A Comparative Analysis of Extra-Embryonic Endoderm Cell
... Prior to gastrulation in the mouse, all endodermal cells arise from the primitive endoderm of the blastocyst stage embryo. Primitive endoderm and its derivatives are generally referred to as extra-embryonic endoderm (ExEn) because the majority of these cells contribute to extra-embryonic lineages en ...
... Prior to gastrulation in the mouse, all endodermal cells arise from the primitive endoderm of the blastocyst stage embryo. Primitive endoderm and its derivatives are generally referred to as extra-embryonic endoderm (ExEn) because the majority of these cells contribute to extra-embryonic lineages en ...
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... mechanisms regulating their increase and maintenance in adulthood are poorly understood. Here, we report the use of leptinluciferase BAC transgenic mice to track white adipose tissue (WAT) development and guide the isolation and molecular characterization of adipocytes during development using DNA m ...
... mechanisms regulating their increase and maintenance in adulthood are poorly understood. Here, we report the use of leptinluciferase BAC transgenic mice to track white adipose tissue (WAT) development and guide the isolation and molecular characterization of adipocytes during development using DNA m ...
N-glycosylation and microtubule integrity are involved in apical
... from the microtubule organizing centers are rearranged to form longitudinal arrays with their minus ends facing the apical surface (20). This polarized arrangement of microtubules seems critical for targeting a number of apical proteins, because microtubule depolymerization or disruption of dynein f ...
... from the microtubule organizing centers are rearranged to form longitudinal arrays with their minus ends facing the apical surface (20). This polarized arrangement of microtubules seems critical for targeting a number of apical proteins, because microtubule depolymerization or disruption of dynein f ...
Embryological variation during nematode development
... The impressively detailed studies on cellular development in the Ascaris (clade III) embryo more than a hundred years ago (Muller, 1903) strongly suggested the existence of invariant cell lineages. The complete description of C. elegans embryogenesis on a cell-by-cell basis (Sulston et al., 1983) re ...
... The impressively detailed studies on cellular development in the Ascaris (clade III) embryo more than a hundred years ago (Muller, 1903) strongly suggested the existence of invariant cell lineages. The complete description of C. elegans embryogenesis on a cell-by-cell basis (Sulston et al., 1983) re ...
Physiology Lecture 63
... – Lymphocytes • Continual circulation of lymphocytes – Lymphocytes enter circulation with lymph from the lymph nodes and other lymphoid tissue – After a few hours, they go out of blood and back into the tissues by diapedesis – Again re-enter lymph and return to blood ...
... – Lymphocytes • Continual circulation of lymphocytes – Lymphocytes enter circulation with lymph from the lymph nodes and other lymphoid tissue – After a few hours, they go out of blood and back into the tissues by diapedesis – Again re-enter lymph and return to blood ...
Blood Stem Cell Activity Is Arrested by Th1
... Downloaded from http://www.jimmunol.org/ by guest on May 8, 2017 ...
... Downloaded from http://www.jimmunol.org/ by guest on May 8, 2017 ...
Mutant Superoxide Dismutase-1-Linked Familial Amyotrophic
... 1995). Identification of these mutations suggested that free radicals play a critical role in the pathogenesis of the disease (Deng et al., 1993). It remained unclear, however, whether SOD mutation produced motor neuron death because of loss of SOD enzymatic activity or gain of an adverse f unction. ...
... 1995). Identification of these mutations suggested that free radicals play a critical role in the pathogenesis of the disease (Deng et al., 1993). It remained unclear, however, whether SOD mutation produced motor neuron death because of loss of SOD enzymatic activity or gain of an adverse f unction. ...
... presynaptic side, a secretory apparatus is assembled that is activated by appropriate signaling events (16, 17 ). On the postsynaptic side, a receptor surface is put in place containing molecular machinery that transduces secretory signals into relevant intracellular signals (18). The presynaptic an ...
Life under pressure: hydrostatic pressure in cell growth and function
... Life is all about aqueous chemistry and reactions that occur at surfaces and interfaces. The unique physical properties of water not only promoted the emergence of cellular life but also set limits on effective cell dimensions within which viability and reproduction can be maintained [1]. It was cru ...
... Life is all about aqueous chemistry and reactions that occur at surfaces and interfaces. The unique physical properties of water not only promoted the emergence of cellular life but also set limits on effective cell dimensions within which viability and reproduction can be maintained [1]. It was cru ...
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... The basal rate of H excretion was monitored for 5min, then 100|xM was added to measure the contribution of protons from plasma membrane ...
... The basal rate of H excretion was monitored for 5min, then 100|xM was added to measure the contribution of protons from plasma membrane ...
Involvement of the Vacuoles of the Endodermis in
... The gravitropic response can be divided into four consecutive processes: the perception of gravity, signal formation, signal transduction, and differential growth that probably is mediated by asymmetric auxin distribution (Tasaka et al., 1999). It is accepted generally that starch-containing amylopl ...
... The gravitropic response can be divided into four consecutive processes: the perception of gravity, signal formation, signal transduction, and differential growth that probably is mediated by asymmetric auxin distribution (Tasaka et al., 1999). It is accepted generally that starch-containing amylopl ...
PHAGOCYTOSIS AND INTRACELLULAR KILLING OF SERUM
... the Fc domain of IgG (FcγR). In addition the same ligand can interact with different classes of FcγR. This complexity makes it difficult to study the contribution of the various classes of FcγR to antimicrobial functions. To circumvent this difficulty, in the present study mouse 3T6 fibroblasts tran ...
... the Fc domain of IgG (FcγR). In addition the same ligand can interact with different classes of FcγR. This complexity makes it difficult to study the contribution of the various classes of FcγR to antimicrobial functions. To circumvent this difficulty, in the present study mouse 3T6 fibroblasts tran ...
Circulating precursors of human CD1c+ and CD141+
... with this notion, purified blood CD1c+ and CD141+ cDCs also divided 3–4 times in culture (Fig. 4 c).Thus, hpre-CDCs have a more limited proliferative capacity than CD34+ HSPCs in vitro. Nevertheless, a single hpre-CDC may be able to give rise to as many as 256 cDCs. To determine the clonal efficienc ...
... with this notion, purified blood CD1c+ and CD141+ cDCs also divided 3–4 times in culture (Fig. 4 c).Thus, hpre-CDCs have a more limited proliferative capacity than CD34+ HSPCs in vitro. Nevertheless, a single hpre-CDC may be able to give rise to as many as 256 cDCs. To determine the clonal efficienc ...
Regulation of the cytoplasmic accumulation of 5
... curve at the initiation of the chase, was 0.9-1.0 pmol/ 106 cells per h. The internalization of receptor-bound 5-methyl[3H]tetrahydrofolic acid in the absence of an exogenous source of the ligand can be divided into two steps: (a) movement of the receptor-ligand complex into an acid-resistant membra ...
... curve at the initiation of the chase, was 0.9-1.0 pmol/ 106 cells per h. The internalization of receptor-bound 5-methyl[3H]tetrahydrofolic acid in the absence of an exogenous source of the ligand can be divided into two steps: (a) movement of the receptor-ligand complex into an acid-resistant membra ...
ECM and Drusen
... proteoglycan), laminin and nidogen. Also present in BrM are matricellular proteins and associated proteins. Matricellular proteins contribute to cell-matrix interactions and RPE cell responses and include thrombospondin 1, fibulins, TGF-beta (Bornstein and Sage 2002). Growth factors comprise one cla ...
... proteoglycan), laminin and nidogen. Also present in BrM are matricellular proteins and associated proteins. Matricellular proteins contribute to cell-matrix interactions and RPE cell responses and include thrombospondin 1, fibulins, TGF-beta (Bornstein and Sage 2002). Growth factors comprise one cla ...
Subtype-specific regulation of equilibrative nucleoside transporters
... sites, has been identified, to date, in human cells [8]. Protein kinase CK2 is a serine/threonine protein kinase that is found in nearly all compartments of mammalian cells [11], and exists as a heterotetramer composed of two catalytic (α) subunits and two regulatory (β) subunits [12]. It appears to ...
... sites, has been identified, to date, in human cells [8]. Protein kinase CK2 is a serine/threonine protein kinase that is found in nearly all compartments of mammalian cells [11], and exists as a heterotetramer composed of two catalytic (α) subunits and two regulatory (β) subunits [12]. It appears to ...
The Rice TAL Effector–Dependent Resistance
... rice growing regions of the world. During infection, X. oryzae pv oryzae strains deliver members of the large AvrBs3-related effector family into host cells via the bacterial type III secretion system (Yang and White, 2004). AvrBs3-like effectors, also referred to as transcription activator–like (TA ...
... rice growing regions of the world. During infection, X. oryzae pv oryzae strains deliver members of the large AvrBs3-related effector family into host cells via the bacterial type III secretion system (Yang and White, 2004). AvrBs3-like effectors, also referred to as transcription activator–like (TA ...
Control of the number of cell division rounds in distinct tissues
... female nucleus. The amount of DNA after fertilization and the volume of cytoplasm in an intact egg are supposed as ‘2n’ and 1, respectively. The amount of DNA is ‘n’ when the female nucleus was removed. The volume of cytoplasm is 1/2 in half fragments. The N/C ratio and volume of egg fragments are i ...
... female nucleus. The amount of DNA after fertilization and the volume of cytoplasm in an intact egg are supposed as ‘2n’ and 1, respectively. The amount of DNA is ‘n’ when the female nucleus was removed. The volume of cytoplasm is 1/2 in half fragments. The N/C ratio and volume of egg fragments are i ...
Jan Rice - `Advanced wound assessment`
... • Recently, it was demonstrated that swab specimens obtained using Levine's technique and processed in the laboratory using quantitative procedures provided a reasonably accurate culture compared with that of wound tissue specimens processed in the same ...
... • Recently, it was demonstrated that swab specimens obtained using Levine's technique and processed in the laboratory using quantitative procedures provided a reasonably accurate culture compared with that of wound tissue specimens processed in the same ...
Coombes JL, Han SJ, van Rooijen N, Raulet DH, Robey EA. 2012. Infection-induced regulation of natural killer cells by macrophages and collagen at the lymph node subcapsular sinus. Cell rep 2(1):124-135.
... observed that a substantial fraction of the slow-moving NK cells closely associated with second harmonic signals indicative of collagen fibers (Figure 3A; Movie S2). Antibody staining of lymph node tissue sections confirmed that these structures contained type I collagen (Figure 3B). Interactions be ...
... observed that a substantial fraction of the slow-moving NK cells closely associated with second harmonic signals indicative of collagen fibers (Figure 3A; Movie S2). Antibody staining of lymph node tissue sections confirmed that these structures contained type I collagen (Figure 3B). Interactions be ...
The Evolution of Robust Development and Homeostasis in Artificial
... consequence of the evolution of development. Using artificial evolution, we evolved cellular automata-based digital organisms that have distinct embryonic and homeostatic phases of development. Although these evolved organisms use a variety of strategies to maintain their form over time, organisms o ...
... consequence of the evolution of development. Using artificial evolution, we evolved cellular automata-based digital organisms that have distinct embryonic and homeostatic phases of development. Although these evolved organisms use a variety of strategies to maintain their form over time, organisms o ...
Mouse embryonic stem cells can differentiate via multiple
... or late states, or does it utilize an entirely distinct path (Fig. 1b)? And can DP converge fully to the same final state that is produced in embryos despite taking an alternative path (Fig. 1c)? These questions have been challenging to answer in part due to the high degree of heterogeneity in dir ...
... or late states, or does it utilize an entirely distinct path (Fig. 1b)? And can DP converge fully to the same final state that is produced in embryos despite taking an alternative path (Fig. 1c)? These questions have been challenging to answer in part due to the high degree of heterogeneity in dir ...
Cell Receptor To Promote B Cell Survival R Interacts and
... cultured WT and FcmR2/2 splenic B cells in the presence of antiIgM F(ab9)2 fragment, CD40L, or LPS. Consistent with our previous findings (19), FcmR2/2 splenic B cells showed decreased survival following a-IgM but not LPS stimulation (Fig. 1A, 1B). In addition, we found that FcmR deficiency did not ...
... cultured WT and FcmR2/2 splenic B cells in the presence of antiIgM F(ab9)2 fragment, CD40L, or LPS. Consistent with our previous findings (19), FcmR2/2 splenic B cells showed decreased survival following a-IgM but not LPS stimulation (Fig. 1A, 1B). In addition, we found that FcmR deficiency did not ...
Cytoskeletal control of plant cell shape: getting the fine points
... new cell wall material and membrane [29]. However, Factin has long been suspected to play one or more additional roles in tip growth. This notion has recently been strengthened by the observation that tip growth is considerably more sensitive to a variety of actin-disrupting treatments than is the ...
... new cell wall material and membrane [29]. However, Factin has long been suspected to play one or more additional roles in tip growth. This notion has recently been strengthened by the observation that tip growth is considerably more sensitive to a variety of actin-disrupting treatments than is the ...
1749-8104-8-5 - Cambridge Repository
... Pard3-GFP is not strongly polarized in neural rod cells at 15 hpf (Figure 2C), but by 18 hpf Pard3-GFP is distinctly localized to the midline of the rod (Figure 2D). This timing of Pard3-GFP polarization is unaffected by isochronic transplantation (Figure 2E,F). Therefore isochronic cells show norma ...
... Pard3-GFP is not strongly polarized in neural rod cells at 15 hpf (Figure 2C), but by 18 hpf Pard3-GFP is distinctly localized to the midline of the rod (Figure 2D). This timing of Pard3-GFP polarization is unaffected by isochronic transplantation (Figure 2E,F). Therefore isochronic cells show norma ...
Tissue engineering
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions. While it was once categorized as a sub-field of biomaterials, having grown in scope and importance it can be considered as a field in its own right.While most definitions of tissue engineering cover a broad range of applications, in practice the term is closely associated with applications that repair or replace portions of or whole tissues (i.e., bone, cartilage, blood vessels, bladder, skin, muscle etc.). Often, the tissues involved require certain mechanical and structural properties for proper functioning. The term has also been applied to efforts to perform specific biochemical functions using cells within an artificially-created support system (e.g. an artificial pancreas, or a bio artificial liver). The term regenerative medicine is often used synonymously with tissue engineering, although those involved in regenerative medicine place more emphasis on the use of stem cells or progenitor cells to produce tissues.