Review Sheet for Exam Two
... mitochondria (role of carnitine and associated proteins). Steps of fatty acid oxidation (know the structures). Stoichiometry of energy production. Enzyme activities required for unsaturated and/or polyunsaturated fatty acids. Activity required for odd chain fatty acids. Role of propionyl CoA, methyl ...
... mitochondria (role of carnitine and associated proteins). Steps of fatty acid oxidation (know the structures). Stoichiometry of energy production. Enzyme activities required for unsaturated and/or polyunsaturated fatty acids. Activity required for odd chain fatty acids. Role of propionyl CoA, methyl ...
Catabolism of Carbon Skeletons of AAs1.06 MB
... • Amino acids may be either glucogenic or ketogenic . • These amino acids that feed carbons into TCA cycle at the level of α-ketoglutarate, succinyl coA, fumarate or oxaloacetate and those that produce pyruvate ,can produce glucose via gluconeogenesis and are glucogenic (alanine, arginine, asparag ...
... • Amino acids may be either glucogenic or ketogenic . • These amino acids that feed carbons into TCA cycle at the level of α-ketoglutarate, succinyl coA, fumarate or oxaloacetate and those that produce pyruvate ,can produce glucose via gluconeogenesis and are glucogenic (alanine, arginine, asparag ...
Enzyme Shape
... a direct effect on how it catalyzes a reaction. Why do enzymes have different shapes? An enzyme’s shape is determined by the sequence of amino acids in its structure, and the bonds which form between the atoms of those molecules. Different types of enzymes have different shapes and functions because ...
... a direct effect on how it catalyzes a reaction. Why do enzymes have different shapes? An enzyme’s shape is determined by the sequence of amino acids in its structure, and the bonds which form between the atoms of those molecules. Different types of enzymes have different shapes and functions because ...
No Slide Title
... Lipids • One end is hydrophilic, the other hydrophobic • Often polymers (few large instead of many small subunits, fatty acid derivatives) • Used for: – Energy storage, e.g., fats and oils – Chemical messengers (hormones) , e.g., steroids – Chemical defenses , e.g., terpenes – Membranes , e.g., pho ...
... Lipids • One end is hydrophilic, the other hydrophobic • Often polymers (few large instead of many small subunits, fatty acid derivatives) • Used for: – Energy storage, e.g., fats and oils – Chemical messengers (hormones) , e.g., steroids – Chemical defenses , e.g., terpenes – Membranes , e.g., pho ...
RNA and Protein Synthesis
... • UAA = There are 64 codons but only 20 amino acids. So, different codons can code for the same amino acid. ...
... • UAA = There are 64 codons but only 20 amino acids. So, different codons can code for the same amino acid. ...
Translation
... 1. Use Figure 22.3 to determine which template strand DNA sequence (written in the 5' → 3' direc on) specifies the tripeptide with the sequence gly‐ala‐leu. A) GGGGCTCTC B) CTCTCGGGG C) CCCCGAGAG D) GAGAGCCCC 2. Which is not true about the genetic code? A) Some amino acids share the same codon ...
... 1. Use Figure 22.3 to determine which template strand DNA sequence (written in the 5' → 3' direc on) specifies the tripeptide with the sequence gly‐ala‐leu. A) GGGGCTCTC B) CTCTCGGGG C) CCCCGAGAG D) GAGAGCCCC 2. Which is not true about the genetic code? A) Some amino acids share the same codon ...
Molecular Biology Final Exam (Set A)
... DNA is almost always double-stranded, so that each strand of DNA is paired with a complementary, anti-parallel strand. This means that DNA has a very regular structure, typically a Watson-Crick double helix, regardless of its sequence. In contrast, RNA is almost always single-stranded. As an elongat ...
... DNA is almost always double-stranded, so that each strand of DNA is paired with a complementary, anti-parallel strand. This means that DNA has a very regular structure, typically a Watson-Crick double helix, regardless of its sequence. In contrast, RNA is almost always single-stranded. As an elongat ...
02 Chemistry b - Crestwood Local Schools
... Frequently named for the type of reaction they catalyze Enzyme names usually end in -ase Lower activation energy ...
... Frequently named for the type of reaction they catalyze Enzyme names usually end in -ase Lower activation energy ...
Original
... acids bond to form a dipeptide. In this condensation reaction, the two amino acids form a covalent bond (peptide bond) and release a water molecule. ...
... acids bond to form a dipeptide. In this condensation reaction, the two amino acids form a covalent bond (peptide bond) and release a water molecule. ...
Syllabus Notes - Southwest High School
... Outline the role of condensation and hydrolysis in the relationships between 2 monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides; fatty acids, glycerol and glycerides; amino acids, dipeptides and polypeptides. Condensation: connects monomers by taking water out… (dehydration synthesis.) So: 1. conn ...
... Outline the role of condensation and hydrolysis in the relationships between 2 monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides; fatty acids, glycerol and glycerides; amino acids, dipeptides and polypeptides. Condensation: connects monomers by taking water out… (dehydration synthesis.) So: 1. conn ...
Organic Compounds: Carbohydrates
... a. _______________________________ b. _______________________________ c. _______________________________ d. _______________________________ Making Molecules Monomer: single units that make up larger ________________ – like links in a chain! ...
... a. _______________________________ b. _______________________________ c. _______________________________ d. _______________________________ Making Molecules Monomer: single units that make up larger ________________ – like links in a chain! ...
PP Ch_ 2-3 Modified - Maria Regina High School
... When the substrates join together at an ACTIVE SITE of an enzyme, they create a ...
... When the substrates join together at an ACTIVE SITE of an enzyme, they create a ...
Test your Biomolecule Skills! 1. The monomer of carbohydrates are
... peptide bonds meaning _____ water molecules will be lost. If you wanted to break this protein apart into separate amino acids, how many water molecules would you need to put back in? ______ ...
... peptide bonds meaning _____ water molecules will be lost. If you wanted to break this protein apart into separate amino acids, how many water molecules would you need to put back in? ______ ...
Document
... 27. A reactant being catalyzed is knows as the __________________________________________________. 28. The monomers that make up nucleic acids are called __________________________. 29. The four main classes of organic compounds are _____________________________________, ____________________________ ...
... 27. A reactant being catalyzed is knows as the __________________________________________________. 28. The monomers that make up nucleic acids are called __________________________. 29. The four main classes of organic compounds are _____________________________________, ____________________________ ...
Lab Time
... 14. antibodies, contraction, enzymes, certain hormones 15. nitrogen 16. monosaccharides; amino acids; 20; side chain; -NH2 17. adenine; ribose 18. triphosphate 19. ADP + P (phosphate) 20. Enzymes decrease the activation energy of a chemical reaction by orienting molecules (substrate) so that they ar ...
... 14. antibodies, contraction, enzymes, certain hormones 15. nitrogen 16. monosaccharides; amino acids; 20; side chain; -NH2 17. adenine; ribose 18. triphosphate 19. ADP + P (phosphate) 20. Enzymes decrease the activation energy of a chemical reaction by orienting molecules (substrate) so that they ar ...
Ch. 10 Vocabs
... -Replication fork: a Y-shaped point that results when the two strands of a DNA double helix separate so that the DNA molecule can be replicated. -DNA polymerase: an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the DNA molecule. -Semi-conservative replication: in each new DNA double helix, one strand is fr ...
... -Replication fork: a Y-shaped point that results when the two strands of a DNA double helix separate so that the DNA molecule can be replicated. -DNA polymerase: an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the DNA molecule. -Semi-conservative replication: in each new DNA double helix, one strand is fr ...
Carbon Isomers
... • Amino acids are monomers • Amino acid structure – Central carbon atom – Amino group – Carboxyl group – Single hydrogen – Variable R group ...
... • Amino acids are monomers • Amino acid structure – Central carbon atom – Amino group – Carboxyl group – Single hydrogen – Variable R group ...
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.