video slide - SP New Moodle
... is having little or no attraction for water • Lipids are hydrophobic because they consist mostly of hydrocarbons, which form nonpolar covalent bonds ...
... is having little or no attraction for water • Lipids are hydrophobic because they consist mostly of hydrocarbons, which form nonpolar covalent bonds ...
Pantethine is the very reason the body needs B5 in the first place
... corrupted with peroxidized fats, reducing the over activation of liver enzymes and improving the animals’ chances of survival. Preliminary studies in humans also suggest that Pantethine may provide considerable support in fatty liver and hepatitis A. ...
... corrupted with peroxidized fats, reducing the over activation of liver enzymes and improving the animals’ chances of survival. Preliminary studies in humans also suggest that Pantethine may provide considerable support in fatty liver and hepatitis A. ...
Article Evolution of a Genome-Encoded Bias in Amino Acid
... Our first hint that organisms might evolve such a molecular mechanism came in the early days of protein sequencing when tryptophane synthetase, an enzyme in the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway, was sequenced and the alpha subunit was found to contain no tryptophan (Yanofsky 1988). Hardly conclusive, ...
... Our first hint that organisms might evolve such a molecular mechanism came in the early days of protein sequencing when tryptophane synthetase, an enzyme in the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway, was sequenced and the alpha subunit was found to contain no tryptophan (Yanofsky 1988). Hardly conclusive, ...
fed fast cycle
... In liver during fasting, glycogen is degraded first (10-18 hrs of fasting) & then gluconeogenesis (after 18 hrs to secure glucose to brain & other tissues utilizing glucose as a sole fuel). 1- Increased glycogen degradation (glycogenlysis) to produce glucose to blood: exhausted after 10 – 18 hours o ...
... In liver during fasting, glycogen is degraded first (10-18 hrs of fasting) & then gluconeogenesis (after 18 hrs to secure glucose to brain & other tissues utilizing glucose as a sole fuel). 1- Increased glycogen degradation (glycogenlysis) to produce glucose to blood: exhausted after 10 – 18 hours o ...
Hansen Protein Metabolism II
... Ammonia Fixation 1. Glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase • Glutamine synthetase Glu + NH3 + ATP Gln • Glutmate synthase -ketoglutarate + glutamine + NADPH2 2 Glu High affinity for NH3 - Concentrates NH3 in cells – Uses ATP Because of N recycling this reaction may not be that important ...
... Ammonia Fixation 1. Glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase • Glutamine synthetase Glu + NH3 + ATP Gln • Glutmate synthase -ketoglutarate + glutamine + NADPH2 2 Glu High affinity for NH3 - Concentrates NH3 in cells – Uses ATP Because of N recycling this reaction may not be that important ...
Enzymes
... produced by living organisms that can speed up a specific chemical reaction without itself being destroyed or changed in any way. K m: (Michaelis constant) The substrate concentration at which an enzyme catalysed reaction proceeds at half the maximum velocity. V max: (Maximum velocity) The maxim ...
... produced by living organisms that can speed up a specific chemical reaction without itself being destroyed or changed in any way. K m: (Michaelis constant) The substrate concentration at which an enzyme catalysed reaction proceeds at half the maximum velocity. V max: (Maximum velocity) The maxim ...
Chapter 25 Chapter Topics Fatty Acid Biosynthesis
... thiolase and HMG-CoA synthase. • Same intermediates as in ketone body formation, but synthesis occurs in cytoplasm, not in mitochondria. ...
... thiolase and HMG-CoA synthase. • Same intermediates as in ketone body formation, but synthesis occurs in cytoplasm, not in mitochondria. ...
Alignment: pairs of sequences
... "Any [scoring] matrix has an implicit amino acid pair frequency distribution that characterizes the alignments it is optimized for finding. More precisely, let pi be the frequency with which amino acid i occurs in protein sequences and let qij be the freqeuncy with which amino acids i and j are alig ...
... "Any [scoring] matrix has an implicit amino acid pair frequency distribution that characterizes the alignments it is optimized for finding. More precisely, let pi be the frequency with which amino acid i occurs in protein sequences and let qij be the freqeuncy with which amino acids i and j are alig ...
Influence of the Side Chain in the Structure and Fragmentation of
... Moreover, an additional number has been included after (+) to distinguish between conformers with the same amino/ carboxylic intramolecular hydrogen bond pattern. First, it can be noted that structures I(+) and V(+) are not found to be a minima on the potential energy surface since ionization of I o ...
... Moreover, an additional number has been included after (+) to distinguish between conformers with the same amino/ carboxylic intramolecular hydrogen bond pattern. First, it can be noted that structures I(+) and V(+) are not found to be a minima on the potential energy surface since ionization of I o ...
Activity 2.2.3 The Biochemistry of Food
... The foods we eat contain the nutrients and molecules we need to survive. Some of these molecules are used to build our body parts, some are used to drive chemical reactions necessary for life, and others are used as sources of energy. Many of the molecules in our bodies are very large and are made b ...
... The foods we eat contain the nutrients and molecules we need to survive. Some of these molecules are used to build our body parts, some are used to drive chemical reactions necessary for life, and others are used as sources of energy. Many of the molecules in our bodies are very large and are made b ...
Naming Acids and Bases ppt
... Naming Acids: Binary acids • All acids start with H (e.g. HCl, H2SO4) • 2 acids types exist: binary acids and oxyacids Binary: H + non-metal. E.g. HCl Oxy: H + polyatomic ion. E.g. H2SO4 • Each have different naming rules. Binary acids: naming depends on state of acid • If it’s not aqueous: hydroge ...
... Naming Acids: Binary acids • All acids start with H (e.g. HCl, H2SO4) • 2 acids types exist: binary acids and oxyacids Binary: H + non-metal. E.g. HCl Oxy: H + polyatomic ion. E.g. H2SO4 • Each have different naming rules. Binary acids: naming depends on state of acid • If it’s not aqueous: hydroge ...
Chapter 7
... phosphate groups the bonds connecting these groups are “high energy” bonds drawn as wavy lines.-Phos group make it vulnerable to hydrolysis-the reaction readily break the highenergy bonds of ATP splitting off one or two phos group & releasing their energy. These reactions can occur simultaneously wi ...
... phosphate groups the bonds connecting these groups are “high energy” bonds drawn as wavy lines.-Phos group make it vulnerable to hydrolysis-the reaction readily break the highenergy bonds of ATP splitting off one or two phos group & releasing their energy. These reactions can occur simultaneously wi ...
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis: Source of Acetyl-CoA and
... Cast as a central molecule in plant metabolism, acetyl-CoA plays a major role in many interconnecting biochemical pathways. While crucial for de novo fatty acid biosynthesis in plastids and energy production in the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle, acetyl-CoA is also required for the biosynthe ...
... Cast as a central molecule in plant metabolism, acetyl-CoA plays a major role in many interconnecting biochemical pathways. While crucial for de novo fatty acid biosynthesis in plastids and energy production in the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle, acetyl-CoA is also required for the biosynthe ...
Correlations between the Amino Acid and Nucleotide Composition
... I967) that some plant virus nucleic acids, when put into Escherischia coli cell-free protein-producing systems (Nirenberg & Matthaei, I960, induce the formation of proteins like those produced in the host plant. These experiments have not yet been confirmed, and similar experiments with several othe ...
... I967) that some plant virus nucleic acids, when put into Escherischia coli cell-free protein-producing systems (Nirenberg & Matthaei, I960, induce the formation of proteins like those produced in the host plant. These experiments have not yet been confirmed, and similar experiments with several othe ...
View as PDF document
... acetylcholinesterase gene and the protein it encodes can be used to demonstrate a number of biological concepts, including enzyme specificity, competitive inhibition, mutation, characteristics of the genetic code, alternate splice sites, natural selection, bioinformatics, and disease transmission. M ...
... acetylcholinesterase gene and the protein it encodes can be used to demonstrate a number of biological concepts, including enzyme specificity, competitive inhibition, mutation, characteristics of the genetic code, alternate splice sites, natural selection, bioinformatics, and disease transmission. M ...
doc BIOC 311 Final Study Guide
... E. How does pyruvate get to the mitochondria for the Krebs Cycle? 1. Malate-Aspartate Shuttle: Involves reduction of oxaloacetate to malate (via NADH), transport to malate into the mitochondria via the malatealphaketoglutarate carrier, re-reduction of NAD+ (converting malate back to oxaloacetate), a ...
... E. How does pyruvate get to the mitochondria for the Krebs Cycle? 1. Malate-Aspartate Shuttle: Involves reduction of oxaloacetate to malate (via NADH), transport to malate into the mitochondria via the malatealphaketoglutarate carrier, re-reduction of NAD+ (converting malate back to oxaloacetate), a ...
The relative mutability of amino acids
... to the probability that amino acid i mutates into amino acid j for all pairs of amino acids. Substitution matrices are constructed by assembling a large and diverse sample of verified pairwise alignments (or multiple sequence alignments) of amino acids. Substitution matrices should reflect the true ...
... to the probability that amino acid i mutates into amino acid j for all pairs of amino acids. Substitution matrices are constructed by assembling a large and diverse sample of verified pairwise alignments (or multiple sequence alignments) of amino acids. Substitution matrices should reflect the true ...
Chapter 22a
... • Metabolism can be divided into two states • Absorptive (“fed”) state is anabolic • Post-absorptive (“fasted”) state is catabolic ...
... • Metabolism can be divided into two states • Absorptive (“fed”) state is anabolic • Post-absorptive (“fasted”) state is catabolic ...
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.