very new glucogen me..
... Glycogen is homopolysaccharide formed of branched α-DGLUCOSE units (α1,4and α1,6) each branch is made of 6-12 glucose units , at the branching point the chain is attached by 1-6 link ...
... Glycogen is homopolysaccharide formed of branched α-DGLUCOSE units (α1,4and α1,6) each branch is made of 6-12 glucose units , at the branching point the chain is attached by 1-6 link ...
Chapter 1, The Blood
... l. Transferrin is used to make new hemoglobin. m. The non-iron portion of heme is converted into biliverdin, (a greenish pigment), and then into bilirubin (an orange pigment). n. Bilirubin enters the blood, secreted by the liver cells into the bile; bile passes from the liver into the small intestin ...
... l. Transferrin is used to make new hemoglobin. m. The non-iron portion of heme is converted into biliverdin, (a greenish pigment), and then into bilirubin (an orange pigment). n. Bilirubin enters the blood, secreted by the liver cells into the bile; bile passes from the liver into the small intestin ...
enzyme structure
... named the enzyme that brought about the fermentation of sucrose "zymase". In 1907, he received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his biochemical research and his discovery of cellfree fermentation". Following Buchner's example, enzymes are usually named according to the reaction they carry out. Typi ...
... named the enzyme that brought about the fermentation of sucrose "zymase". In 1907, he received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his biochemical research and his discovery of cellfree fermentation". Following Buchner's example, enzymes are usually named according to the reaction they carry out. Typi ...
Document
... high protein diet - amino acids are used for the synthesis of liver proteins and the majority of serum proteins, including albumin. (Low serum albumin levels is diagnostic of liver pathology.) Amino acids also catabolized to provide precursors for gluconeogenesis and for energy production via the TC ...
... high protein diet - amino acids are used for the synthesis of liver proteins and the majority of serum proteins, including albumin. (Low serum albumin levels is diagnostic of liver pathology.) Amino acids also catabolized to provide precursors for gluconeogenesis and for energy production via the TC ...
Autotrophic growth on methanol by bacteria isolated from activated
... utilized by many different microorganisms. The pathway of carbon assimilation from methanol has been studied extensively, particularly with respect to the question whether C rcompounds are assimilated as CO2 or at a more reduced level. Three cyclic mechanisms for the assimilation of Cl-compounds are ...
... utilized by many different microorganisms. The pathway of carbon assimilation from methanol has been studied extensively, particularly with respect to the question whether C rcompounds are assimilated as CO2 or at a more reduced level. Three cyclic mechanisms for the assimilation of Cl-compounds are ...
L23_Exercise
... fatty acid oxidation can be used for ATP generation • Power output is lower when using only fatty acids • “Hitting the Wall” • Cannot sprint if there’s no glycogen ...
... fatty acid oxidation can be used for ATP generation • Power output is lower when using only fatty acids • “Hitting the Wall” • Cannot sprint if there’s no glycogen ...
Thiamin (Vitamin B1): Beriberi
... Biggest cause of thiamin deficiency in the United States Decreased thiamin absorption Alcohol dependency leads to decreased food consumption, but also increased thiamin needs due to liver damage GI cancers, liver disease, IBD can decrease ability to absorb thiamin ...
... Biggest cause of thiamin deficiency in the United States Decreased thiamin absorption Alcohol dependency leads to decreased food consumption, but also increased thiamin needs due to liver damage GI cancers, liver disease, IBD can decrease ability to absorb thiamin ...
Functional Anatomy of the Liver
... b) Typically catalyze hydroxylation reactions c) Responsible for drug /chemical carcinogen metabolism, bile acid synthesis, activation and inactivation of vitamins d) Some products may be directly secreted if they are water soluble e) Usually require phase II biotransformation (conjugation) for excr ...
... b) Typically catalyze hydroxylation reactions c) Responsible for drug /chemical carcinogen metabolism, bile acid synthesis, activation and inactivation of vitamins d) Some products may be directly secreted if they are water soluble e) Usually require phase II biotransformation (conjugation) for excr ...
Two Models of Catabolite Repression Signal Transduction
... In the glycolytic flux model, movement of glucose through the glucose transporter is not essential for catabolite repression. Instead, what is important in the flux of carbon through glycolysis (Fig 2.) Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that catabolizes glucose to pyruvate. When glucose is being a ...
... In the glycolytic flux model, movement of glucose through the glucose transporter is not essential for catabolite repression. Instead, what is important in the flux of carbon through glycolysis (Fig 2.) Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that catabolizes glucose to pyruvate. When glucose is being a ...
INSULIN
... Therefore, in all these tissues the glucose entry is insulin independent. • Only GLUT-4 is insulin-dependant & occurs in the muscles & adipocytes. These cells maintain a pool of GLUT-4 molecules in vesicles in their cell cytoplasm. ...
... Therefore, in all these tissues the glucose entry is insulin independent. • Only GLUT-4 is insulin-dependant & occurs in the muscles & adipocytes. These cells maintain a pool of GLUT-4 molecules in vesicles in their cell cytoplasm. ...
Introduction
... Second, dietary fiber is associated with reduced insulin secretion because of its low glycemic effect on blood glucose. Most soluble fibers decrease the rate of glucose absorption and attenuate the rise of plasma glucose and insulin levels, leading to a reduced level of cholesterol synthesis in the ...
... Second, dietary fiber is associated with reduced insulin secretion because of its low glycemic effect on blood glucose. Most soluble fibers decrease the rate of glucose absorption and attenuate the rise of plasma glucose and insulin levels, leading to a reduced level of cholesterol synthesis in the ...
Print this article - PAGEPress Publications
... The current therapeutic drug treatment options for primary hyperoxaluria and/or the dietetic regimen for patients with secondary hyperoxaluria do not always lead to adequate success, e.g. sufficient reduction of urinary oxalate excretion. Hence, new treatment options are clearly needed. In addition, a ...
... The current therapeutic drug treatment options for primary hyperoxaluria and/or the dietetic regimen for patients with secondary hyperoxaluria do not always lead to adequate success, e.g. sufficient reduction of urinary oxalate excretion. Hence, new treatment options are clearly needed. In addition, a ...
Enzymes
... • Enzyme induction occurs when enzymes are synthesized in response to cell need. • This kind of genetic control allows an organism to adapt to environmental changes. The coupling of genetic control and allosteric regulation allows for very tight control of ...
... • Enzyme induction occurs when enzymes are synthesized in response to cell need. • This kind of genetic control allows an organism to adapt to environmental changes. The coupling of genetic control and allosteric regulation allows for very tight control of ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) e-ISSN: 2278-3008.
... largest and best studied family of serine proteases. They are abundantly represented in vertebrates, but rare constituents of plant genomes. Prototypic members of this clan are trypsin and chymotrypsin, which cleave polypeptide chains on the C-terminal side of a positively charged side-chain (Arg or ...
... largest and best studied family of serine proteases. They are abundantly represented in vertebrates, but rare constituents of plant genomes. Prototypic members of this clan are trypsin and chymotrypsin, which cleave polypeptide chains on the C-terminal side of a positively charged side-chain (Arg or ...
Determination and Quantification of Molecular Interactions in Protein
... packed foods. The quality of the food has to be ensured during the whole life cycle, this includes transportation and storage at the retailors and customers. To provide safe foodstuffs it is necessary to protect them depending on their respective requirements against oxygen, water vapor, contaminati ...
... packed foods. The quality of the food has to be ensured during the whole life cycle, this includes transportation and storage at the retailors and customers. To provide safe foodstuffs it is necessary to protect them depending on their respective requirements against oxygen, water vapor, contaminati ...
ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES XIV (1–2)
... growth hormone (GH) is produced in greater quantities under the impact of stress. It was described that the hormone, similarly as luteotropin, is not only secreted by the adenohypophysis, but may also be secreted by immunological system organs, revealing immunomodulating effect onto the immunologica ...
... growth hormone (GH) is produced in greater quantities under the impact of stress. It was described that the hormone, similarly as luteotropin, is not only secreted by the adenohypophysis, but may also be secreted by immunological system organs, revealing immunomodulating effect onto the immunologica ...
Liver - KSU Faculty Member websites
... block the duct (such as spread of cancer from other organs to the liver or tumor of the biliary duct themselves or cancer of the pancreas The highest level have been seen in cancer of the bile duct at the point where it enters the wall of the small intestine this disease lead to elevation of both GG ...
... block the duct (such as spread of cancer from other organs to the liver or tumor of the biliary duct themselves or cancer of the pancreas The highest level have been seen in cancer of the bile duct at the point where it enters the wall of the small intestine this disease lead to elevation of both GG ...
NSC 108 - National Open University of Nigeria
... utilization of fuel molecules such as glucose. By studying and understanding these highly complex reactions, medical biochemists have found better ways to fight infections and diseases at the molecular level. Since an Engineer cannot repair a vehicle if he does not understand how it works, so a Nurs ...
... utilization of fuel molecules such as glucose. By studying and understanding these highly complex reactions, medical biochemists have found better ways to fight infections and diseases at the molecular level. Since an Engineer cannot repair a vehicle if he does not understand how it works, so a Nurs ...
Application Note
... the individual amino acids. Secondly, the detection limits of most amino acids are in MS detection much higher than with UV or fluorescence detection. In this context, the precolumn derivatization method is more promising for the analysis of amino acids by UHPLC-MS.2 Electrospray-Ionisation (ESI) w ...
... the individual amino acids. Secondly, the detection limits of most amino acids are in MS detection much higher than with UV or fluorescence detection. In this context, the precolumn derivatization method is more promising for the analysis of amino acids by UHPLC-MS.2 Electrospray-Ionisation (ESI) w ...
The Transition from Stiff to Compliant Materials in Squid Beaks
... more than threefold. The corresponding degree of chitin hydration, characterized by the water-tochitin mass ratio, increases from about 2.2 in the rostrum to 3.3 in the untanned regions. Evidently, over this range, changes in the degree of hydration play a greater role than that of chitin content, l ...
... more than threefold. The corresponding degree of chitin hydration, characterized by the water-tochitin mass ratio, increases from about 2.2 in the rostrum to 3.3 in the untanned regions. Evidently, over this range, changes in the degree of hydration play a greater role than that of chitin content, l ...
Gluconeogensis
... i. Pyruvate Carboxylase reaction is the only one – all other reactions of gluconeogenesis take place in cytoplasm VIII. Pyruvate to Oxaloacetate (S8) a. Large molecules can’t just diffuse through mitochondrial membrane b. Oxaloacetate must be reduced by NADH to malate to cross the mitochondrial memb ...
... i. Pyruvate Carboxylase reaction is the only one – all other reactions of gluconeogenesis take place in cytoplasm VIII. Pyruvate to Oxaloacetate (S8) a. Large molecules can’t just diffuse through mitochondrial membrane b. Oxaloacetate must be reduced by NADH to malate to cross the mitochondrial memb ...
Microbial and enzymatic changes associated with the production of
... been reported to produce the best quality kinema, a traditional food condiment from soybean (Sarkar and Tamang, 1994). The increase in pH in alkaline fermenentation might be due to proteolytic activity of the Bacillus species responsible for the fermentation (Ouoba et al., 2007). Microbial fermentat ...
... been reported to produce the best quality kinema, a traditional food condiment from soybean (Sarkar and Tamang, 1994). The increase in pH in alkaline fermenentation might be due to proteolytic activity of the Bacillus species responsible for the fermentation (Ouoba et al., 2007). Microbial fermentat ...
The Biologically Appropriate Food Concept
... saliva of dogs and cats does not contain the digestive enzyme amylase. Carnivores don‘t chew their food. Unlike carbohydrate-digesting enzymes, protein-digesting enzymes cannot be released in the mouth due to the potential of damaging the oral cavity (auto digestion). Therefore, carnivores do not mi ...
... saliva of dogs and cats does not contain the digestive enzyme amylase. Carnivores don‘t chew their food. Unlike carbohydrate-digesting enzymes, protein-digesting enzymes cannot be released in the mouth due to the potential of damaging the oral cavity (auto digestion). Therefore, carnivores do not mi ...
Cholesterol and its transport
... Sources of cholesterol: 1. the diet, 2. de novo synthesis from acetyl-CoA (liver) Utilization of cholesterol: 1. the synthesis of bile acids, 2. building block for cell membranes, 3. stored in the form of lipid droplets, following esterification with fatty acids, 4. formation of VLDL (supply oth ...
... Sources of cholesterol: 1. the diet, 2. de novo synthesis from acetyl-CoA (liver) Utilization of cholesterol: 1. the synthesis of bile acids, 2. building block for cell membranes, 3. stored in the form of lipid droplets, following esterification with fatty acids, 4. formation of VLDL (supply oth ...
Digestion
Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma. In certain organisms, these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream. Digestion is a form of catabolism that is often divided into two processes based on how food is broken down: mechanical and chemical digestion. The term mechanical digestion refers to the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces which can subsequently be accessed by digestive enzymes. In chemical digestion, enzymes break down food into the small molecules the body can use.In the human digestive system, food enters the mouth and mechanical digestion of the food starts by the action of mastication (chewing), a form of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva. Saliva, a liquid secreted by the salivary glands, contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which starts the digestion of starch in the food; the saliva also contains mucus, which lubricates the food, and hydrogen carbonate, which provides the ideal conditions of pH (alkaline) for amylase to work. After undergoing mastication and starch digestion, the food will be in the form of a small, round slurry mass called a bolus. It will then travel down the esophagus and into the stomach by the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice in the stomach starts protein digestion. Gastric juice mainly contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin. As these two chemicals may damage the stomach wall, mucus is secreted by the stomach, providing a slimy layer that acts as a shield against the damaging effects of the chemicals. At the same time protein digestion is occurring, mechanical mixing occurs by peristalsis, which is waves of muscular contractions that move along the stomach wall. This allows the mass of food to further mix with the digestive enzymes.After some time (typically 1–2 hours in humans, 4–6 hours in dogs, 3–4 hours in house cats), the resulting thick liquid is called chyme. When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile juice from the liver and then passes through the small intestine, in which digestion continues. When the chyme is fully digested, it is absorbed into the blood. 95% of absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine. Water and minerals are reabsorbed back into the blood in the colon (large intestine) where the pH is slightly acidic about 5.6 ~ 6.9. Some vitamins, such as biotin and vitamin K (K2MK7) produced by bacteria in the colon are also absorbed into the blood in the colon. Waste material is eliminated from the rectum during defecation.