equal amounts. ii. While cooling, alcohol is added as glucose is insoluble in alcohol it crystallized out first. Fructose being soluble in alcohol it remains i ...
questions for self-preparation GENERAL CHARACTERISTIC OF
... 3 . The directed biosynthetic activity at the minimum formation of by-products. 4 . Genetic uniformity and stability in the relation to substrate and cultivation conditions. 5 . Absence of toxic substances in a target product and industrial drains. 6 . Resistance to phages and other foreign micro fl ...
... 3 . The directed biosynthetic activity at the minimum formation of by-products. 4 . Genetic uniformity and stability in the relation to substrate and cultivation conditions. 5 . Absence of toxic substances in a target product and industrial drains. 6 . Resistance to phages and other foreign micro fl ...
(Enzymes Lecture Notes).
... feedback inhibition. Allosteric enzymes contains two distinct subunits, one with active site (binds substrate A and catalyzes reaction), one with allosteric site (binds E). 6. When E binds, causes shape change in the enzyme, this is transmitted to block activity of active site. 7. Net result: whole ...
... feedback inhibition. Allosteric enzymes contains two distinct subunits, one with active site (binds substrate A and catalyzes reaction), one with allosteric site (binds E). 6. When E binds, causes shape change in the enzyme, this is transmitted to block activity of active site. 7. Net result: whole ...
to learn more about the health benefits of fermented goat dairy
... goat milk fermented with B. longum on the growth of C. albicans compared with that of fermented cow milk. Similarly, Pavlovic et al. (2006) analysed the antagonistic action of goat and cow milk fermented with B. longum Bb-46 on the pathogenic organisms Serratia marscenses and Campylobacter jejuni ...
... goat milk fermented with B. longum on the growth of C. albicans compared with that of fermented cow milk. Similarly, Pavlovic et al. (2006) analysed the antagonistic action of goat and cow milk fermented with B. longum Bb-46 on the pathogenic organisms Serratia marscenses and Campylobacter jejuni ...
3.2 Breeding of corn line DAS-40278-9
... S. herbicidovorans, the donor organism for the aad-1 gene, is a common gram-negative soil bacterium. Species within the genus have a wide distribution in nature, and therefore have a significant exposure level in both animals and humans. Sphingomonads have been used in many biotechnological applicat ...
... S. herbicidovorans, the donor organism for the aad-1 gene, is a common gram-negative soil bacterium. Species within the genus have a wide distribution in nature, and therefore have a significant exposure level in both animals and humans. Sphingomonads have been used in many biotechnological applicat ...
Digestion
Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma. In certain organisms, these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream. Digestion is a form of catabolism that is often divided into two processes based on how food is broken down: mechanical and chemical digestion. The term mechanical digestion refers to the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces which can subsequently be accessed by digestive enzymes. In chemical digestion, enzymes break down food into the small molecules the body can use.In the human digestive system, food enters the mouth and mechanical digestion of the food starts by the action of mastication (chewing), a form of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva. Saliva, a liquid secreted by the salivary glands, contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which starts the digestion of starch in the food; the saliva also contains mucus, which lubricates the food, and hydrogen carbonate, which provides the ideal conditions of pH (alkaline) for amylase to work. After undergoing mastication and starch digestion, the food will be in the form of a small, round slurry mass called a bolus. It will then travel down the esophagus and into the stomach by the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice in the stomach starts protein digestion. Gastric juice mainly contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin. As these two chemicals may damage the stomach wall, mucus is secreted by the stomach, providing a slimy layer that acts as a shield against the damaging effects of the chemicals. At the same time protein digestion is occurring, mechanical mixing occurs by peristalsis, which is waves of muscular contractions that move along the stomach wall. This allows the mass of food to further mix with the digestive enzymes.After some time (typically 1–2 hours in humans, 4–6 hours in dogs, 3–4 hours in house cats), the resulting thick liquid is called chyme. When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile juice from the liver and then passes through the small intestine, in which digestion continues. When the chyme is fully digested, it is absorbed into the blood. 95% of absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine. Water and minerals are reabsorbed back into the blood in the colon (large intestine) where the pH is slightly acidic about 5.6 ~ 6.9. Some vitamins, such as biotin and vitamin K (K2MK7) produced by bacteria in the colon are also absorbed into the blood in the colon. Waste material is eliminated from the rectum during defecation.