Roles of ARFRP1 (ADP-ribosylation factor
... fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde–0.05% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) for 30 minutes at 4°C. Procedures for immuno-gold labeling on cryo-thin sections were described previously (Waguri et al., 1999). Biotinylation of cell surface VSVG HeLa cells grown on a 10-cm dish were transfecte ...
... fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde–0.05% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) for 30 minutes at 4°C. Procedures for immuno-gold labeling on cryo-thin sections were described previously (Waguri et al., 1999). Biotinylation of cell surface VSVG HeLa cells grown on a 10-cm dish were transfecte ...
Gibberellins accumulate in the elongating endodermal cells of
... germination, root and shoot elongation, flowering and fruit patterning (7–9). Over the years, more than 130 GAs have been identified, of which only a few, such as GA1, GA3, and GA4, are bioactive (8). Much progress has been made in understanding how plants control GA response through regulation of bio ...
... germination, root and shoot elongation, flowering and fruit patterning (7–9). Over the years, more than 130 GAs have been identified, of which only a few, such as GA1, GA3, and GA4, are bioactive (8). Much progress has been made in understanding how plants control GA response through regulation of bio ...
Induction of Kranz Anatomy and C4-like
... Both the terrestrial and submerged forms accumulated the large subunit of Rubisco in the chloroplasts in all three types of photosynthetic cells (Table 1). Thus, the terrestrial form differed from typical C4 plants in the cellular distribution of Rubisco (Ueno, 1996b). This cellular distribution of ...
... Both the terrestrial and submerged forms accumulated the large subunit of Rubisco in the chloroplasts in all three types of photosynthetic cells (Table 1). Thus, the terrestrial form differed from typical C4 plants in the cellular distribution of Rubisco (Ueno, 1996b). This cellular distribution of ...
Encapsulated Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells Actively Protect
... systemic infusion and direct brain infusion encounters immunological responses with inadequate distribution. These and other limitations have led CPECs transplantation studies towards encapsulated cell therapy as a promising approach for drug delivery to the brain. Encapsulated cell therapy (microca ...
... systemic infusion and direct brain infusion encounters immunological responses with inadequate distribution. These and other limitations have led CPECs transplantation studies towards encapsulated cell therapy as a promising approach for drug delivery to the brain. Encapsulated cell therapy (microca ...
Primitive streak mesoderm-like cell lines expressing
... derived from P19S18O1A1 cells as described below and cultured and treated with RA under similar conditions. LIF was prepared and used at a concentration of 100 units/ml and RA was prepared and used at concentrations described in the text as described in Pruitt and Natoli (1992). Mixing assays using ...
... derived from P19S18O1A1 cells as described below and cultured and treated with RA under similar conditions. LIF was prepared and used at a concentration of 100 units/ml and RA was prepared and used at concentrations described in the text as described in Pruitt and Natoli (1992). Mixing assays using ...
Early signaling events that underlie fate decisions of naive CD4 T
... on Th differentiation is best understood in the context of a two-phase process, consisting of a T-cell receptor (TCR)driven induction phase, in which key transcription factors are induced or activated, and a cytokine-driven polarization phase, in which the expression of the key factors is amplified ...
... on Th differentiation is best understood in the context of a two-phase process, consisting of a T-cell receptor (TCR)driven induction phase, in which key transcription factors are induced or activated, and a cytokine-driven polarization phase, in which the expression of the key factors is amplified ...
Actin Microfilaments Regulate Vacuolar Structures and Dynamics
... arrows; Fig. 2E) and along the cytoplasmic strands (Fig. 2A–D, arrowheads; Fig. 2F). The latter two localizations were confirmed by FM4-64 staining (compare the large and small arrows in Fig. 2C). An intensity profile across the vacuolar surface and cell cortex showed that the MFs localized on the v ...
... arrows; Fig. 2E) and along the cytoplasmic strands (Fig. 2A–D, arrowheads; Fig. 2F). The latter two localizations were confirmed by FM4-64 staining (compare the large and small arrows in Fig. 2C). An intensity profile across the vacuolar surface and cell cortex showed that the MFs localized on the v ...
Cortical cell fate specification
... multipotent stem cell gives rise to neuronal restricted progenitors early in development by asymmetric division, and gives rise to glial restricted progenitors late in development. The switch in cell fate could be regulated by a cell autonomous mechanism, for example by loss of intrinsic factors par ...
... multipotent stem cell gives rise to neuronal restricted progenitors early in development by asymmetric division, and gives rise to glial restricted progenitors late in development. The switch in cell fate could be regulated by a cell autonomous mechanism, for example by loss of intrinsic factors par ...
Cytochrome c Is Released in a Reactive Oxygen
... in these conditions will be referred to as HS cells), were examined. Typical immunoblots are shown in Figure 1A. Two hours after HS (2-h HS cells), when, due to technical reasons (see ‘‘Materials and Methods’’), the first analysis could be carried out, an increase of cyt c over control cells was det ...
... in these conditions will be referred to as HS cells), were examined. Typical immunoblots are shown in Figure 1A. Two hours after HS (2-h HS cells), when, due to technical reasons (see ‘‘Materials and Methods’’), the first analysis could be carried out, an increase of cyt c over control cells was det ...
Connecting signaling and cell cycle progression in growth
... GTPase protein that modulates the integrity of the cytoskeleton, promotes degradation of p27Kip1 and eliminates the anchorage requirement for S phase entry (Hu et al., 1999; Schwartz et al., 1996). These ®ndings demonstrate that cell proliferation is not only regulated by growth factors and the ECM. ...
... GTPase protein that modulates the integrity of the cytoskeleton, promotes degradation of p27Kip1 and eliminates the anchorage requirement for S phase entry (Hu et al., 1999; Schwartz et al., 1996). These ®ndings demonstrate that cell proliferation is not only regulated by growth factors and the ECM. ...
Formation of Lys63-linked polyubiquitin chains on Gap1p permease
... the sole nitrogen source. Although this phenotype is still unexplained, it was used to clone the NPI2 gene by functional complementation. The recipient strain (ura3, npi2) was transformed with a low-copy-number plasmid library ...
... the sole nitrogen source. Although this phenotype is still unexplained, it was used to clone the NPI2 gene by functional complementation. The recipient strain (ura3, npi2) was transformed with a low-copy-number plasmid library ...
Characterization of the pH of Folate Receptor
... Received November 26, 2006; accepted February 6, 2007 ...
... Received November 26, 2006; accepted February 6, 2007 ...
An Adaptive Multiple Access Protocol for Broadcast Channels
... Another factor that influence handoff Area and shape of the cell An ideal situation is to have the cell configuration match the velocity of the MSs and to have a larger boundary where the handoff rate is minimal The mobility of an individual MS is difficult to predict Each MS having a different ...
... Another factor that influence handoff Area and shape of the cell An ideal situation is to have the cell configuration match the velocity of the MSs and to have a larger boundary where the handoff rate is minimal The mobility of an individual MS is difficult to predict Each MS having a different ...
The co-ordination of cell division, differentiation and morphogenesis
... a sequence so that the position and timing of the next incipient primordium (I1) can be predicted. Micro-inductions (red dots) were performed at the opposite side of the meristem (I2) where leaf formation/morphogenesis is not expected until after that at I1. (E) Section (7 lm) through the meristem o ...
... a sequence so that the position and timing of the next incipient primordium (I1) can be predicted. Micro-inductions (red dots) were performed at the opposite side of the meristem (I2) where leaf formation/morphogenesis is not expected until after that at I1. (E) Section (7 lm) through the meristem o ...
Functional coupling of FcRI to nicotinamide adenine
... dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form) (NADPH) oxidase.24,27 Phosphatidic acid itself can also act as a precursor for other intracellular signaling molecules. Thus, phosphatidic acid can be converted into diacyl glycerol (DAG) by phosphatidic acid–phosphohydrolase10,23 or to the mitogen lyso–phosphat ...
... dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form) (NADPH) oxidase.24,27 Phosphatidic acid itself can also act as a precursor for other intracellular signaling molecules. Thus, phosphatidic acid can be converted into diacyl glycerol (DAG) by phosphatidic acid–phosphohydrolase10,23 or to the mitogen lyso–phosphat ...
CELL DIVISION AND DNA SYNTHESIS IN TETRAHYMENA
... In the same context, the criticalness of the time at which D N A synthesis begins is also demonstrated by the change in the utilization of H 3thymidine of the medium for macronuclear D N A synthesis. Amino acid deprivation before D N A synthesis begins prevents the subsequent uptake of H3-thymidine ...
... In the same context, the criticalness of the time at which D N A synthesis begins is also demonstrated by the change in the utilization of H 3thymidine of the medium for macronuclear D N A synthesis. Amino acid deprivation before D N A synthesis begins prevents the subsequent uptake of H3-thymidine ...
Human induced pluripotent stem cells derived hepatocytes: rising
... shortage of donor organs together with other hurdles including operative damage, post-transplant rejection and high clinical cost are all serious problems hampering its application (Lorenzini et al., 2008). In recent years, hepatocytes based cell transplantation has been demonstrated as an experimen ...
... shortage of donor organs together with other hurdles including operative damage, post-transplant rejection and high clinical cost are all serious problems hampering its application (Lorenzini et al., 2008). In recent years, hepatocytes based cell transplantation has been demonstrated as an experimen ...
Limb Movements for Neurons That Contribute to Several Kinds of
... systems, individual neurons can be repeatedly identified from one animal to the next, facilitating exploration of each cell’s structure and function (Marder and Calabrese 1996). In vertebrates, individually identifiable neurons are rare, but identification of correlated morphological and physiologic ...
... systems, individual neurons can be repeatedly identified from one animal to the next, facilitating exploration of each cell’s structure and function (Marder and Calabrese 1996). In vertebrates, individually identifiable neurons are rare, but identification of correlated morphological and physiologic ...
Characterization and Dynamics of Cytoplasmic F
... the spatial interactions between microtubules and microfilaments. During the interphase-mitosis transition, the previously described actin network (Schmit et al., 1985) was rearranged around the microtubule arrays that formed the future mitotic apparatus. During chromosome movement this actin networ ...
... the spatial interactions between microtubules and microfilaments. During the interphase-mitosis transition, the previously described actin network (Schmit et al., 1985) was rearranged around the microtubule arrays that formed the future mitotic apparatus. During chromosome movement this actin networ ...
Different involvement of the mitochondrial, plastidial and
... 1988). Plants also produce significant amounts of ROS in cell walls, especially under adverse environmental conditions and in the microbodies, in particular during photorespiration or germination of oil seeds. Among the different ROS produced within cells, H2O2 is the most stable form (half-life of ...
... 1988). Plants also produce significant amounts of ROS in cell walls, especially under adverse environmental conditions and in the microbodies, in particular during photorespiration or germination of oil seeds. Among the different ROS produced within cells, H2O2 is the most stable form (half-life of ...
When Cells Tell Their Neighbors Which Direction to Divide
... diameter apart) also failed to cause rotation (BG, unpublished). As expected, contact-induced rotation could be prevented by treating cells with a microtubule-depolymerizing drug. The results suggest that the interaction affects spindle orientation by inducing a cortical site which captures astral m ...
... diameter apart) also failed to cause rotation (BG, unpublished). As expected, contact-induced rotation could be prevented by treating cells with a microtubule-depolymerizing drug. The results suggest that the interaction affects spindle orientation by inducing a cortical site which captures astral m ...
Comparative analysis of amphibian somite
... Hensen's node) has been examined in stereo with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Meier (1979) has found that this region is organized into tandemly aligned, repeating circular domains (about 180/tm in diameter). As these structures ('somitomeres') are added to the embryonic axis during neurul ...
... Hensen's node) has been examined in stereo with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Meier (1979) has found that this region is organized into tandemly aligned, repeating circular domains (about 180/tm in diameter). As these structures ('somitomeres') are added to the embryonic axis during neurul ...
Free PDF
... for diabetes therapy demonstrating that the transplanted cells can initiate endogenous pancreatic regeneration by β cell rapid proliferation and neogenesis15. The experience with unpurified BMderived cells in clinical to treat diabetes is very limited. Few years ago, a Spanish study evaluated the im ...
... for diabetes therapy demonstrating that the transplanted cells can initiate endogenous pancreatic regeneration by β cell rapid proliferation and neogenesis15. The experience with unpurified BMderived cells in clinical to treat diabetes is very limited. Few years ago, a Spanish study evaluated the im ...
Human Placenta Is a Potent Hematopoietic
... becomes hematopoietic. The emergence of multipotent progenitors and HSCs, organized in clusters of cells closely adherent to the ventral wall of the dorsal aorta, starts at day 27 in the developing splanchnopleura/AGM region (Tavian et al., 1996, 1999, 2001). Starting at day 30, the first erythroid ...
... becomes hematopoietic. The emergence of multipotent progenitors and HSCs, organized in clusters of cells closely adherent to the ventral wall of the dorsal aorta, starts at day 27 in the developing splanchnopleura/AGM region (Tavian et al., 1996, 1999, 2001). Starting at day 30, the first erythroid ...
Reciprocal signaling between Drosophila epidermal muscle
... of myotubes which develop, through the second half of embryonic development, in close proximity to the basal surfaces of the epidermis (Bate, 1990). The identity of each of these somatic myotubes is thought to be determined by inductive patterning mechanisms that define a single founder cell with a ...
... of myotubes which develop, through the second half of embryonic development, in close proximity to the basal surfaces of the epidermis (Bate, 1990). The identity of each of these somatic myotubes is thought to be determined by inductive patterning mechanisms that define a single founder cell with a ...
Tissue engineering
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions. While it was once categorized as a sub-field of biomaterials, having grown in scope and importance it can be considered as a field in its own right.While most definitions of tissue engineering cover a broad range of applications, in practice the term is closely associated with applications that repair or replace portions of or whole tissues (i.e., bone, cartilage, blood vessels, bladder, skin, muscle etc.). Often, the tissues involved require certain mechanical and structural properties for proper functioning. The term has also been applied to efforts to perform specific biochemical functions using cells within an artificially-created support system (e.g. an artificial pancreas, or a bio artificial liver). The term regenerative medicine is often used synonymously with tissue engineering, although those involved in regenerative medicine place more emphasis on the use of stem cells or progenitor cells to produce tissues.