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... Multiple factors have been shown to play a role in peripheral taste development, the best characterized of which are the Wnt/β-catenin and SHH pathways. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is required for fungiform taste placode formation, whereas the SHH pathway is an important negative regulator of placode ...
... Multiple factors have been shown to play a role in peripheral taste development, the best characterized of which are the Wnt/β-catenin and SHH pathways. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is required for fungiform taste placode formation, whereas the SHH pathway is an important negative regulator of placode ...
Reactive oxygen species are linked to the toxicity of the
... the toxicity of these dinoflagellates to protists (TillThree strains in the Alexandrium tamarense spemann & John 2002, Fistarol et al. 2004). These cies complex (Table 1; hereafter referred to as harmful compounds are often referred to as ‘alleloAlexandrium spp.) and one strain each of the dinochemi ...
... the toxicity of these dinoflagellates to protists (TillThree strains in the Alexandrium tamarense spemann & John 2002, Fistarol et al. 2004). These cies complex (Table 1; hereafter referred to as harmful compounds are often referred to as ‘alleloAlexandrium spp.) and one strain each of the dinochemi ...
Mechanical motion promotes expression of Prg4
... publication date (see http://genesdev.cshlp.org/site/misc/terms.xhtml). After six months, it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported), as described at http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. ...
... publication date (see http://genesdev.cshlp.org/site/misc/terms.xhtml). After six months, it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported), as described at http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. ...
A GH3-like Domain in Reaper Is Required for Mitochondrial
... expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. RFP-DIAP1 was constructed by subcloning RFP upstream of DIAP1 in pRmHa-3. For fluorescence- ...
... expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. RFP-DIAP1 was constructed by subcloning RFP upstream of DIAP1 in pRmHa-3. For fluorescence- ...
ABSTRACT
... First of all, I have to thank my parents and my brothers Brenton and Gareth for giving me all the love and support that I have needed through this arduous process. I would like to thank my brother, Gareth, for being there for me and talking me out to get my mind off of things when I had one of those ...
... First of all, I have to thank my parents and my brothers Brenton and Gareth for giving me all the love and support that I have needed through this arduous process. I would like to thank my brother, Gareth, for being there for me and talking me out to get my mind off of things when I had one of those ...
Targeted wild-type and jerker espins reveal a novel, WH2
... frequency and size were reduced. This was especially the case for the PC12 cells, which expressed each construct at a lower level than Neuro-2a cells. CABs were not observed in either cell line when the GFP-espin was expressed at the 2% level. Under these conditions, the GFP fluorescence was no long ...
... frequency and size were reduced. This was especially the case for the PC12 cells, which expressed each construct at a lower level than Neuro-2a cells. CABs were not observed in either cell line when the GFP-espin was expressed at the 2% level. Under these conditions, the GFP fluorescence was no long ...
Medical Terminology Systems
... • Brenna H. Mayer, Developmental Editor, whose careful and conscientious edits and suggestions for the manuscript are evident throughout the entire work. Her enthusiasm and untiring assistance and support during this project are deeply appreciated and the authors extend their sincerest ...
... • Brenna H. Mayer, Developmental Editor, whose careful and conscientious edits and suggestions for the manuscript are evident throughout the entire work. Her enthusiasm and untiring assistance and support during this project are deeply appreciated and the authors extend their sincerest ...
Microbiology Focus 6.1 - The Role of - Sigma
... compound used against MRSA, may be of importance when treating serious infections by these bacteria, however, its activity against MRSA is only bacteriostatic. In these circumstances, the clinical potential of new drugs for treating MRSA infections is of major interest.1 Moreover, despite the fact t ...
... compound used against MRSA, may be of importance when treating serious infections by these bacteria, however, its activity against MRSA is only bacteriostatic. In these circumstances, the clinical potential of new drugs for treating MRSA infections is of major interest.1 Moreover, despite the fact t ...
Thermogenesis in Muscle
... shared commonancestry in billfishes (Isti0Phoridae, Xiphiidae), variation in structure and function of heater organs can be attributed to adaptive changes rather than different origins of the heater phenotype. For example, the amountof muscle modified into heater cells varies between billfishes, yet ...
... shared commonancestry in billfishes (Isti0Phoridae, Xiphiidae), variation in structure and function of heater organs can be attributed to adaptive changes rather than different origins of the heater phenotype. For example, the amountof muscle modified into heater cells varies between billfishes, yet ...
ETS-dependent regulation of a distal Gata4 cardiac enhancer
... 1967). During embryonic development, endocardial cells perform unique roles in the developing heart: they induce some myocardial cells to form essential trabeculae, ridges of myocardium within the ventricles (Stankunas et al., 2008; Wagner and Siddiqui, 2007), and a subset of specialized cells from ...
... 1967). During embryonic development, endocardial cells perform unique roles in the developing heart: they induce some myocardial cells to form essential trabeculae, ridges of myocardium within the ventricles (Stankunas et al., 2008; Wagner and Siddiqui, 2007), and a subset of specialized cells from ...
Saliva of the Lyme Disease Vector, Lxodes dammini, Blocks
... ixodid ticks require days to weeks to feed to reple(1). This fact would appear to offer at least two obstacles to successful blood feeding for ticks. First, ticks must maintain blood flow and prevent blood clotting over this extended period. Ticks may circumvent these problems via pharmacologically ...
... ixodid ticks require days to weeks to feed to reple(1). This fact would appear to offer at least two obstacles to successful blood feeding for ticks. First, ticks must maintain blood flow and prevent blood clotting over this extended period. Ticks may circumvent these problems via pharmacologically ...
Making an Effort to Listen: Mechanical Amplification in the Ear
... applied to an active bundle is found to produce negative work. This implies that the fiber need not push the bundle through the fluid: the bundle instead pulls the fiber along, unequivocal evidence that the bundle can perform work and amplify its input. ...
... applied to an active bundle is found to produce negative work. This implies that the fiber need not push the bundle through the fluid: the bundle instead pulls the fiber along, unequivocal evidence that the bundle can perform work and amplify its input. ...
Potential mechanisms involved in the absorptive transport of
... thiol S-conjugates of Cd have been hypothesized to be transportable species of Cd along the proximal tubule. Moreover, these conjugates are hypothesized to act as molecular homologues or mimics of l-cystine (Cys-S-S-Cys) and/or l-homocystine, which may allow them to be transported by constituent tra ...
... thiol S-conjugates of Cd have been hypothesized to be transportable species of Cd along the proximal tubule. Moreover, these conjugates are hypothesized to act as molecular homologues or mimics of l-cystine (Cys-S-S-Cys) and/or l-homocystine, which may allow them to be transported by constituent tra ...
Molecular cytogenetic studies and technology development
... The aim of this dissertation was to produce Araceae (aroid) asymmetric somatic intergeneric (between two different genera) hybrids and to use molecular cytogenetic tools to select fusion products. Aroids are monocots that are mostly known for their ornamental values as cut flowers, pot and landscape ...
... The aim of this dissertation was to produce Araceae (aroid) asymmetric somatic intergeneric (between two different genera) hybrids and to use molecular cytogenetic tools to select fusion products. Aroids are monocots that are mostly known for their ornamental values as cut flowers, pot and landscape ...
iv Molecular Mechanisms of Notochord Vacuole
... as it marks the beginning of our phylum, chordata. In vertebrates the notochord arises from the dorsal organizer, also known as the embryonic shield in zebrafish, and is critical for proper vertebrate development (Saude et al., 2000; Shih and Fraser, 1996). The notochord is an important midline stru ...
... as it marks the beginning of our phylum, chordata. In vertebrates the notochord arises from the dorsal organizer, also known as the embryonic shield in zebrafish, and is critical for proper vertebrate development (Saude et al., 2000; Shih and Fraser, 1996). The notochord is an important midline stru ...
Arabidopsis RTM1 and RTM2 Genes Function in Phloem to Restrict
... that RTM1, with a single JR domain, would selfassociate into multimers. To test this hypothesis, the yeast two-hybrid system was used (Finley and Brent, 1996). Quantitative -galactosidase assays were done to test for RTM1:RTM1 self-interaction. A specific interaction was detected in yeast expressin ...
... that RTM1, with a single JR domain, would selfassociate into multimers. To test this hypothesis, the yeast two-hybrid system was used (Finley and Brent, 1996). Quantitative -galactosidase assays were done to test for RTM1:RTM1 self-interaction. A specific interaction was detected in yeast expressin ...
The SOX9 upstream region prone to chromosomal aberrations
... light in 1994 with demonstration that heterozygous mutations within and around human SOX9 cause campomelic * To ...
... light in 1994 with demonstration that heterozygous mutations within and around human SOX9 cause campomelic * To ...
- Gastroenterology
... Under most clinical and experimental conditions, the degree of disease severity in pancreatitis is paralleled by the extent of intrapancreatic trypsinogen activation. It therefore came as a complete surprise to find greatly increased free trypsin activities in the pancreas of Ctsl⫺/⫺ mice during exp ...
... Under most clinical and experimental conditions, the degree of disease severity in pancreatitis is paralleled by the extent of intrapancreatic trypsinogen activation. It therefore came as a complete surprise to find greatly increased free trypsin activities in the pancreas of Ctsl⫺/⫺ mice during exp ...
Anatomical characteristics of roots of citrus rootstocks that vary in
... and its suberin layer, number of passage cells, presence of epidermis, and stelar anatomy were examined and related to variation in root diameter of field roots of known maximum age. We also compared root morphology and anatomy of young roots in the field with those of potted rootstock seedlings in ...
... and its suberin layer, number of passage cells, presence of epidermis, and stelar anatomy were examined and related to variation in root diameter of field roots of known maximum age. We also compared root morphology and anatomy of young roots in the field with those of potted rootstock seedlings in ...
The dorsal neural tube organizes the dermamyotome
... 1992; Goulding et al., 1993, 1994). Recent studies reveal that Sonic hedgehog is produced by the notochord and floor plate at the correct time to induce sclerotome (Johnson et al., 1994) and, furthermore, that heterologous cells expressing Sonic hedgehog can induce sclerotome formation, as assessed ...
... 1992; Goulding et al., 1993, 1994). Recent studies reveal that Sonic hedgehog is produced by the notochord and floor plate at the correct time to induce sclerotome (Johnson et al., 1994) and, furthermore, that heterologous cells expressing Sonic hedgehog can induce sclerotome formation, as assessed ...
Dual role of autophagy in HIV-1 replication and pathogenesis Open Access
... respect to the details of the assays employed and the interpretation of their results [27,28]. For example, punctate dots in fluorescent microscope images do not necessarily represent autophagosomes, as LC3 can form autophagy-independent aggregates within the cell [35]. ...
... respect to the details of the assays employed and the interpretation of their results [27,28]. For example, punctate dots in fluorescent microscope images do not necessarily represent autophagosomes, as LC3 can form autophagy-independent aggregates within the cell [35]. ...
Effects of Episodic Turbulence on Diatoms, with Comments on the Use of Evans Blue Stain for Live-Dead Determinations
... the length at which inertial forces overcome viscous forces; LK was calculated for each turbulence level used in these experiments (Tennekes and Lumley 1976). LK becomes smaller as turbulence intensity increases, creating smaller turbulent eddies. Unless LK is at or below their cell length, phytopla ...
... the length at which inertial forces overcome viscous forces; LK was calculated for each turbulence level used in these experiments (Tennekes and Lumley 1976). LK becomes smaller as turbulence intensity increases, creating smaller turbulent eddies. Unless LK is at or below their cell length, phytopla ...
The mating pair stabilization protein, TraN, of the F plasmid is an
... ability. TraN is a hallmark protein of F-type IV secretion systems as demonstrated by BLAST searches of the databases. The C-terminal region is highly conserved and contains five of the six completely conserved cysteines. Mutation of these residues to serine demonstrated their importance in TraN fun ...
... ability. TraN is a hallmark protein of F-type IV secretion systems as demonstrated by BLAST searches of the databases. The C-terminal region is highly conserved and contains five of the six completely conserved cysteines. Mutation of these residues to serine demonstrated their importance in TraN fun ...
A Lectin with Highly Potent Inhibitory Activity toward Breast
... elicit anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral and antiinsect effects [13,14]. The physiological functions and mechanisms of various animal lectins have been studied precisely [15–18]. However, those of plant lectins have not been clarified. There are still numerous plant lectins yet to ...
... elicit anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral and antiinsect effects [13,14]. The physiological functions and mechanisms of various animal lectins have been studied precisely [15–18]. However, those of plant lectins have not been clarified. There are still numerous plant lectins yet to ...
A role for actin in regulating apoptosis/programmed cell death
... data suggest that actin stabilization can induce mitochondriadependent apoptosis (see Figure 1). The link between apoptosis triggering and actin dynamics is not restricted to scenarios in which F-actin structures are stabilized, as there is also evidence for a similar effect in some animal cells whe ...
... data suggest that actin stabilization can induce mitochondriadependent apoptosis (see Figure 1). The link between apoptosis triggering and actin dynamics is not restricted to scenarios in which F-actin structures are stabilized, as there is also evidence for a similar effect in some animal cells whe ...
Tissue engineering
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions. While it was once categorized as a sub-field of biomaterials, having grown in scope and importance it can be considered as a field in its own right.While most definitions of tissue engineering cover a broad range of applications, in practice the term is closely associated with applications that repair or replace portions of or whole tissues (i.e., bone, cartilage, blood vessels, bladder, skin, muscle etc.). Often, the tissues involved require certain mechanical and structural properties for proper functioning. The term has also been applied to efforts to perform specific biochemical functions using cells within an artificially-created support system (e.g. an artificial pancreas, or a bio artificial liver). The term regenerative medicine is often used synonymously with tissue engineering, although those involved in regenerative medicine place more emphasis on the use of stem cells or progenitor cells to produce tissues.