Chapter 3 - GEOCITIES.ws
... 41. What type of biomolecule makes up muscle tissue, hair, and enzymes? A. Protein ...
... 41. What type of biomolecule makes up muscle tissue, hair, and enzymes? A. Protein ...
Production of Poly Hydroxybutyric Acid with B megaterium
... megaterium to produce the most poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) by utilizing a UV spectrophotometer to compare the differing absorbance values of the bacterial byproducts at 235 nm and by employing a standard curve to calculate the dry weight of PHB in each media. One of the ultimate goals of experi ...
... megaterium to produce the most poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) by utilizing a UV spectrophotometer to compare the differing absorbance values of the bacterial byproducts at 235 nm and by employing a standard curve to calculate the dry weight of PHB in each media. One of the ultimate goals of experi ...
Chem 11 Spring 2012 Practice Final
... 33) Most enzymes are A) fluid-mosaic proteins. B) induced proteins. C) substrate proteins. D) fibrous proteins. E) globular proteins. 34) In any reaction catalyzed by an enzyme, the reacting molecule is called the A) substrate. B) cofactor. C) coenzyme. D) isozyme. E) allostere. 35) The presence of ...
... 33) Most enzymes are A) fluid-mosaic proteins. B) induced proteins. C) substrate proteins. D) fibrous proteins. E) globular proteins. 34) In any reaction catalyzed by an enzyme, the reacting molecule is called the A) substrate. B) cofactor. C) coenzyme. D) isozyme. E) allostere. 35) The presence of ...
Problem-Set Solutions
... 26.11 Protein turnover is the repetitive process in which proteins are degraded and resynthesized in the human body. 26.12 Enzymes and regulatory hormones have higher turnover rates than other proteins. 26.13 Nitrogen balance is the state that results when the amount of nitrogen taken into the body ...
... 26.11 Protein turnover is the repetitive process in which proteins are degraded and resynthesized in the human body. 26.12 Enzymes and regulatory hormones have higher turnover rates than other proteins. 26.13 Nitrogen balance is the state that results when the amount of nitrogen taken into the body ...
A New Type of a Multifunctional ß
... Figure 1. Most common pathways for the degradation of fatty acid CoA esters by -oxidation enzymes in the different organisms. In the first reaction of the -oxidation cycle, acyl-CoA esters are desaturated to ⌬2-trans enoyl-CoA esters by acyl CoA oxidases or acyl CoA dehydrogenases. Oxidases are lo ...
... Figure 1. Most common pathways for the degradation of fatty acid CoA esters by -oxidation enzymes in the different organisms. In the first reaction of the -oxidation cycle, acyl-CoA esters are desaturated to ⌬2-trans enoyl-CoA esters by acyl CoA oxidases or acyl CoA dehydrogenases. Oxidases are lo ...
Metabolic Pathways and Energy Production
... Stage 1: Digestion of Carbohydrates In Stage 1, the digestion of carbohydrates Begins in the mouth where salivary amylase breaks down polysaccharides to smaller polysaccharides (dextrins), maltose, and some glucose. Continues in the small intestine where pancreatic amylase hydrolyzes dextrins t ...
... Stage 1: Digestion of Carbohydrates In Stage 1, the digestion of carbohydrates Begins in the mouth where salivary amylase breaks down polysaccharides to smaller polysaccharides (dextrins), maltose, and some glucose. Continues in the small intestine where pancreatic amylase hydrolyzes dextrins t ...
kbook or W METABOLIC DISEASE
... If we use this set of criteria we can define six classes of essential nutrients that we obtain from eating food: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals and water. Later in this module we will examine each of these essential nutrients in more detail. You may already be able to list some ...
... If we use this set of criteria we can define six classes of essential nutrients that we obtain from eating food: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals and water. Later in this module we will examine each of these essential nutrients in more detail. You may already be able to list some ...
Biochemistry of Ensiling - DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska
... products. The most active bacteria are the enterobacteria and LAB. The acidic end products reduce silage pH and favor growth of the more acid-tolerant LAB. When substrate is not limiting, LAB dominate the fermentation, producing lactic acid and acidify the silage until a pH is attained which suppres ...
... products. The most active bacteria are the enterobacteria and LAB. The acidic end products reduce silage pH and favor growth of the more acid-tolerant LAB. When substrate is not limiting, LAB dominate the fermentation, producing lactic acid and acidify the silage until a pH is attained which suppres ...
Karbohidrat Metabolizması
... • Presence of G-6-Pase in ER of liver and kidney cells makes gluconeogenesis possible • Muscle and brain do not do gluconeogenesis • G-6-P is hydrolyzed as it passes into the ER • ER vesicles filled with glucose diffuse to the plasma membrane, fuse with it and open, releasing glucose into the bloods ...
... • Presence of G-6-Pase in ER of liver and kidney cells makes gluconeogenesis possible • Muscle and brain do not do gluconeogenesis • G-6-P is hydrolyzed as it passes into the ER • ER vesicles filled with glucose diffuse to the plasma membrane, fuse with it and open, releasing glucose into the bloods ...
biochemistry - Textbooks Online
... Endocytosis is the active process of engulfing large size particles of food substances or foreign substances. Depending upon the nature of the material that is ingested, endocytosis may be classified into two. Pinocytosis, in which the fluid material is engulfed and phagocytosis, in which large size ...
... Endocytosis is the active process of engulfing large size particles of food substances or foreign substances. Depending upon the nature of the material that is ingested, endocytosis may be classified into two. Pinocytosis, in which the fluid material is engulfed and phagocytosis, in which large size ...
Karbohidrat Metabolizması
... • Presence of G-6-Pase in ER of liver and kidney cells makes gluconeogenesis possible • Muscle and brain do not do gluconeogenesis • G-6-P is hydrolyzed as it passes into the ER • ER vesicles filled with glucose diffuse to the plasma membrane, fuse with it and open, releasing glucose into the bloods ...
... • Presence of G-6-Pase in ER of liver and kidney cells makes gluconeogenesis possible • Muscle and brain do not do gluconeogenesis • G-6-P is hydrolyzed as it passes into the ER • ER vesicles filled with glucose diffuse to the plasma membrane, fuse with it and open, releasing glucose into the bloods ...
Biochemistry: A Short Course
... In the mitochondria, carnitine acyltransferase II transfers the fatty acid to CoA. The fatty acyl CoA is now ready to be degraded in the mitochondria by β-oxidation. ...
... In the mitochondria, carnitine acyltransferase II transfers the fatty acid to CoA. The fatty acyl CoA is now ready to be degraded in the mitochondria by β-oxidation. ...
The topology of the proton translocating F0 component of the ATP
... individual F0 subunits and their possible cleavage products in conventional SOS-gel electrophoresis systems. Two systems were developed to monitor the F 0 subunits. (i) After SOS-gel electrophoresis the separated proteins were transferred onto nitrocellulose sheets and the F 0 subunits visualized by ...
... individual F0 subunits and their possible cleavage products in conventional SOS-gel electrophoresis systems. Two systems were developed to monitor the F 0 subunits. (i) After SOS-gel electrophoresis the separated proteins were transferred onto nitrocellulose sheets and the F 0 subunits visualized by ...
... Collagen is a major structural protein in the connective tissue of animal skin and bone. The structural unit of collagen is tropocollagen, a rod-shaped protein consisting of three polypeptides unit (called α-chains) intertwined to form a triple-helical structure [1]. Each polypeptide chain forms a l ...
Chapter 24
... pyruvate to glucose does not occur by reversing the steps of glucose to pyruvate. ...
... pyruvate to glucose does not occur by reversing the steps of glucose to pyruvate. ...
(ATP). - WordPress.com
... Hydrolysis of ATP Every time we contract muscles, move substances across cellular membranes, send nerve signals, or synthesize an enzyme, we use energy from ATP hydrolysis. The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP releases 7.3 kcal. ATP ADP + Pi + 7.3 kcal/mole ADP AMP + Pi + 7.3 kcal/mole ...
... Hydrolysis of ATP Every time we contract muscles, move substances across cellular membranes, send nerve signals, or synthesize an enzyme, we use energy from ATP hydrolysis. The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP releases 7.3 kcal. ATP ADP + Pi + 7.3 kcal/mole ADP AMP + Pi + 7.3 kcal/mole ...
Correlation of an Immobilized Digestive Enzyme Assay with Poultry
... The cost of feed represents >65% of the bird arriving at a US processing plant (July 2005 Agri Stats); therefore a more precise knowledge of the nutritional value of feed ingredients would enable the formulation of diets that more closely meet amino acid requirements. In vitro and in vivo techniques ...
... The cost of feed represents >65% of the bird arriving at a US processing plant (July 2005 Agri Stats); therefore a more precise knowledge of the nutritional value of feed ingredients would enable the formulation of diets that more closely meet amino acid requirements. In vitro and in vivo techniques ...
" Enzymes "
... the enzyme be in the protonated form (-NH3+) at alkaline pH this group is deprotonated and the rate of reaction therefore declines. Extreme pH can also lead to denaturation of the enzyme, because the structure of the catalytically active protein molecule depends on the ionic character of the amino a ...
... the enzyme be in the protonated form (-NH3+) at alkaline pH this group is deprotonated and the rate of reaction therefore declines. Extreme pH can also lead to denaturation of the enzyme, because the structure of the catalytically active protein molecule depends on the ionic character of the amino a ...
Antioxidant activity of anacardic acids Food Chemistry
... (C15:3) and salicylic acid on autoxidation of linoleic acid were first tested by the ferric thiocyanate method, as previously described (Osawa & Namiki, 1981). In a control reaction, the production of lipid peroxide increased almost linearly during 8 days of incubation. a-Tocopherol, also known as vi ...
... (C15:3) and salicylic acid on autoxidation of linoleic acid were first tested by the ferric thiocyanate method, as previously described (Osawa & Namiki, 1981). In a control reaction, the production of lipid peroxide increased almost linearly during 8 days of incubation. a-Tocopherol, also known as vi ...
Enzyme Catalysis - faculty at Chemeketa
... Penicillin: War of Enzyme against Enzyme. • Produced by mold, it prevents growth of bacteria by successfully competing for active sites on an enzyme that bacteria need for cell wall production. 1. Bacteria need the enzyme transpeptidase to make their cell walls rigid and cross-linked. 2. Penicillin ...
... Penicillin: War of Enzyme against Enzyme. • Produced by mold, it prevents growth of bacteria by successfully competing for active sites on an enzyme that bacteria need for cell wall production. 1. Bacteria need the enzyme transpeptidase to make their cell walls rigid and cross-linked. 2. Penicillin ...
Problem-Set Solutions
... which can enter the glycolytic pathway as the first intermediate in that pathway. Since brain and muscle cells do not produce glucose, these cells can use glycogen for energy production only. 24.64 It enters already phosphorylated, and thus an ATP does not need to be expended to phosphorylate it. 24 ...
... which can enter the glycolytic pathway as the first intermediate in that pathway. Since brain and muscle cells do not produce glucose, these cells can use glycogen for energy production only. 24.64 It enters already phosphorylated, and thus an ATP does not need to be expended to phosphorylate it. 24 ...
Proteins
... Transcription is the process of making an RNA copy of a gene sequence, called a messenger RNA (mRNA). This occurs in the nucleus of the cell. Translation is the process of translating the sequence of mRNA to a sequence of amino acids that will result in a protein. This occurs in the cytoplasm of the ...
... Transcription is the process of making an RNA copy of a gene sequence, called a messenger RNA (mRNA). This occurs in the nucleus of the cell. Translation is the process of translating the sequence of mRNA to a sequence of amino acids that will result in a protein. This occurs in the cytoplasm of the ...
Lesson 8. Enzymes
... of substrates, or second substrates, which are common to many different holoenzymes. In all cases, the coenzymes donate the carried chemical grouping to an acceptor molecule and are thus regenerated to their original form. This regeneration of coenzyme and holoenzyme fulfills the definition of an en ...
... of substrates, or second substrates, which are common to many different holoenzymes. In all cases, the coenzymes donate the carried chemical grouping to an acceptor molecule and are thus regenerated to their original form. This regeneration of coenzyme and holoenzyme fulfills the definition of an en ...
Amino Acids - faculty at Chemeketa
... Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
PPT File
... 2. Michael Polani (1921), Haldane (1930), and Linus Pauling (1946) proposed the modern notion of enzymatic catalysis: in order to catalyze reactions, an enzyme must be complementary to the reaction transition state. Weak binding interactions between the enzyme and the substrate provide a substantial ...
... 2. Michael Polani (1921), Haldane (1930), and Linus Pauling (1946) proposed the modern notion of enzymatic catalysis: in order to catalyze reactions, an enzyme must be complementary to the reaction transition state. Weak binding interactions between the enzyme and the substrate provide a substantial ...
Digestion
Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma. In certain organisms, these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream. Digestion is a form of catabolism that is often divided into two processes based on how food is broken down: mechanical and chemical digestion. The term mechanical digestion refers to the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces which can subsequently be accessed by digestive enzymes. In chemical digestion, enzymes break down food into the small molecules the body can use.In the human digestive system, food enters the mouth and mechanical digestion of the food starts by the action of mastication (chewing), a form of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva. Saliva, a liquid secreted by the salivary glands, contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which starts the digestion of starch in the food; the saliva also contains mucus, which lubricates the food, and hydrogen carbonate, which provides the ideal conditions of pH (alkaline) for amylase to work. After undergoing mastication and starch digestion, the food will be in the form of a small, round slurry mass called a bolus. It will then travel down the esophagus and into the stomach by the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice in the stomach starts protein digestion. Gastric juice mainly contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin. As these two chemicals may damage the stomach wall, mucus is secreted by the stomach, providing a slimy layer that acts as a shield against the damaging effects of the chemicals. At the same time protein digestion is occurring, mechanical mixing occurs by peristalsis, which is waves of muscular contractions that move along the stomach wall. This allows the mass of food to further mix with the digestive enzymes.After some time (typically 1–2 hours in humans, 4–6 hours in dogs, 3–4 hours in house cats), the resulting thick liquid is called chyme. When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile juice from the liver and then passes through the small intestine, in which digestion continues. When the chyme is fully digested, it is absorbed into the blood. 95% of absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine. Water and minerals are reabsorbed back into the blood in the colon (large intestine) where the pH is slightly acidic about 5.6 ~ 6.9. Some vitamins, such as biotin and vitamin K (K2MK7) produced by bacteria in the colon are also absorbed into the blood in the colon. Waste material is eliminated from the rectum during defecation.