Change of Extracellular Polymeric Substances Composition of
... divalent cations such as Ca2+ or Mg2+. In the ferrosphere and in case of biofilms of acidophilic leaching bacteria on metal sulfides Fe2+ and Fe3+ have an important function [6,18]. Due to the complex nature of EPS, there is no universal method for its chemical characterization. The latter also requ ...
... divalent cations such as Ca2+ or Mg2+. In the ferrosphere and in case of biofilms of acidophilic leaching bacteria on metal sulfides Fe2+ and Fe3+ have an important function [6,18]. Due to the complex nature of EPS, there is no universal method for its chemical characterization. The latter also requ ...
Mutations in Actin-Related Proteins 2 and 3 Affect Cell Shape
... Arabidopsis contains eight functional actin isoforms (Meagher et al., 2000) and numerous actin-interacting proteins that exhibit a high degree of genetic redundancy (Staiger et al., 2000). Thus, there are at least 5 profilin, 9 ADF (Actin Depolymerization Factor), 3 fimbrin, 4 villin, and 11 Rho-typ ...
... Arabidopsis contains eight functional actin isoforms (Meagher et al., 2000) and numerous actin-interacting proteins that exhibit a high degree of genetic redundancy (Staiger et al., 2000). Thus, there are at least 5 profilin, 9 ADF (Actin Depolymerization Factor), 3 fimbrin, 4 villin, and 11 Rho-typ ...
Cleavage Furrow Establishment—A Preliminary to Cylindrical
... has rarely furnished conclusive information on any of these subjects. Observations of division do not usually permit discrimination between cause and effect and may not reveal whether a structure or phenomenon present during division is causally related to it. That cell division depends upon the ope ...
... has rarely furnished conclusive information on any of these subjects. Observations of division do not usually permit discrimination between cause and effect and may not reveal whether a structure or phenomenon present during division is causally related to it. That cell division depends upon the ope ...
Plastid and Stromule Morphogenesis in Tomato
... stromules that show architectural features such as bifurcation (Fig. 2B) or fusing of stromules to each other or the host plastid body (Fig. 2C) suggesting that such structures could surround adjacent unseen organelles. A more commonly observed type of morphology in tomato trichomes is that of a hig ...
... stromules that show architectural features such as bifurcation (Fig. 2B) or fusing of stromules to each other or the host plastid body (Fig. 2C) suggesting that such structures could surround adjacent unseen organelles. A more commonly observed type of morphology in tomato trichomes is that of a hig ...
Characterization of Dependencies Between Growth and
... and daughter cells [9]. To assess differences in the observed mother and daughter S/G2 /M duration, we performed two-sided nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum tests in the three datasets (Figure 2 and Table I). For this analysis, we separated mother and daughter S/G2 /M durations. We used a subset of th ...
... and daughter cells [9]. To assess differences in the observed mother and daughter S/G2 /M duration, we performed two-sided nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum tests in the three datasets (Figure 2 and Table I). For this analysis, we separated mother and daughter S/G2 /M durations. We used a subset of th ...
The proteasomal deubiquitinating enzyme POH1 promotes the
... these lesions. There are two main mechanisms of repair, non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), which occurs throughout the cell cycle and homologous recombination (HR), which uses the homologous sister chromatid as a template and occurs in late S phase and G2. The assembly of repair proteins to sites of ...
... these lesions. There are two main mechanisms of repair, non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), which occurs throughout the cell cycle and homologous recombination (HR), which uses the homologous sister chromatid as a template and occurs in late S phase and G2. The assembly of repair proteins to sites of ...
Production of fibronectin and collagen types I and III by chick embryo
... conditions, either on primary cultures or suspension cultures, on the amount of type I collagen synthesized: chick embryo tendon cells produce less collagen in vitro than they do in situ (Quinones et al., 1986), However, the addition of extracellular matrix components to the culture medium has been ...
... conditions, either on primary cultures or suspension cultures, on the amount of type I collagen synthesized: chick embryo tendon cells produce less collagen in vitro than they do in situ (Quinones et al., 1986), However, the addition of extracellular matrix components to the culture medium has been ...
IN VITRO BARK EXTRACTS
... There are several reports in the literature indicating the antibacterial and antifungal activity of the medicinal plants. Many studies reported the incapability of herbal antimicrobial agents to inhibit growth of Gram-negative bacteria [14] due to the presence of complex cell wall structure which de ...
... There are several reports in the literature indicating the antibacterial and antifungal activity of the medicinal plants. Many studies reported the incapability of herbal antimicrobial agents to inhibit growth of Gram-negative bacteria [14] due to the presence of complex cell wall structure which de ...
here - ScienceA2Z.com
... organ performing a different function. Cells also have a set of "little organs," called organelles, that are adapted and/or specialized for carrying out one or more vital functions. There are several types of organelles within an animal cell. Some (such as the nucleus and golgi apparatus) are typica ...
... organ performing a different function. Cells also have a set of "little organs," called organelles, that are adapted and/or specialized for carrying out one or more vital functions. There are several types of organelles within an animal cell. Some (such as the nucleus and golgi apparatus) are typica ...
Identification of a Mid-anaphase Checkpoint in
... lished well before bi-polar spindle formation. This configuration requires spindle migration through the neck before successful cell division, and the dynein mutants reflect the cellular capacity to monitor spindle and/or nuclear position. Studies in populations of budding yeast, after activation of ...
... lished well before bi-polar spindle formation. This configuration requires spindle migration through the neck before successful cell division, and the dynein mutants reflect the cellular capacity to monitor spindle and/or nuclear position. Studies in populations of budding yeast, after activation of ...
wound care
... • Eschar – a scab or dry crust resulting from a thermal or chemical burn, infection, or excoriating skin disease. • Exudate – fluid, cells, or other substances that have been slowly exudated, or discharged, from cells or blood vessels through small pores or breaks in cell membranes. Perspiration, pu ...
... • Eschar – a scab or dry crust resulting from a thermal or chemical burn, infection, or excoriating skin disease. • Exudate – fluid, cells, or other substances that have been slowly exudated, or discharged, from cells or blood vessels through small pores or breaks in cell membranes. Perspiration, pu ...
Functional Analysis of Whole Cell Currents From Hair Cells of the
... hyperpolarizations to ⫺100 mV. If a cell had IK,L, it was classified as type I. In most, although not in all cases, cells with IK,L had constricted necks so their morphology was consistent with their classification as type I. Cells whose outward currents only activated more positive than ⫺57 mV were ...
... hyperpolarizations to ⫺100 mV. If a cell had IK,L, it was classified as type I. In most, although not in all cases, cells with IK,L had constricted necks so their morphology was consistent with their classification as type I. Cells whose outward currents only activated more positive than ⫺57 mV were ...
Mast cell activation is differentially affected by heat shock
... were transferred to fresh medium at least once a week. After 3 to 4 weeks, when a mast cell purity of greater than 95% was achieved as assessed by toluidine blue staining, the cells were used for the experiments. BMMC treatments In all experiments, unless specified otherwise, cells were cultured at ...
... were transferred to fresh medium at least once a week. After 3 to 4 weeks, when a mast cell purity of greater than 95% was achieved as assessed by toluidine blue staining, the cells were used for the experiments. BMMC treatments In all experiments, unless specified otherwise, cells were cultured at ...
Zbtb46 expression distinguishes classical dendritic cells and their
... yet fully mature. Terminal cDC development occurs in peripheral lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs after Flt3L (fmslike tyrosine kinase 3 ligand)-dependent expansion (Waskow et al., 2008). We previously suggested that accurately defining the cDC lineage might benefit from methods based on lineage-speci ...
... yet fully mature. Terminal cDC development occurs in peripheral lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs after Flt3L (fmslike tyrosine kinase 3 ligand)-dependent expansion (Waskow et al., 2008). We previously suggested that accurately defining the cDC lineage might benefit from methods based on lineage-speci ...
Programmed Changes in Form during Moss Development
... showed that the rise in membrane-associated calcium was not due to an increase in membrane density. The authors concluded that the increases in membrane-associated calcium reflected a localized increase in intracellular free calcium concentration. Further evidence that calcium plays an important rol ...
... showed that the rise in membrane-associated calcium was not due to an increase in membrane density. The authors concluded that the increases in membrane-associated calcium reflected a localized increase in intracellular free calcium concentration. Further evidence that calcium plays an important rol ...
Growth-modulating molecules are associated with invading
... astroglial scar. Reactive astrocytes and infiltrating cells, such as fibroblasts, produce a dense extracellular matrix (ECM) that represents a physical and molecular barrier to axon regeneration. In the human situation, correlative data on the molecular composition of the scar tissue that forms foll ...
... astroglial scar. Reactive astrocytes and infiltrating cells, such as fibroblasts, produce a dense extracellular matrix (ECM) that represents a physical and molecular barrier to axon regeneration. In the human situation, correlative data on the molecular composition of the scar tissue that forms foll ...
Muscles of the Body
... ◦ The union of a T-tubule and two ends of the L-tubules constitutes a triad. Storage site for Ca++ Allows for the transference of substances from one system to another Explains in part how electro/chemical stimulation affects the entire cell at the same time Speeds conduction through the cel ...
... ◦ The union of a T-tubule and two ends of the L-tubules constitutes a triad. Storage site for Ca++ Allows for the transference of substances from one system to another Explains in part how electro/chemical stimulation affects the entire cell at the same time Speeds conduction through the cel ...
Chapter 4 The Cell Membrane, Cytoskeleton, and Cell
... various components of the cellular architecture must communicate and interact for the cell to carry out the processes of life. At a conference where most participants do not know one another, name tags are often used to identify people. All cells also have name tags in the form of carbohydrates, lip ...
... various components of the cellular architecture must communicate and interact for the cell to carry out the processes of life. At a conference where most participants do not know one another, name tags are often used to identify people. All cells also have name tags in the form of carbohydrates, lip ...
Profibrillin conversion by proprotein convertases
... Fibroblasts heterozygous for this mutation converted only onehalf of secreted profibrillin to fibrillin. In order to further characterize the cleavage site and to confirm that the furin/PACE family is responsible for processing profibrillin, we designed a construct encoding a mini-profibrillin prote ...
... Fibroblasts heterozygous for this mutation converted only onehalf of secreted profibrillin to fibrillin. In order to further characterize the cleavage site and to confirm that the furin/PACE family is responsible for processing profibrillin, we designed a construct encoding a mini-profibrillin prote ...
Morphogenesis of intestinal villi
... but flattened out within five or six hours of culture. Ridge formation in these fragments was delayed by about 24 h as compared to cultured intact duodenal fragments. After culturing in MEM for 48 h the epithelia formed ridges in nine of the twelve fragments. Four of the fragments had formed six or ...
... but flattened out within five or six hours of culture. Ridge formation in these fragments was delayed by about 24 h as compared to cultured intact duodenal fragments. After culturing in MEM for 48 h the epithelia formed ridges in nine of the twelve fragments. Four of the fragments had formed six or ...
how death shapes life during development
... Animals begin life as a single cell that progresses to a fully formed individual. Although it is obvious that cells need to divide and take on specific fates to form a complex animal, it is counterintuitive that millions of cells die during development and life. Why waste all these cells? The destru ...
... Animals begin life as a single cell that progresses to a fully formed individual. Although it is obvious that cells need to divide and take on specific fates to form a complex animal, it is counterintuitive that millions of cells die during development and life. Why waste all these cells? The destru ...
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... but flattened out within five or six hours of culture. Ridge formation in these fragments was delayed by about 24 h as compared to cultured intact duodenal fragments. After culturing in MEM for 48 h the epithelia formed ridges in nine of the twelve fragments. Four of the fragments had formed six or ...
... but flattened out within five or six hours of culture. Ridge formation in these fragments was delayed by about 24 h as compared to cultured intact duodenal fragments. After culturing in MEM for 48 h the epithelia formed ridges in nine of the twelve fragments. Four of the fragments had formed six or ...
Head-tail patterning of the vertebrate embryo: one, two or many
... gastrulation. Thus, diagrams depicting the organization of the early (blastula- or early gastrula-stage) embryo may include indications of rostral (such as forebrain; Fig. 1) and caudal. However, it is important to distinguish between cell fates and embryonic locations. While the future positions of ...
... gastrulation. Thus, diagrams depicting the organization of the early (blastula- or early gastrula-stage) embryo may include indications of rostral (such as forebrain; Fig. 1) and caudal. However, it is important to distinguish between cell fates and embryonic locations. While the future positions of ...
chiasma formation occurs at or following mid-prophase
... samples was leptotene. Labelled cells did not reach diplotene until day 5. Thus, these experiments have shown that a temperature-sensitive stage marked by the latest induction of a chiasma-frequency response (day 2) occurs 3 days following the completion of chromosomal replication (day 5). Whether t ...
... samples was leptotene. Labelled cells did not reach diplotene until day 5. Thus, these experiments have shown that a temperature-sensitive stage marked by the latest induction of a chiasma-frequency response (day 2) occurs 3 days following the completion of chromosomal replication (day 5). Whether t ...
Phenotypic Heterogeneity Enables Uropathogenic Escherichia coli
... determined in 96-well microtiter plate. Growth was assessed after incubation for 18 h, and the MIC value was determined. Serum and antibiotic sensitivity. Cells from DMSO stock were diluted 1:100 in filtered LB medium and grown aerobically to the stationary phase (20 h). Cells were harvested, washed ...
... determined in 96-well microtiter plate. Growth was assessed after incubation for 18 h, and the MIC value was determined. Serum and antibiotic sensitivity. Cells from DMSO stock were diluted 1:100 in filtered LB medium and grown aerobically to the stationary phase (20 h). Cells were harvested, washed ...
Tissue engineering
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions. While it was once categorized as a sub-field of biomaterials, having grown in scope and importance it can be considered as a field in its own right.While most definitions of tissue engineering cover a broad range of applications, in practice the term is closely associated with applications that repair or replace portions of or whole tissues (i.e., bone, cartilage, blood vessels, bladder, skin, muscle etc.). Often, the tissues involved require certain mechanical and structural properties for proper functioning. The term has also been applied to efforts to perform specific biochemical functions using cells within an artificially-created support system (e.g. an artificial pancreas, or a bio artificial liver). The term regenerative medicine is often used synonymously with tissue engineering, although those involved in regenerative medicine place more emphasis on the use of stem cells or progenitor cells to produce tissues.