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... first detected on the outer surface of ICM of a late blastocyst (day 4-6) (Fig. 1A, B). The brushin-positive cells appeared to be primitive endoderm cells. In order to confirm that brushin is expressed in primitive endoderm cells, the following experiments were performed. ICMs were immunosurgically ...
... first detected on the outer surface of ICM of a late blastocyst (day 4-6) (Fig. 1A, B). The brushin-positive cells appeared to be primitive endoderm cells. In order to confirm that brushin is expressed in primitive endoderm cells, the following experiments were performed. ICMs were immunosurgically ...
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... available that test cells in culture for their ability to form primitive and longlasting colonies of cells, but these tests are not accepted as proof that a cell is a long-term stem cell. Some genetically altered mice can receive transplanted human HSCs to test the cells' self-renewal and hematopoie ...
... available that test cells in culture for their ability to form primitive and longlasting colonies of cells, but these tests are not accepted as proof that a cell is a long-term stem cell. Some genetically altered mice can receive transplanted human HSCs to test the cells' self-renewal and hematopoie ...
Plasma membrane
... specimen. Here we see a section through a tracheal cell, revealing its ultrastructure. In preparing the TEM, some cilia were cut along their lengths, creating longitudinal sections, while other cilia were cut straight across, creating cross sections. ...
... specimen. Here we see a section through a tracheal cell, revealing its ultrastructure. In preparing the TEM, some cilia were cut along their lengths, creating longitudinal sections, while other cilia were cut straight across, creating cross sections. ...
Population Biology of Lymphocytes
... Life started by the arousal of self-replicating molecules (1). The first unicellular organisms emerged when these molecules developed the capacity to control their immediate surroundings to ensure survival and replication. With time, single cell individuals evolved to give rise to multicellular orga ...
... Life started by the arousal of self-replicating molecules (1). The first unicellular organisms emerged when these molecules developed the capacity to control their immediate surroundings to ensure survival and replication. With time, single cell individuals evolved to give rise to multicellular orga ...
View PDF - cchem.berkeley.edu - University of California, Berkeley
... and individualized treatment options for afflicted patients are limited and cost-inefficient. In light of the shared neurodegenerative phenotype among these disorders, a safe and broad-based neuroprotective approach would be desirable to overcome these obstacles. As a result, gene delivery of secret ...
... and individualized treatment options for afflicted patients are limited and cost-inefficient. In light of the shared neurodegenerative phenotype among these disorders, a safe and broad-based neuroprotective approach would be desirable to overcome these obstacles. As a result, gene delivery of secret ...
Physiology and morphology of Legionella
... carbon and energy are amino acids; glucose and polysaccharides being used very poorly (Hoffman, 1984). Previous studies have shown that L. pneurnophila can be grown in continuous culture, but only using complex media (Berg et a f . , 1985; Dennis, 1986). Such media do not reflect the conditions expe ...
... carbon and energy are amino acids; glucose and polysaccharides being used very poorly (Hoffman, 1984). Previous studies have shown that L. pneurnophila can be grown in continuous culture, but only using complex media (Berg et a f . , 1985; Dennis, 1986). Such media do not reflect the conditions expe ...
Patterning and morphogenesis of the follicle cell epithelium during
... oogenesis. IA) Drawing of an adulr wild-type ovariole. IB) Drawingof a germar;um. ICI A mature egg remain throughout the completion of oogenesis. Somatic stem cells are located at the border between germarium regions 1 and 2 (Margolis and Spradling, 1995). In region 2, follicle cells migrate from fh ...
... oogenesis. IA) Drawing of an adulr wild-type ovariole. IB) Drawingof a germar;um. ICI A mature egg remain throughout the completion of oogenesis. Somatic stem cells are located at the border between germarium regions 1 and 2 (Margolis and Spradling, 1995). In region 2, follicle cells migrate from fh ...
Bone marrow side population cells are enriched for progenitors
... Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), which is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, is a progressive muscle-wasting disorder characterized by continuous degeneration of muscle fibers and an eventual loss of muscle function owing to the infiltration of connective tissue (Koenig et al., 1987). Amo ...
... Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), which is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, is a progressive muscle-wasting disorder characterized by continuous degeneration of muscle fibers and an eventual loss of muscle function owing to the infiltration of connective tissue (Koenig et al., 1987). Amo ...
A Numerical Model of Permeabilized Skin With Local Transport
... (black circles) compared to the currents measured in vivo during the pulse (grey diamonds). Also, we compared that to one of our previous models (open circles) [19], where stratum corneum was modeled as a homogeneous skin layer without local transport regions embedded in it. Its final conductivity d ...
... (black circles) compared to the currents measured in vivo during the pulse (grey diamonds). Also, we compared that to one of our previous models (open circles) [19], where stratum corneum was modeled as a homogeneous skin layer without local transport regions embedded in it. Its final conductivity d ...
Reverse Engineering Models of Cell Cycle Regulation
... Bottom-Up Modeling and Reverse Engineering The physiological characteristics of living cells-their abilities to grow and divide, to respond to external stimuli, to move around, to find food or sexual partners-are regulated ultimately by networks of interacting genes and proteins. Molecular geneticis ...
... Bottom-Up Modeling and Reverse Engineering The physiological characteristics of living cells-their abilities to grow and divide, to respond to external stimuli, to move around, to find food or sexual partners-are regulated ultimately by networks of interacting genes and proteins. Molecular geneticis ...
Type I Alveolar Epithelial Cells Mount Innate Immune
... and CXCL5) were blunted in lungs of mutants, suggesting that a very limited subset of immune mediators is selectively elaborated by the alveolar epithelium. Lung CCL20 induction required epithelial RelA regardless of stimulus, whereas lung CXCL5 expression depended on RelA after instillation of LPS ...
... and CXCL5) were blunted in lungs of mutants, suggesting that a very limited subset of immune mediators is selectively elaborated by the alveolar epithelium. Lung CCL20 induction required epithelial RelA regardless of stimulus, whereas lung CXCL5 expression depended on RelA after instillation of LPS ...
RNA binding proteins ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 promote cell quiescence
... B cell development that cannot be compensated for by endogenous ZFP36 and were independent of NOTCH1, a known target of these RBP (fig. S2) (11), thus we generated mice where Zfp36l1 and Zfp36l2 are deleted in pro-B cells (fig. S3). For simplicity Zfp36l1fl/fl Zfp36l2fl/fl Mb1cre/+ mice will be refe ...
... B cell development that cannot be compensated for by endogenous ZFP36 and were independent of NOTCH1, a known target of these RBP (fig. S2) (11), thus we generated mice where Zfp36l1 and Zfp36l2 are deleted in pro-B cells (fig. S3). For simplicity Zfp36l1fl/fl Zfp36l2fl/fl Mb1cre/+ mice will be refe ...
Distinct fluorescent pattern of KAT1::GFP in the plasma membrane of
... cytoskeleton can confine the movement of proteins with enlarged cytosolic domains by generating ‘‘fenced’’ microenvironments without the direct attachment to the diffusing components (Ritchie and Kusumi, 2004). While such a mechanism has so far not been described in plant cells, a cortical cytoskelet ...
... cytoskeleton can confine the movement of proteins with enlarged cytosolic domains by generating ‘‘fenced’’ microenvironments without the direct attachment to the diffusing components (Ritchie and Kusumi, 2004). While such a mechanism has so far not been described in plant cells, a cortical cytoskelet ...
β Glucocorticoids on IL-1 Counteract the Inhibitory Effect of Migration
... and finely tuned in vivo, and imbalance of tuning could cause immune system disorders. Glucocorticoids are one of the most potent regulators of cytokine production (30, 31). Glucocorticoids reduce the number of monocytes; lyse immature T cells; block phospholipase A2 activity; down-regulate the synt ...
... and finely tuned in vivo, and imbalance of tuning could cause immune system disorders. Glucocorticoids are one of the most potent regulators of cytokine production (30, 31). Glucocorticoids reduce the number of monocytes; lyse immature T cells; block phospholipase A2 activity; down-regulate the synt ...
Cell Biology - New Age International
... packing of molecules and make the membrane structure more fluid. The fluidity increases with decreasing length of fatty acid tails. 9. Thousand of different types of proteins can occur in cell membranes. These may be purely structural (provide elasticity and mechanical support) or have additional fu ...
... packing of molecules and make the membrane structure more fluid. The fluidity increases with decreasing length of fatty acid tails. 9. Thousand of different types of proteins can occur in cell membranes. These may be purely structural (provide elasticity and mechanical support) or have additional fu ...
American Journal of Potato Research
... North America can be attributed at least in part to the presence of symptomless, latent infections. The term "latent infection" was first applied by Dykstra (10) in a subtitle to describe an experiment in which potatoes, inoculated with ring tot, produced no visibly infected plants or tubers that ye ...
... North America can be attributed at least in part to the presence of symptomless, latent infections. The term "latent infection" was first applied by Dykstra (10) in a subtitle to describe an experiment in which potatoes, inoculated with ring tot, produced no visibly infected plants or tubers that ye ...
Increased Expression of Cytoskeletal, Linkage, and Extracellular
... structure and functional integrity is well established.20 Tubulin is organized around the nucleus and in the longitudinal direction of the cell, and it contributes to the stability of the contractile apparatus in relation to the nucleus, mitochondria, and cellular membrane.21 Tubulin turnover is con ...
... structure and functional integrity is well established.20 Tubulin is organized around the nucleus and in the longitudinal direction of the cell, and it contributes to the stability of the contractile apparatus in relation to the nucleus, mitochondria, and cellular membrane.21 Tubulin turnover is con ...
Observations of plants with tubular stems with possible biomimetic
... Figure 4. Star-shaped cells (astrosclereid) based in a nodal cell of aerenchymatic tissue. Note that star-shaped cells (astrosclereid) are observable at the nodal cell of aerenchymatic tissue, as shown in Figure 4A [2,3]. Figure 4B displays the star-shaped cells. The foliar sclereids Olea europaea m ...
... Figure 4. Star-shaped cells (astrosclereid) based in a nodal cell of aerenchymatic tissue. Note that star-shaped cells (astrosclereid) are observable at the nodal cell of aerenchymatic tissue, as shown in Figure 4A [2,3]. Figure 4B displays the star-shaped cells. The foliar sclereids Olea europaea m ...
In vitro–expanded human CD4 CD25 T-regulatory
... IL-2, which allowed for a 5- to 10-fold expansion over 2 weeks. To further augment expansion potential, a costimulatory moleculebased stimulation was investigated. To do this, we used cell-sized Dynabeads with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 mAbs covalently attached (designated 3/28 beads). This reagent has ...
... IL-2, which allowed for a 5- to 10-fold expansion over 2 weeks. To further augment expansion potential, a costimulatory moleculebased stimulation was investigated. To do this, we used cell-sized Dynabeads with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 mAbs covalently attached (designated 3/28 beads). This reagent has ...
Targeting of P-Selectin to Two Regulated Secretory Organelles in
... monocytes and neutrophils following its regulated appearance on the cell surface as part of the inflammatory response (24, 30). Expression in the pituicyte line AtT-20 revealed that it was targeted to the secretory granules and studies using chimeras revealed that the cytoplasmic domain was both nec ...
... monocytes and neutrophils following its regulated appearance on the cell surface as part of the inflammatory response (24, 30). Expression in the pituicyte line AtT-20 revealed that it was targeted to the secretory granules and studies using chimeras revealed that the cytoplasmic domain was both nec ...
lncreased Expression of Vacuolar Aquaporin and
... permeability of the lipid bilayer is more than sufficient for required fluxes. However, some specialized plant cells, such as stomata cells, the motor cells of the pulvini of Mimosa pudica, or of the stamens of Mahonia spp. change their volume very rapidly using water exchange with surrounding cells ...
... permeability of the lipid bilayer is more than sufficient for required fluxes. However, some specialized plant cells, such as stomata cells, the motor cells of the pulvini of Mimosa pudica, or of the stamens of Mahonia spp. change their volume very rapidly using water exchange with surrounding cells ...
Growth Factors
... viruses. This resistance was induced by a substance secreted by virally infected cells which was named interferon It has been shown that most species actually produce a whole range of interferons. Humans produce at least three distinct classes, IFN-α, IFN-β and IFN-γ. ...
... viruses. This resistance was induced by a substance secreted by virally infected cells which was named interferon It has been shown that most species actually produce a whole range of interferons. Humans produce at least three distinct classes, IFN-α, IFN-β and IFN-γ. ...
UBXD4, a UBX-Containing Protein, Regulates the Cell Surface
... 14-3-3 regulates the expression levels of ␣42 nAChRs (Jeanclos et al., 2001). The adaptor protein ubiquilin-1 (Plic-1), participates in the trafficking of ␣3* nAChRs by promoting their degradation by the proteasome (Ficklin et al., 2005). To further identify proteins that associate with ␣3* nAChRs ...
... 14-3-3 regulates the expression levels of ␣42 nAChRs (Jeanclos et al., 2001). The adaptor protein ubiquilin-1 (Plic-1), participates in the trafficking of ␣3* nAChRs by promoting their degradation by the proteasome (Ficklin et al., 2005). To further identify proteins that associate with ␣3* nAChRs ...
Reverse Engineering Models of Cell Cycle Regulation
... Bottom-Up Modeling and Reverse Engineering The physiological characteristics of living cells-their abilities to grow and divide, to respond to external stimuli, to move around, to find food or sexual partners-are regulated ultimately by networks of interacting genes and proteins. Molecular geneticis ...
... Bottom-Up Modeling and Reverse Engineering The physiological characteristics of living cells-their abilities to grow and divide, to respond to external stimuli, to move around, to find food or sexual partners-are regulated ultimately by networks of interacting genes and proteins. Molecular geneticis ...
Cell movements driving neuruiation in avian embryos
... plate has been assessed in two general ways: by ablation experiments, and by the analysis of the behaviors of cells in non-neurepithelial tissues. Ablation experiments involving enzymatic (or otherwise) depletion of various components of the extracellular matrix, or microsurgical removal of tissues ...
... plate has been assessed in two general ways: by ablation experiments, and by the analysis of the behaviors of cells in non-neurepithelial tissues. Ablation experiments involving enzymatic (or otherwise) depletion of various components of the extracellular matrix, or microsurgical removal of tissues ...
Tissue engineering
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions. While it was once categorized as a sub-field of biomaterials, having grown in scope and importance it can be considered as a field in its own right.While most definitions of tissue engineering cover a broad range of applications, in practice the term is closely associated with applications that repair or replace portions of or whole tissues (i.e., bone, cartilage, blood vessels, bladder, skin, muscle etc.). Often, the tissues involved require certain mechanical and structural properties for proper functioning. The term has also been applied to efforts to perform specific biochemical functions using cells within an artificially-created support system (e.g. an artificial pancreas, or a bio artificial liver). The term regenerative medicine is often used synonymously with tissue engineering, although those involved in regenerative medicine place more emphasis on the use of stem cells or progenitor cells to produce tissues.