CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
... o Glucokinase, a liver-specific enzyme whose biosynthesis is induced by insulin in response to high blood glucose levels, has a high Km (about 10 mM) and high Vmax for glucose, and is not product-inhibited. The liver does not use glucose as its preferred fuel. Rather, it stores glucose as glycogen w ...
... o Glucokinase, a liver-specific enzyme whose biosynthesis is induced by insulin in response to high blood glucose levels, has a high Km (about 10 mM) and high Vmax for glucose, and is not product-inhibited. The liver does not use glucose as its preferred fuel. Rather, it stores glucose as glycogen w ...
第六章 脂类代谢
... adipocytes are hydrolyzed by lipases, to produce free fatty acids (FFA) and glycerol, which are released to the blood, this process is called fat mobilization. ...
... adipocytes are hydrolyzed by lipases, to produce free fatty acids (FFA) and glycerol, which are released to the blood, this process is called fat mobilization. ...
第六章 脂类代谢
... adipocytes are hydrolyzed by lipases, to produce free fatty acids (FFA) and glycerol, which are released to the blood, this process is called fat mobilization. ...
... adipocytes are hydrolyzed by lipases, to produce free fatty acids (FFA) and glycerol, which are released to the blood, this process is called fat mobilization. ...
BI25M1
... In contrast, those C atoms that flow to acetyl CoA or acetoacetate [filled arrows in the diagram], can flow to fatty acids and (other) ketone ...
... In contrast, those C atoms that flow to acetyl CoA or acetoacetate [filled arrows in the diagram], can flow to fatty acids and (other) ketone ...
Growth, digestive and absorptive capacity and
... threonine on digestive and absorptive capacity of herbivorous grass carp (Ctenopharyngodonidella). The function of fish digestive organ is correlated with its development [9]. Threonine has been shown to improve intestinal folds height in juvenile Jian carp [5], as well as anterior intestinal villus ...
... threonine on digestive and absorptive capacity of herbivorous grass carp (Ctenopharyngodonidella). The function of fish digestive organ is correlated with its development [9]. Threonine has been shown to improve intestinal folds height in juvenile Jian carp [5], as well as anterior intestinal villus ...
Lactobacillus sanfrancisco a key sourdough lactic acid bacterium: a
... (Fig. 1) in a molar ratio of about 1:1 (Stolz et al. 1993, Gobbetti et al. 1994c). The glucose1-phosphate produced by maltose phosphorylase is further metabolized, whereas glucose is not utilized but excreted outside the cell in order to avoid excessive intracellular concentrations. Excretion of glu ...
... (Fig. 1) in a molar ratio of about 1:1 (Stolz et al. 1993, Gobbetti et al. 1994c). The glucose1-phosphate produced by maltose phosphorylase is further metabolized, whereas glucose is not utilized but excreted outside the cell in order to avoid excessive intracellular concentrations. Excretion of glu ...
glucose - WordPress.com
... If there is a lot of ATP in the cell, then glycolysis is not necessary.. ATP will build at an allosteric site and inhibit binding of F6-P. ...
... If there is a lot of ATP in the cell, then glycolysis is not necessary.. ATP will build at an allosteric site and inhibit binding of F6-P. ...
The Distribution of apDiaminopimellc Acid among various Micro
... acid, washmg was not essential and was omitted if not convenient. The organisms were dried, either a t 100' or by acetone washing. E ~ ~ m i ~ m $for & mdiaminopimelic acid. The essentials of the procedure for examining hydrolysates of micro-organisms for diaminopimelic acid have already been descri ...
... acid, washmg was not essential and was omitted if not convenient. The organisms were dried, either a t 100' or by acetone washing. E ~ ~ m i ~ m $for & mdiaminopimelic acid. The essentials of the procedure for examining hydrolysates of micro-organisms for diaminopimelic acid have already been descri ...
The Effect of L-Carnitine Treatment on Lactic Acid Levels in Normal
... levels and glucose during the oral glucose tolerance test were investigated. Methods: The blood was collected at the initial, first and second hours during the oral glucose tolerance test. The oral glucose tolerance test was repeated after oral carnitine therapy (3 gr/day) for seven days. According ...
... levels and glucose during the oral glucose tolerance test were investigated. Methods: The blood was collected at the initial, first and second hours during the oral glucose tolerance test. The oral glucose tolerance test was repeated after oral carnitine therapy (3 gr/day) for seven days. According ...
Document
... based on the organism and cellular conditions. Fermentation - subsequent processing under anaerobic conditions. ...
... based on the organism and cellular conditions. Fermentation - subsequent processing under anaerobic conditions. ...
Chapter 15
... Galactosemia is a disorder that affects how the body processes a simple sugar called galactose. A small amount of galactose is present in many foods. It is primarily part of a larger sugar called lactose, which is found in all dairy products and many baby formulas. The signs and symptoms of galacto ...
... Galactosemia is a disorder that affects how the body processes a simple sugar called galactose. A small amount of galactose is present in many foods. It is primarily part of a larger sugar called lactose, which is found in all dairy products and many baby formulas. The signs and symptoms of galacto ...
Ph.D. Thesis_Erban_Tomas
... house dust mites are found mostly in house dust where they can feed on the shed skin of humans and domestic animals. Stored product mites are usually found in grain or in various cereal products. In addition to the digestion of food, enzymes play an important role in the interaction between mites an ...
... house dust mites are found mostly in house dust where they can feed on the shed skin of humans and domestic animals. Stored product mites are usually found in grain or in various cereal products. In addition to the digestion of food, enzymes play an important role in the interaction between mites an ...
Formate Dehydrogenase, an Enzyme of Anaerobic Metabolism, Is
... identified as a 36-kD peptide (Suzuki et al., 1995). Three proteins (C, W, and Y) were successfully sequenced. The N-terminal sequence of protein W was sequenced by Edman degradation, but the N termini of C and Y appeared to be blocked. The W protein appeared to be FDH (EC 1.2.1.2) based on homology ...
... identified as a 36-kD peptide (Suzuki et al., 1995). Three proteins (C, W, and Y) were successfully sequenced. The N-terminal sequence of protein W was sequenced by Edman degradation, but the N termini of C and Y appeared to be blocked. The W protein appeared to be FDH (EC 1.2.1.2) based on homology ...
POLYPEPTIDE SEQUENCING
... However the side-chain amine groups in lysine (Lys) and ornithine (Orn, whose side chain is one methylene shorter than lysine) react as well, but these can also be identified using chromatographic separation and by reference to standards ...
... However the side-chain amine groups in lysine (Lys) and ornithine (Orn, whose side chain is one methylene shorter than lysine) react as well, but these can also be identified using chromatographic separation and by reference to standards ...
Metabolism of Lipids
... Major digestion of all lipids in the lumen of the duodenum/jejunum by pancreatic lipolytic enzymes Bile acid facilitated formation of mixed micelles that present the lipolytic products to the mucosal surface, followed later by enterohepatic bile acid recycling Passive absorption of the lipolytic pro ...
... Major digestion of all lipids in the lumen of the duodenum/jejunum by pancreatic lipolytic enzymes Bile acid facilitated formation of mixed micelles that present the lipolytic products to the mucosal surface, followed later by enterohepatic bile acid recycling Passive absorption of the lipolytic pro ...
Germinated lupine, Alkaloids, Stachyose, Raffinose, Availability of
... detriment in traditional food intake; this is leading to a state of protein-calorie malnutrition, with deteriorating health and increased morbidity and mortality from chronic diseases [2]. The increase in production and consumption of lupine, can help change this situation, through the offering of a ...
... detriment in traditional food intake; this is leading to a state of protein-calorie malnutrition, with deteriorating health and increased morbidity and mortality from chronic diseases [2]. The increase in production and consumption of lupine, can help change this situation, through the offering of a ...
revised Protein and polypeptide hormones
... a) Hypothalamic Factors (Hormones) - The hypothalamic "releasing factors" or "releasing hormones" have no well established trivial names. It is recommended that the trivial names given in the "Appendix" be used for the releasing factors (hormones). They are based on the ending "liberin" added to the ...
... a) Hypothalamic Factors (Hormones) - The hypothalamic "releasing factors" or "releasing hormones" have no well established trivial names. It is recommended that the trivial names given in the "Appendix" be used for the releasing factors (hormones). They are based on the ending "liberin" added to the ...
Semmelweis University Department of Medical Biochemistry
... facultative practical exams are graded by 0,1 or 2 points. Only 1 and 2 points are accepted for the semifinal examination. (II)Practical exam as a part of the semifinal examination: Students get one question based on the attached “List of practical questions” and answer it in written form (in 15 min ...
... facultative practical exams are graded by 0,1 or 2 points. Only 1 and 2 points are accepted for the semifinal examination. (II)Practical exam as a part of the semifinal examination: Students get one question based on the attached “List of practical questions” and answer it in written form (in 15 min ...
Enzymes
... • It is bound to an active site but not converted by the enzyme. • Vmax value is unchanged. • KM value is elevated (it is necessary to add more S to reach the original enzyme activity) ↓afinity of enzyme to its S. • If concentration of a substrate is increased the inhibition is ...
... • It is bound to an active site but not converted by the enzyme. • Vmax value is unchanged. • KM value is elevated (it is necessary to add more S to reach the original enzyme activity) ↓afinity of enzyme to its S. • If concentration of a substrate is increased the inhibition is ...
Enzymes - Weber State University
... from binding. It therefore reduces the number of ES complexes that may form, slowing the reaction velocity. Competitive inhibition can be overcome by increasing substrate concentration. Noncompetitive Inhibition: An inhibitor molecule binds to a different site other than the active site, decreasing ...
... from binding. It therefore reduces the number of ES complexes that may form, slowing the reaction velocity. Competitive inhibition can be overcome by increasing substrate concentration. Noncompetitive Inhibition: An inhibitor molecule binds to a different site other than the active site, decreasing ...
Enzymes
... from binding. It therefore reduces the number of ES complexes that may form, slowing the reaction velocity. Competitive inhibition can be overcome by increasing substrate concentration. Noncompetitive Inhibition: An inhibitor molecule binds to a different site other than the active site, decreasing ...
... from binding. It therefore reduces the number of ES complexes that may form, slowing the reaction velocity. Competitive inhibition can be overcome by increasing substrate concentration. Noncompetitive Inhibition: An inhibitor molecule binds to a different site other than the active site, decreasing ...
Unit One: Introduction to Physiology: The Cell and General
... Glucagon and Its Functions • Somatostatin Inhibits Glucagon and Insulin Secretion a. Almost all factors related to the ingestion of food stimulate somatostatin secretion (increased amino acids, fatty acids, GI hormones, blood glucose) b. Acts locally within the islets to decrease secretion of insul ...
... Glucagon and Its Functions • Somatostatin Inhibits Glucagon and Insulin Secretion a. Almost all factors related to the ingestion of food stimulate somatostatin secretion (increased amino acids, fatty acids, GI hormones, blood glucose) b. Acts locally within the islets to decrease secretion of insul ...
Fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism in prokaryotes
... membrane lipid synthesis are mainly integral inner membrane proteins. The differences between the bacterial and mammalian enzymes offer attractive targets for novel antimicrobial drugs, and this has been a driving force behind much of the recent research. The study of phospholipid enzymology in E. c ...
... membrane lipid synthesis are mainly integral inner membrane proteins. The differences between the bacterial and mammalian enzymes offer attractive targets for novel antimicrobial drugs, and this has been a driving force behind much of the recent research. The study of phospholipid enzymology in E. c ...
Protein Nutrition of Dairy Cattle – An Overview
... amino acid composition of ruminant products. In contrast, estimates of amino acid requirements for maintenance have remained elusive. Our comprehension of amino acid (and protein) metabolism and requirements for animals and humans is based on knowledge gained from thousands of studies conducted with ...
... amino acid composition of ruminant products. In contrast, estimates of amino acid requirements for maintenance have remained elusive. Our comprehension of amino acid (and protein) metabolism and requirements for animals and humans is based on knowledge gained from thousands of studies conducted with ...
Full Text PDF
... the toxic side effects of drugs. Therefore, reliable analytical methods to quantify activated carboxylic acids are essential. In this study, we focused on acyl glycosides, one of the activated forms of carboxylic acids, and developed a highly sensitive method to determine these substances in biologi ...
... the toxic side effects of drugs. Therefore, reliable analytical methods to quantify activated carboxylic acids are essential. In this study, we focused on acyl glycosides, one of the activated forms of carboxylic acids, and developed a highly sensitive method to determine these substances in biologi ...
Digestion
Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma. In certain organisms, these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream. Digestion is a form of catabolism that is often divided into two processes based on how food is broken down: mechanical and chemical digestion. The term mechanical digestion refers to the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces which can subsequently be accessed by digestive enzymes. In chemical digestion, enzymes break down food into the small molecules the body can use.In the human digestive system, food enters the mouth and mechanical digestion of the food starts by the action of mastication (chewing), a form of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva. Saliva, a liquid secreted by the salivary glands, contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which starts the digestion of starch in the food; the saliva also contains mucus, which lubricates the food, and hydrogen carbonate, which provides the ideal conditions of pH (alkaline) for amylase to work. After undergoing mastication and starch digestion, the food will be in the form of a small, round slurry mass called a bolus. It will then travel down the esophagus and into the stomach by the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice in the stomach starts protein digestion. Gastric juice mainly contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin. As these two chemicals may damage the stomach wall, mucus is secreted by the stomach, providing a slimy layer that acts as a shield against the damaging effects of the chemicals. At the same time protein digestion is occurring, mechanical mixing occurs by peristalsis, which is waves of muscular contractions that move along the stomach wall. This allows the mass of food to further mix with the digestive enzymes.After some time (typically 1–2 hours in humans, 4–6 hours in dogs, 3–4 hours in house cats), the resulting thick liquid is called chyme. When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile juice from the liver and then passes through the small intestine, in which digestion continues. When the chyme is fully digested, it is absorbed into the blood. 95% of absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine. Water and minerals are reabsorbed back into the blood in the colon (large intestine) where the pH is slightly acidic about 5.6 ~ 6.9. Some vitamins, such as biotin and vitamin K (K2MK7) produced by bacteria in the colon are also absorbed into the blood in the colon. Waste material is eliminated from the rectum during defecation.