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Naming Acids and
Bases
Naming Bases
• Bases contain an OH group
• C6H12O6 does not have an OH group
• If an OH group is present it will be clearly
indicated: e.g. NaOH, Ca(OH)2
• Also notice that bases have a metal (or positive
ion such as NH4+ at their beginning)
• Bases are named like other ionic compounds:
• +ve is named first, followed by the polyatomic ion
- calcium hydroxide
Ca(OH)2
- copper(I) hydroxide
CuOH
- Al(OH)3
aluminum hydroxide
- NH4OH
ammonium hydroxide
Naming Acids: Binary acids
• All acids start with H (e.g. HCl, H2SO4)
• 2 acids types exist: binary acids and oxyacids
Binary: H + non-metal. E.g. HCl
Oxy: H + polyatomic ion. E.g. H2SO4
• Each have different naming rules.
Binary acids: naming depends on state of acid
• If it’s not aqueous: hydrogen + non-metal
HCl(g) = hydrogen chloride
• If it is aqueous: hydro + non-metal + ic acid
HCl(aq) = hydrochloric acid (aqueous hydrogen
hydrogen bromide HI(aq) hydr(o)iodic acid
HBr(s)
chloride)
H2S(aq)hydrosulfuric acid H2S(g) hydrogen sulfide
Rules for Naming Acids that Do Not
Contain Oxygen in the Anion:
• Since all these acids have the same cation,
H+, we don't need to name the cation.
• The acid name comes from the root name
of the anion name.
• The prefix hydro- and the suffix -ic are
then added to the root name of the anion.
So, HCl, which contains the anion chloride,
is called hydrochloric acid. HCN, which
contains the polyatomic ion cyanide, is
called hydrocyanic acid.
Rules for Naming Oxyacids
(anion contains the element oxygen)
• Since all these acids have the same
cation, H+, we don't need to name the
cation.
• The acid name comes from the root
name of the polyatomic ion name or the
central element of the polyatomic ion.
• Suffixes are used based on the ending
of the original name of the oxyanion. If
the name of the polyatomic anion
ended with -ate, change it to -ic for the
acid and if it ended with -ite, change it
to -ous in the acid.
• So, HNO3, which contains the polyatomic
ion nitrate, is called nitric acid. The acid
HNO2, which contains the polyatomic ion
nitrite, is called nitrous acid.
Naming Acids: Oxyacids
• Naming does not depend on the state (aq)
1) name the polyatomic ion
2) replace ate with ic, ite with ous
3) change non-metal root for pronunciation
4) add “acid” to the name
E.g. H2SO3
1) sulphite,
2) sulphous,
3) sulphurous, 4) sulphurous acid
HNO2
hypochlorous acid
H3PO4(aq)
carbonic acid
Naming Acids: Oxyacids
• Naming does not depend on the state (aq)
• 1) name the polyatomic ion
2) replace ate with ic, ite with ous
3) change non-metal root for pronunciation
4) add “acid” to the name
E.g. H2SO3
1) sulphite,
2) sulphous,
3) sulphurous, 4) sulphurous acid
HNO2
hypochlorous acid
- nitrous acid
- HClO
H3PO4(aq)
carbonic acid
- phosphoric acid
- H2CO3
• This example uses the halogen chlorine:
• ClO- (hypochlorite ion). Acid name - hypochlorous
acid (HClO)
• ClO2- (chorite ion). Acid name - chlorous acid
(HClO2)
• ClO3- (chlorate ion). Acid name - chloric acid
(HClO3)
• ClO4- (perchlorate ion). Acid name - perchloric
acid (HClO4)
Assignment: give formula or name
a) chloric acid
b) hydrosulfuric acid
c) hydrobromic acid
d) phosphorous acid
e) iodic acid
f) HCl(g)
g) HCl(aq)
h) H2SO4(s)
i) H2SO4(aq)
j) HClO2
k) HF(aq)
a) HClO3
b) H2S(aq)
c) HBr(aq)
d) H3PO3
e) HIO3
f) hydrogen chloride
g) hydrochloric acid
h) Sulfuric acid
i) sulfuric acid
j) chlorous acid
k) hydrofluoric acid