Physiology of a New Facultatively Autotrophic
... and growth was followed turbidimetrically using a Klett-Summerson colorimeter with a red filter (transmission 640 to 700 nm). This method of estimating growth is prone to errors due to variation in cell size and shape and the organism described here tended to grow in strands, which complicated the d ...
... and growth was followed turbidimetrically using a Klett-Summerson colorimeter with a red filter (transmission 640 to 700 nm). This method of estimating growth is prone to errors due to variation in cell size and shape and the organism described here tended to grow in strands, which complicated the d ...
ATP - TeacherWeb
... Organisms that must eat food to get energy are called heterotrophs. They consume glucose which is broken down in the cell and the mitochondria to create energy. Cellular respiration is the process that breaks down glucose to give off energy. ...
... Organisms that must eat food to get energy are called heterotrophs. They consume glucose which is broken down in the cell and the mitochondria to create energy. Cellular respiration is the process that breaks down glucose to give off energy. ...
The Metabolism of the Amino Acids of Escherichia
... with bacteria of known specific activity by measuring the 14C in the protozoa. The number of viable bacteria in the medium in the absence of protozoa was measured initially and at the end of the experiment to obtain an estimate of the loss of viability of the bacterium in the protozoal incubation me ...
... with bacteria of known specific activity by measuring the 14C in the protozoa. The number of viable bacteria in the medium in the absence of protozoa was measured initially and at the end of the experiment to obtain an estimate of the loss of viability of the bacterium in the protozoal incubation me ...
Title: Hormones of the Pancreas
... b. Decreasing the motility of the stomach, the duodenum and the gallbladder c. Decreasing both secretion and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract 5. The principal role of somatostatin is to extend the period of time over which the food nutrients are assimilated into the blood. 6. Relationship be ...
... b. Decreasing the motility of the stomach, the duodenum and the gallbladder c. Decreasing both secretion and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract 5. The principal role of somatostatin is to extend the period of time over which the food nutrients are assimilated into the blood. 6. Relationship be ...
Title: Hormones of the Pancreas
... b. Decreasing the motility of the stomach, the duodenum and the gallbladder c. Decreasing both secretion and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract 5. The principal role of somatostatin is to extend the period of time over which the food nutrients are assimilated into the blood. 6. Relationship be ...
... b. Decreasing the motility of the stomach, the duodenum and the gallbladder c. Decreasing both secretion and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract 5. The principal role of somatostatin is to extend the period of time over which the food nutrients are assimilated into the blood. 6. Relationship be ...
P_14 Enhancement of Bioactive Compounds of Roselle Vinegar by
... ediates of aerobic metabolism and through reactions with drugs and environmental toxins. Although almost all organisms possess antiox idant defense and repair systems, which quench or minimize the production of oxygen-derived species, thus protecting them against oxidative damage, these protective s ...
... ediates of aerobic metabolism and through reactions with drugs and environmental toxins. Although almost all organisms possess antiox idant defense and repair systems, which quench or minimize the production of oxygen-derived species, thus protecting them against oxidative damage, these protective s ...
The Mechanism of Propionic Acid Formation by
... inhibition studies, that lactate was not on the normal pathway from pyruvate to propionate. The quantitative studies of Werkman & Wood (1942), in which they found equal concentrations of C13 in the carboxyl groups of the succinic and propionic acids, find their simplest interpretation in the presenc ...
... inhibition studies, that lactate was not on the normal pathway from pyruvate to propionate. The quantitative studies of Werkman & Wood (1942), in which they found equal concentrations of C13 in the carboxyl groups of the succinic and propionic acids, find their simplest interpretation in the presenc ...
State of the Art Manufacturing of Protein Hydrolysates
... requirements of bacteria grown in the laboratory were met by adding naturally occurring substances like blood, body fluids, etc., to the media. The first report on the use of egg albumin was published in 1882 by Naegeli, which he referred to as “peptone,” a term still used today for some products. H ...
... requirements of bacteria grown in the laboratory were met by adding naturally occurring substances like blood, body fluids, etc., to the media. The first report on the use of egg albumin was published in 1882 by Naegeli, which he referred to as “peptone,” a term still used today for some products. H ...
Neonatal Hypoglycemia
... Use of formula or breastmilk better than D10W because they provide carbohydrates as well as protein and fats that are metabolized more slowly to provide a sustained supply of substrate Recheck glucose in 20-30 mins after the feeding and continue to feed q2-3 hrs Blood glucose should be followed befo ...
... Use of formula or breastmilk better than D10W because they provide carbohydrates as well as protein and fats that are metabolized more slowly to provide a sustained supply of substrate Recheck glucose in 20-30 mins after the feeding and continue to feed q2-3 hrs Blood glucose should be followed befo ...
METABOLISM - UMK C.A.R.N.I.V.O.R.E.S. 3 | C-alm, A
... lactic acid fermentation to provide ATP---- need many hours to clear the excess lactate and regenerate glycogen in muscle • Other large animals- elephant, rhino, whales – depend on lactic acid fermentation- followed by long recovery periods – exposed to predators • What about horses? ...
... lactic acid fermentation to provide ATP---- need many hours to clear the excess lactate and regenerate glycogen in muscle • Other large animals- elephant, rhino, whales – depend on lactic acid fermentation- followed by long recovery periods – exposed to predators • What about horses? ...
Fatty Acid Catabolism
... triacylglycerols and phosphoglycerides. Lipases are specific for the triacylglycerols, whereas the phospholipases (A1, A2, B, C & D) digest the phosphoglycerides. Cerebrosidases and Gangliosidases hydrolyze the glycosidic bonds of the glycosphingolipids and Ceramidase hydrolyzes the amide bond betw ...
... triacylglycerols and phosphoglycerides. Lipases are specific for the triacylglycerols, whereas the phospholipases (A1, A2, B, C & D) digest the phosphoglycerides. Cerebrosidases and Gangliosidases hydrolyze the glycosidic bonds of the glycosphingolipids and Ceramidase hydrolyzes the amide bond betw ...
Enzymes
... A chemical reaction occurs when molecules react with one another to form different molecules. For instance, hydrogen and oxygen may react with each other to form water, or an electric current may be passed though water to produce hydrogen and oxygen. In either scenario, new products are formed. The ...
... A chemical reaction occurs when molecules react with one another to form different molecules. For instance, hydrogen and oxygen may react with each other to form water, or an electric current may be passed though water to produce hydrogen and oxygen. In either scenario, new products are formed. The ...
Characterization of Lamprey Fibrinopeptides
... and Schull no. 2043). Electrophoresis was conducted in 0.1 M-pyridine-acetic acid buffer, pH 4-1, at 300 v for 4 hr. at room temperature. Papers were dried in an oven at 800 and then stitched to Whatman 3MM paper for ascending chromatography in butan-l-ol-acetic acid-water (4:1:5, by vol.) for 17 hr ...
... and Schull no. 2043). Electrophoresis was conducted in 0.1 M-pyridine-acetic acid buffer, pH 4-1, at 300 v for 4 hr. at room temperature. Papers were dried in an oven at 800 and then stitched to Whatman 3MM paper for ascending chromatography in butan-l-ol-acetic acid-water (4:1:5, by vol.) for 17 hr ...
Biosc_48_Chapter_5_lecture
... between the inner and outer membranes. b. This sets up a huge concentration gradient of H+ between the membranes. c. H+ can only move through the inner membrane through structures called respiratory assemblies d. Movement of H+ across the membrane provides energy to the enzyme ATP synthase, which co ...
... between the inner and outer membranes. b. This sets up a huge concentration gradient of H+ between the membranes. c. H+ can only move through the inner membrane through structures called respiratory assemblies d. Movement of H+ across the membrane provides energy to the enzyme ATP synthase, which co ...
Cloning and sequencing of a gene encoding acidophilic amylase
... fragment was cloned from a AgtlO gene bank of B. acidocaldarius chromosomal DNA by plaque hybridization. The oligonucleotide 371 (Table 1) was synthesized according to the deduced DNA sequence of one of the lysylendopeptidase-cleavedpeptides (Table 1, Fig. 2). It hybridized with six plaques out of 7 ...
... fragment was cloned from a AgtlO gene bank of B. acidocaldarius chromosomal DNA by plaque hybridization. The oligonucleotide 371 (Table 1) was synthesized according to the deduced DNA sequence of one of the lysylendopeptidase-cleavedpeptides (Table 1, Fig. 2). It hybridized with six plaques out of 7 ...
BIOCHEMISTRY
... Biochemistry can be defined as the science concerned with the chemical basis of life. The cell is the structural unit of living systems. Thus, biochemistry can also be described as the science concerned with the chemical constituents of living cells and with reactions and processes they undergo. By ...
... Biochemistry can be defined as the science concerned with the chemical basis of life. The cell is the structural unit of living systems. Thus, biochemistry can also be described as the science concerned with the chemical constituents of living cells and with reactions and processes they undergo. By ...
Explanation of colon cancer pathophysiology through analyzing the
... Bile acids, the main constituents of bile, are produced in the liver from cholesterol through a series of enzyme modification. Bile acids play a key role in solubilization and emulsification of fat to help digestion in the digestive tract1. Colon plays an important role in the modification of bile a ...
... Bile acids, the main constituents of bile, are produced in the liver from cholesterol through a series of enzyme modification. Bile acids play a key role in solubilization and emulsification of fat to help digestion in the digestive tract1. Colon plays an important role in the modification of bile a ...
The Role of Amino Acids
... chemical properties of the amino acids of proteins determine the biological activity of the protein. Proteins not only catalyze all (or most) of the reactions in living cells, they control virtually all cellular process. In addition, proteins contain within their amino acid sequences the necessary i ...
... chemical properties of the amino acids of proteins determine the biological activity of the protein. Proteins not only catalyze all (or most) of the reactions in living cells, they control virtually all cellular process. In addition, proteins contain within their amino acid sequences the necessary i ...
Metabolic and physiological interdependencies in the
... Figure 2 Density gradient enrichment of symbiont cells and host components followed by CARD-FISH. (a) Step-wise workflow of the density gradient enrichment method for physical separation of B. azoricus host and symbiont cells. Sampling for tissue-based metaproteomic analysis of whole gill and foot t ...
... Figure 2 Density gradient enrichment of symbiont cells and host components followed by CARD-FISH. (a) Step-wise workflow of the density gradient enrichment method for physical separation of B. azoricus host and symbiont cells. Sampling for tissue-based metaproteomic analysis of whole gill and foot t ...
digestion of carbohydrates - KSU Faculty Member websites
... plant origin ( starch , composed of amylose and amylopectin ) . During mastication , salivary α- amylase ( ptyalin ) acts briefly on dietary starch in random manner , breking some α- ( 1-4 ) bonds . [Note : carbohydrates are the only dietary component for which degradation begins in the mouth ] 1. T ...
... plant origin ( starch , composed of amylose and amylopectin ) . During mastication , salivary α- amylase ( ptyalin ) acts briefly on dietary starch in random manner , breking some α- ( 1-4 ) bonds . [Note : carbohydrates are the only dietary component for which degradation begins in the mouth ] 1. T ...
LESSON 1. COMMON PATHWAY OF AMINO ACIDS
... Metabolism of amino acids. Detoxication. Antioxidant defence system. ...
... Metabolism of amino acids. Detoxication. Antioxidant defence system. ...
Angiotensin I-converting enzyme-inhibitory peptide fractions
... grain and defatted flour used in this study. The present results show that crude protein (N 5.85) was not appreciably concentrated when the flour was defatted with acetone. On the contrary, ash and carbohydrates increased because of this process. Even though this protein concentration is not very si ...
... grain and defatted flour used in this study. The present results show that crude protein (N 5.85) was not appreciably concentrated when the flour was defatted with acetone. On the contrary, ash and carbohydrates increased because of this process. Even though this protein concentration is not very si ...
Gluconeogenesis
... "Reversal" of pyruvate kinase. Participation of the mitochondria "Reversal" of Phosphofructokinase "Reversal" of hexokinase The Cori and alanine cycles Regulation. Role of insulin and glucagon in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Glycogenic and ketogenic compounds ...
... "Reversal" of pyruvate kinase. Participation of the mitochondria "Reversal" of Phosphofructokinase "Reversal" of hexokinase The Cori and alanine cycles Regulation. Role of insulin and glucagon in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Glycogenic and ketogenic compounds ...
nucleic acid - Notes-for-all
... Unlike glycogen and starch, most animals cannot break down by hydrolysis (insoluble fiber). ◦ Cows and termites have cellulose-hydrolyzing microorganisms that can digest cellulose. ...
... Unlike glycogen and starch, most animals cannot break down by hydrolysis (insoluble fiber). ◦ Cows and termites have cellulose-hydrolyzing microorganisms that can digest cellulose. ...
Digestion
Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma. In certain organisms, these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream. Digestion is a form of catabolism that is often divided into two processes based on how food is broken down: mechanical and chemical digestion. The term mechanical digestion refers to the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces which can subsequently be accessed by digestive enzymes. In chemical digestion, enzymes break down food into the small molecules the body can use.In the human digestive system, food enters the mouth and mechanical digestion of the food starts by the action of mastication (chewing), a form of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva. Saliva, a liquid secreted by the salivary glands, contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which starts the digestion of starch in the food; the saliva also contains mucus, which lubricates the food, and hydrogen carbonate, which provides the ideal conditions of pH (alkaline) for amylase to work. After undergoing mastication and starch digestion, the food will be in the form of a small, round slurry mass called a bolus. It will then travel down the esophagus and into the stomach by the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice in the stomach starts protein digestion. Gastric juice mainly contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin. As these two chemicals may damage the stomach wall, mucus is secreted by the stomach, providing a slimy layer that acts as a shield against the damaging effects of the chemicals. At the same time protein digestion is occurring, mechanical mixing occurs by peristalsis, which is waves of muscular contractions that move along the stomach wall. This allows the mass of food to further mix with the digestive enzymes.After some time (typically 1–2 hours in humans, 4–6 hours in dogs, 3–4 hours in house cats), the resulting thick liquid is called chyme. When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile juice from the liver and then passes through the small intestine, in which digestion continues. When the chyme is fully digested, it is absorbed into the blood. 95% of absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine. Water and minerals are reabsorbed back into the blood in the colon (large intestine) where the pH is slightly acidic about 5.6 ~ 6.9. Some vitamins, such as biotin and vitamin K (K2MK7) produced by bacteria in the colon are also absorbed into the blood in the colon. Waste material is eliminated from the rectum during defecation.