Mutations in SIPA1L3 cause eye defects through disruption of cell
... vast cascade of interacting factors required for cell adhesion, polarity and cytoskeletal organization. These processes are required for normal morphogenesis and prevention of abnormal epithelial cell behaviour. The vertebrate lens is a classic model system for development and disease (1) and provid ...
... vast cascade of interacting factors required for cell adhesion, polarity and cytoskeletal organization. These processes are required for normal morphogenesis and prevention of abnormal epithelial cell behaviour. The vertebrate lens is a classic model system for development and disease (1) and provid ...
Nuclear -Tubulin during Acentriolar Plant Mitosis
... a chromatin-mediated spindle assembly mechanism similar to that described for animal meiocytes (Chan and Cande, 1998). In plant mitosis, which is acentriolar as well, the nuclear envelope was shown to be an important site for microtubule nucleation during the late G2 stage of the cell cycle (Stoppin ...
... a chromatin-mediated spindle assembly mechanism similar to that described for animal meiocytes (Chan and Cande, 1998). In plant mitosis, which is acentriolar as well, the nuclear envelope was shown to be an important site for microtubule nucleation during the late G2 stage of the cell cycle (Stoppin ...
REVIEW ARTICLE Mechanisms of pattern formation in development
... Causal explanations of pattern formation in an embryonic primordium require knowledge of all the genes, epigenetic determinants (that is, surrounding cell arrangements and other microenvironmental conditions in the embryo), and their interactions necessary for generating such a pattern from a previo ...
... Causal explanations of pattern formation in an embryonic primordium require knowledge of all the genes, epigenetic determinants (that is, surrounding cell arrangements and other microenvironmental conditions in the embryo), and their interactions necessary for generating such a pattern from a previo ...
CCL5-mediated T-cell chemotaxis involves the initiation of mRNA
... numerous biologicl processes including proper tissue development, wound healing, and protection against invading pathogens. Chemokines are soluble, extracellular chemoattractant molecules that play a vital role in many of these biologic processes. The chemokines are a large family of mainly secreted ...
... numerous biologicl processes including proper tissue development, wound healing, and protection against invading pathogens. Chemokines are soluble, extracellular chemoattractant molecules that play a vital role in many of these biologic processes. The chemokines are a large family of mainly secreted ...
Input of DNA microarrays to identify novel mechanisms - HAL
... of either mature plasma cells or immature plasmablasts may explain the partial overlap of the gene lists described in these two studies providing complementary information. In 2004, Munshi and al. analyzed the GEP of normal and malignant plasma cells purified from the bone marrow of genetically iden ...
... of either mature plasma cells or immature plasmablasts may explain the partial overlap of the gene lists described in these two studies providing complementary information. In 2004, Munshi and al. analyzed the GEP of normal and malignant plasma cells purified from the bone marrow of genetically iden ...
Spatial regularity among retinal neurons
... In this chapter, we ‘zoom out’ from the study of individual retinal neurons and circuits to a consideration of how these individuals are organized across the retinal surface. In particular, we focus on an almost universal tendency for these neurons to lie in regular patterns. Although regularity can ...
... In this chapter, we ‘zoom out’ from the study of individual retinal neurons and circuits to a consideration of how these individuals are organized across the retinal surface. In particular, we focus on an almost universal tendency for these neurons to lie in regular patterns. Although regularity can ...
File
... Actin is a 42 KD protein present in most eukaryote cells that polymerizes to form filamentous structures called stress fibers. Actin filaments form cellular structure which supports many cellular processes including cell spreading and cell migration. ...
... Actin is a 42 KD protein present in most eukaryote cells that polymerizes to form filamentous structures called stress fibers. Actin filaments form cellular structure which supports many cellular processes including cell spreading and cell migration. ...
The Pore Size of Non-Graminaceous Plant Cell
... The AIR prepared from B-deficient, 10B-treated, and 11Bgrown cells, containing ,0.1, 1.0, and 1.6 mm g21 B, respectively, had similar glycosyl residue compositions and contained similar amounts of RG-II (Table I). 10B accounts for approximately 80% of the B found in the 10B-treated cells. Somewhat u ...
... The AIR prepared from B-deficient, 10B-treated, and 11Bgrown cells, containing ,0.1, 1.0, and 1.6 mm g21 B, respectively, had similar glycosyl residue compositions and contained similar amounts of RG-II (Table I). 10B accounts for approximately 80% of the B found in the 10B-treated cells. Somewhat u ...
Chemokine-Induced Migration Inhibits Integrin
... time to time creates long “dendrites” (Fig. 2B and Ref. (17). Strikingly, when A39R was added at the beginning of the culture together with LPS, it completely prevented the formation of membrane processes by DCs (Fig. 2C) as well as their adhesion to plastic. This effect was dependent on plexin C1 a ...
... time to time creates long “dendrites” (Fig. 2B and Ref. (17). Strikingly, when A39R was added at the beginning of the culture together with LPS, it completely prevented the formation of membrane processes by DCs (Fig. 2C) as well as their adhesion to plastic. This effect was dependent on plexin C1 a ...
Introduction to Endocrinology
... interstitial fluid and then the blood. Amine Hormones Are Derived from Tyrosine. The two groups of hormones derived from tyrosine, the thyroid and the adrenal medullary hormones, are formed by the actions of enzymes in the cytoplasmic compartments of the glandular cells. The thyroid hormones are syn ...
... interstitial fluid and then the blood. Amine Hormones Are Derived from Tyrosine. The two groups of hormones derived from tyrosine, the thyroid and the adrenal medullary hormones, are formed by the actions of enzymes in the cytoplasmic compartments of the glandular cells. The thyroid hormones are syn ...
Transactivation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
... transduction pathways that involve phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), and the transcription factor nuclear factor-nB ( for review, see ref. 1). Because of its expression in cells of the immune system and its interaction with bacterial chemotactic peptides ...
... transduction pathways that involve phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), and the transcription factor nuclear factor-nB ( for review, see ref. 1). Because of its expression in cells of the immune system and its interaction with bacterial chemotactic peptides ...
One tissue, two fates: different roles of megagametophyte cells
... the origin and evolution of eukaryotic PCD machinery because natural cell death is essential for embryogenesis and seed development in gymnosperm plants (Zhivotovsky, 2002). The study of Filonova et al. (2002) suggested that PCD is the major mechanism responsible for the elimination of subordinate e ...
... the origin and evolution of eukaryotic PCD machinery because natural cell death is essential for embryogenesis and seed development in gymnosperm plants (Zhivotovsky, 2002). The study of Filonova et al. (2002) suggested that PCD is the major mechanism responsible for the elimination of subordinate e ...
Glial cell regulation of neuronal activity and blood flow in the retina
... Figure 2. ATP release from glial cells inhibits retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). (a) An intracellular recording from a RGC that displays spontaneous spiking. Stimulation of glial cells by ATPgS ejection results in prolonged hyperpolarization of the RGC and inhibition of spiking. From Newman [9]. (b) M ...
... Figure 2. ATP release from glial cells inhibits retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). (a) An intracellular recording from a RGC that displays spontaneous spiking. Stimulation of glial cells by ATPgS ejection results in prolonged hyperpolarization of the RGC and inhibition of spiking. From Newman [9]. (b) M ...
Recancostat®
... Glutathione is the most important intracellular antioxidant. It exists in either a reduced (GSH) or an oxidized (GSSG) state, but it is the reduced state in which virtually all of the vital biological functions of glutathione are carried out. Maintaining healthy levels of GSH is essential to prevent ...
... Glutathione is the most important intracellular antioxidant. It exists in either a reduced (GSH) or an oxidized (GSSG) state, but it is the reduced state in which virtually all of the vital biological functions of glutathione are carried out. Maintaining healthy levels of GSH is essential to prevent ...
- Wiley Online Library
... the root cells are inhabited a fungal or bacterial endosymbiont. In addition, as researchers try to determine the function of the many genes of unknown function, knowledge of the sub-cellular location of the encoded protein can be helpful in assigning a biological role. Direct, non-invasive visualiz ...
... the root cells are inhabited a fungal or bacterial endosymbiont. In addition, as researchers try to determine the function of the many genes of unknown function, knowledge of the sub-cellular location of the encoded protein can be helpful in assigning a biological role. Direct, non-invasive visualiz ...
The Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor KRP6 Induces Mitosis and
... (Inzé and De Veylder, 2006). The model plant species Arabidopsis encodes up to 12 CDKs and 49 CYCs that have been categorized into different classes according to their sequence similarity (Vandepoele et al., 2002; Wang et al., 2004; Menges et al., 2005). Plants possess six types of CDKs. The A-type ...
... (Inzé and De Veylder, 2006). The model plant species Arabidopsis encodes up to 12 CDKs and 49 CYCs that have been categorized into different classes according to their sequence similarity (Vandepoele et al., 2002; Wang et al., 2004; Menges et al., 2005). Plants possess six types of CDKs. The A-type ...
Chemoresistance in breast cancer stem cells.
... cytoskeleton rearrangement towards a mesenchymal-like phenotype [39-41]. Cells typically found in the tumorstroma that undergo these morphological changes, will gain pro-metastatic characteristics increasing stem-cell like markers and clonogenicity [27, 42]. Hypoxia has also been identified as a reg ...
... cytoskeleton rearrangement towards a mesenchymal-like phenotype [39-41]. Cells typically found in the tumorstroma that undergo these morphological changes, will gain pro-metastatic characteristics increasing stem-cell like markers and clonogenicity [27, 42]. Hypoxia has also been identified as a reg ...
Hes genes regulate size, shape and histogenesis of the
... results indicate that in the double mutant, although neuroepithelial cells are normally formed, radial glial cells are prematurely lost. Agreeing with this notion, expression of the radial glial marker RC2 was also lost from the ventral region at E9.5 and 10.5 (Fig. 4K,L). We next examined the diffe ...
... results indicate that in the double mutant, although neuroepithelial cells are normally formed, radial glial cells are prematurely lost. Agreeing with this notion, expression of the radial glial marker RC2 was also lost from the ventral region at E9.5 and 10.5 (Fig. 4K,L). We next examined the diffe ...
Inflating bacterial cells by increased protein synthesis
... WT cells under nutrient limitation exhibit two distinct regimes according to the Helmstetter–Cooper (HC) model of bacterial chromosome replication (Appendix Fig S9): In the fast growth regime (doubling time DT < single-chromosome replication time, the “Cperiod”), the C-period is constant (at its min ...
... WT cells under nutrient limitation exhibit two distinct regimes according to the Helmstetter–Cooper (HC) model of bacterial chromosome replication (Appendix Fig S9): In the fast growth regime (doubling time DT < single-chromosome replication time, the “Cperiod”), the C-period is constant (at its min ...
The ARP2/3 complex: giving plant cells a leading edge
... Molecular and cell-biological dissection of interactions at the leading edge of an animal cell suggests that membrane protrusion could be related to a more fundamental actin polymerization-based form of motility that is exhibited by certain microorganisms and endosymbiotic subcellular organelles.(2– ...
... Molecular and cell-biological dissection of interactions at the leading edge of an animal cell suggests that membrane protrusion could be related to a more fundamental actin polymerization-based form of motility that is exhibited by certain microorganisms and endosymbiotic subcellular organelles.(2– ...
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... eRNAi complements the global affects of pRNAi by facilitating gene knockdown in specific cells, in the context of other cells in the tissue, and at later developmental stages. Two different approaches have been developed to knock down gene expression using eRNAi in Parasteatoda. Pechmann and colleag ...
... eRNAi complements the global affects of pRNAi by facilitating gene knockdown in specific cells, in the context of other cells in the tissue, and at later developmental stages. Two different approaches have been developed to knock down gene expression using eRNAi in Parasteatoda. Pechmann and colleag ...
the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum
... eRNAi complements the global affects of pRNAi by facilitating gene knockdown in specific cells, in the context of other cells in the tissue, and at later developmental stages. Two different approaches have been developed to knock down gene expression using eRNAi in Parasteatoda. Pechmann and colleag ...
... eRNAi complements the global affects of pRNAi by facilitating gene knockdown in specific cells, in the context of other cells in the tissue, and at later developmental stages. Two different approaches have been developed to knock down gene expression using eRNAi in Parasteatoda. Pechmann and colleag ...
Gibberellins accumulate in the elongating endodermal cells of
... germination, root and shoot elongation, flowering and fruit patterning (7–9). Over the years, more than 130 GAs have been identified, of which only a few, such as GA1, GA3, and GA4, are bioactive (8). Much progress has been made in understanding how plants control GA response through regulation of bio ...
... germination, root and shoot elongation, flowering and fruit patterning (7–9). Over the years, more than 130 GAs have been identified, of which only a few, such as GA1, GA3, and GA4, are bioactive (8). Much progress has been made in understanding how plants control GA response through regulation of bio ...
Frost Resistance in Algae Cells
... It is well known that sugar is very useful to protect plant cells from the injury of freeze-thawing (Levitt, 1956; Terumoto, 1957). However, neither sucrose nor glucose exerted any protective effect against frost injury in the cells of lake ball. About 50 per cent of frozen cells in 1 M sucrose solu ...
... It is well known that sugar is very useful to protect plant cells from the injury of freeze-thawing (Levitt, 1956; Terumoto, 1957). However, neither sucrose nor glucose exerted any protective effect against frost injury in the cells of lake ball. About 50 per cent of frozen cells in 1 M sucrose solu ...
Roles of ARFRP1 (ADP-ribosylation factor
... fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde–0.05% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) for 30 minutes at 4°C. Procedures for immuno-gold labeling on cryo-thin sections were described previously (Waguri et al., 1999). Biotinylation of cell surface VSVG HeLa cells grown on a 10-cm dish were transfecte ...
... fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde–0.05% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) for 30 minutes at 4°C. Procedures for immuno-gold labeling on cryo-thin sections were described previously (Waguri et al., 1999). Biotinylation of cell surface VSVG HeLa cells grown on a 10-cm dish were transfecte ...
Tissue engineering
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions. While it was once categorized as a sub-field of biomaterials, having grown in scope and importance it can be considered as a field in its own right.While most definitions of tissue engineering cover a broad range of applications, in practice the term is closely associated with applications that repair or replace portions of or whole tissues (i.e., bone, cartilage, blood vessels, bladder, skin, muscle etc.). Often, the tissues involved require certain mechanical and structural properties for proper functioning. The term has also been applied to efforts to perform specific biochemical functions using cells within an artificially-created support system (e.g. an artificial pancreas, or a bio artificial liver). The term regenerative medicine is often used synonymously with tissue engineering, although those involved in regenerative medicine place more emphasis on the use of stem cells or progenitor cells to produce tissues.