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Transcript
Naming Acids and Bases Naming Bases • Bases contain an OH group • C6H12O6 does not have an OH group • If an OH group is present it will be clearly indicated: e.g. NaOH, Ca(OH)2 • Also notice that bases have a metal (or positive ion such as NH4+ at their beginning) • Bases are named like other ionic compounds: • +ve is named first, followed by the polyatomic ion - calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 - copper(I) hydroxide CuOH - Al(OH)3 aluminum hydroxide - NH4OH ammonium hydroxide Naming Acids: Binary acids • All acids start with H (e.g. HCl, H2SO4) • 2 acids types exist: binary acids and oxyacids Binary: H + non-metal. E.g. HCl Oxy: H + polyatomic ion. E.g. H2SO4 • Each have different naming rules. Binary acids: naming depends on state of acid • If it’s not aqueous: hydrogen + non-metal HCl(g) = hydrogen chloride • If it is aqueous: hydro + non-metal + ic acid HCl(aq) = hydrochloric acid (aqueous hydrogen hydrogen bromide HI(aq) hydr(o)iodic acid HBr(s) chloride) H2S(aq)hydrosulfuric acid H2S(g) hydrogen sulfide Rules for Naming Acids that Do Not Contain Oxygen in the Anion: • Since all these acids have the same cation, H+, we don't need to name the cation. • The acid name comes from the root name of the anion name. • The prefix hydro- and the suffix -ic are then added to the root name of the anion. So, HCl, which contains the anion chloride, is called hydrochloric acid. HCN, which contains the polyatomic ion cyanide, is called hydrocyanic acid. Rules for Naming Oxyacids (anion contains the element oxygen) • Since all these acids have the same cation, H+, we don't need to name the cation. • The acid name comes from the root name of the polyatomic ion name or the central element of the polyatomic ion. • Suffixes are used based on the ending of the original name of the oxyanion. If the name of the polyatomic anion ended with -ate, change it to -ic for the acid and if it ended with -ite, change it to -ous in the acid. • So, HNO3, which contains the polyatomic ion nitrate, is called nitric acid. The acid HNO2, which contains the polyatomic ion nitrite, is called nitrous acid. Naming Acids: Oxyacids • Naming does not depend on the state (aq) 1) name the polyatomic ion 2) replace ate with ic, ite with ous 3) change non-metal root for pronunciation 4) add “acid” to the name E.g. H2SO3 1) sulphite, 2) sulphous, 3) sulphurous, 4) sulphurous acid HNO2 hypochlorous acid H3PO4(aq) carbonic acid Naming Acids: Oxyacids • Naming does not depend on the state (aq) • 1) name the polyatomic ion 2) replace ate with ic, ite with ous 3) change non-metal root for pronunciation 4) add “acid” to the name E.g. H2SO3 1) sulphite, 2) sulphous, 3) sulphurous, 4) sulphurous acid HNO2 hypochlorous acid - nitrous acid - HClO H3PO4(aq) carbonic acid - phosphoric acid - H2CO3 • This example uses the halogen chlorine: • ClO- (hypochlorite ion). Acid name - hypochlorous acid (HClO) • ClO2- (chorite ion). Acid name - chlorous acid (HClO2) • ClO3- (chlorate ion). Acid name - chloric acid (HClO3) • ClO4- (perchlorate ion). Acid name - perchloric acid (HClO4) Assignment: give formula or name a) chloric acid b) hydrosulfuric acid c) hydrobromic acid d) phosphorous acid e) iodic acid f) HCl(g) g) HCl(aq) h) H2SO4(s) i) H2SO4(aq) j) HClO2 k) HF(aq) a) HClO3 b) H2S(aq) c) HBr(aq) d) H3PO3 e) HIO3 f) hydrogen chloride g) hydrochloric acid h) Sulfuric acid i) sulfuric acid j) chlorous acid k) hydrofluoric acid