Activation of β-Catenin in Dendritic Cells Regulates
... Whether β-catenin signaling in DCs is critical for intestinal homeostasis. We compared the frequencies of Treg cells and TH17/TH1 cells in the intestine of β-catDC−/− and β-catfl/fl mice because intestinal DCs and macrophages play an important role in the induction of these subsets. β-catDC−/− mice ...
... Whether β-catenin signaling in DCs is critical for intestinal homeostasis. We compared the frequencies of Treg cells and TH17/TH1 cells in the intestine of β-catDC−/− and β-catfl/fl mice because intestinal DCs and macrophages play an important role in the induction of these subsets. β-catDC−/− mice ...
Positioning the Flagellum at the Center of a Dividing Cell To
... observed division scenario, we formulated a mathematical model (Fig. 4). In general, cellular polarity is established and inherited via intracellular protein gradients (5, 6, 25). Due to their small cell size, gradients in bacterial cells are typically gradients of the active form of a protein rathe ...
... observed division scenario, we formulated a mathematical model (Fig. 4). In general, cellular polarity is established and inherited via intracellular protein gradients (5, 6, 25). Due to their small cell size, gradients in bacterial cells are typically gradients of the active form of a protein rathe ...
mpges
... synovial joints leading to inflammation, pain and joint deformities. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and glucocorticoids, both of which inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX), have been extensively used for treating RA patients. Prostaglandin E synthase (PGES) is a specific biosynthetic enzyme t ...
... synovial joints leading to inflammation, pain and joint deformities. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and glucocorticoids, both of which inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX), have been extensively used for treating RA patients. Prostaglandin E synthase (PGES) is a specific biosynthetic enzyme t ...
Interaction with PI3-kinase contributes to the cytotoxic activity ofApoptin S Maddika
... appears to be important for the selective toxicity towards transformed and cancer cells. In cells resistant to apoptin-mediated cell death, the protein has a cytoplasmic localization, whereas in sensitive cells, apoptin is found in the nucleus (Danen-Van Oorschot et al., 2003). Apoptin was described ...
... appears to be important for the selective toxicity towards transformed and cancer cells. In cells resistant to apoptin-mediated cell death, the protein has a cytoplasmic localization, whereas in sensitive cells, apoptin is found in the nucleus (Danen-Van Oorschot et al., 2003). Apoptin was described ...
Betulinic Acid-induced Programmed Cell Death in
... revealed that cytotoxic responses can be mediated with other cell types (4 – 8), but a key observation remains the significant antitumor response with human melanoma carried in athymic mice (1) under experimental conditions yielding little or no toxicity. Accordingly, a question of great interest co ...
... revealed that cytotoxic responses can be mediated with other cell types (4 – 8), but a key observation remains the significant antitumor response with human melanoma carried in athymic mice (1) under experimental conditions yielding little or no toxicity. Accordingly, a question of great interest co ...
Polyamines in embryogenic cultures of Norway spruce (Picea abies
... proliferation medium to maturation medium; thereafter, they were transferred to fresh maturation medium at 2-week intervals until mature embryos developed. Concentrations of polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors used were based on studies with several other tissues. All cultures were maintained at 25 + ...
... proliferation medium to maturation medium; thereafter, they were transferred to fresh maturation medium at 2-week intervals until mature embryos developed. Concentrations of polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors used were based on studies with several other tissues. All cultures were maintained at 25 + ...
Chlorophyll is not the primary photoreceptor for the
... de-etiolation, light stimulates the growth of dicot leaves by extensive cell enlargement with a high ¯uence rate optimum of >100 lmol photons cm)2 s)1 (Butler 1963; Sale and Vince 1963; Van Volkenburgh et al. 1990; Stahlberg and Van Volkenburgh 1999). In many cases light does so by causing cell wall ...
... de-etiolation, light stimulates the growth of dicot leaves by extensive cell enlargement with a high ¯uence rate optimum of >100 lmol photons cm)2 s)1 (Butler 1963; Sale and Vince 1963; Van Volkenburgh et al. 1990; Stahlberg and Van Volkenburgh 1999). In many cases light does so by causing cell wall ...
Retinoic acid receptor alpha drives cell cycle progression and is
... aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphomas of mature T-cell origin that demonstrate marked clinical, pathological, and molecular heterogeneity, with over 20 subtypes currently recognized by the World Health Organization [1]. Outcomes generally are poor following standard combination chemotherapy regimens, mos ...
... aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphomas of mature T-cell origin that demonstrate marked clinical, pathological, and molecular heterogeneity, with over 20 subtypes currently recognized by the World Health Organization [1]. Outcomes generally are poor following standard combination chemotherapy regimens, mos ...
Influence of Deformability of Human Red Cells upon Blood Viscosity
... other suspensions of similar concentration. The underlying mechanisms were studied by rotational viscometry, red cell filtration, viscometry of packed cells and direct microscopic observation of red cells under flow in a transparent cone plate viscometer. Deformability of red cells was altered osmot ...
... other suspensions of similar concentration. The underlying mechanisms were studied by rotational viscometry, red cell filtration, viscometry of packed cells and direct microscopic observation of red cells under flow in a transparent cone plate viscometer. Deformability of red cells was altered osmot ...
Cell Wall Architecture Prerequisite for the Cell Division in the
... membrane often lacks the deposition of such structure, which means the structure is not functioning in the mechanical support of the cells. The innermost lamellae provide the major structural support to the cells. It is suggested that the lamellae with random microfibrils are too thin to be observed ...
... membrane often lacks the deposition of such structure, which means the structure is not functioning in the mechanical support of the cells. The innermost lamellae provide the major structural support to the cells. It is suggested that the lamellae with random microfibrils are too thin to be observed ...
separation of cell types from embryonic chicken and rat spinal cord
... many of their morphological and biochemical characteristics. Tissue explants and cells dissociated from several nerve tissues, including spinal cord, have been successfully maintained in vitro, and the properties of both glial and neuronal cells have been described (Fischbach and Nelson, 1977; Patri ...
... many of their morphological and biochemical characteristics. Tissue explants and cells dissociated from several nerve tissues, including spinal cord, have been successfully maintained in vitro, and the properties of both glial and neuronal cells have been described (Fischbach and Nelson, 1977; Patri ...
Animal and plant orientation
... Plants depend on their leaves receiving enough sunlight to carry out photosynthesis. They need this to supply energy to stay alive. For this reason, plant shoots grow toward the light. Similarly, their roots must seek out and absorb water - in fact the roots will grow towards water. The roots are al ...
... Plants depend on their leaves receiving enough sunlight to carry out photosynthesis. They need this to supply energy to stay alive. For this reason, plant shoots grow toward the light. Similarly, their roots must seek out and absorb water - in fact the roots will grow towards water. The roots are al ...
The Differences between NAD-ME and NADP
... The evolutionary transition to C4 photosynthesis remains undetermined. Phylogenomics analysis has indicated the difference of recruitment of major decarboxylating enzymes into C4 photosynthesis in NAD-ME and NADP-ME subtypes (Maier et al., 2011; Christin et al., 2013). The non-photosynthetic NADME i ...
... The evolutionary transition to C4 photosynthesis remains undetermined. Phylogenomics analysis has indicated the difference of recruitment of major decarboxylating enzymes into C4 photosynthesis in NAD-ME and NADP-ME subtypes (Maier et al., 2011; Christin et al., 2013). The non-photosynthetic NADME i ...
Soft Tissue Mobilization - Institute of Physical Art
... The delicate balance of each component within it determines the properties of connective tissue. Both collagen and elastin resist tensile loads. Proteoglycans and GAGs provide hydration within the matrix and resist compressive loads. Recent studies have shown that fi broblasts may also have the gene ...
... The delicate balance of each component within it determines the properties of connective tissue. Both collagen and elastin resist tensile loads. Proteoglycans and GAGs provide hydration within the matrix and resist compressive loads. Recent studies have shown that fi broblasts may also have the gene ...
Interaction of Bacterial Populations in Coupled Microchambers
... We used a microfluidic device shown in Fig. 1A,B to culture bacteria in microchambers and study the interaction between distinct populations. Bacteria may grow in this device in a flow-free environment making heterogeneities in the spatial distribution of chemicals possible. The compartments in the ...
... We used a microfluidic device shown in Fig. 1A,B to culture bacteria in microchambers and study the interaction between distinct populations. Bacteria may grow in this device in a flow-free environment making heterogeneities in the spatial distribution of chemicals possible. The compartments in the ...
The tRNA methyltransferase Dnmt2 is required foraccurate
... restoration of the LSK cell population from 46.4 19.01% (8 days) up to 130 4.23% in 1-year-old Dnmt2/ mice relative to wildtype (Fig 1G). The recovery of LSK cell numbers was also accompanied by a restoration of the bone marrow histology in adult mutants (Fig EV1C), which indicates that the de ...
... restoration of the LSK cell population from 46.4 19.01% (8 days) up to 130 4.23% in 1-year-old Dnmt2/ mice relative to wildtype (Fig 1G). The recovery of LSK cell numbers was also accompanied by a restoration of the bone marrow histology in adult mutants (Fig EV1C), which indicates that the de ...
Regulation of Vascular Development - Size
... continuity must be maintained across this growth zone. The primary vascular system also retains a capacity for modification. For instance, fully expanded leaves may develop additional vascular connections in the stem, and older stems can still form new vascular bridges to circumvent a wound. In wood ...
... continuity must be maintained across this growth zone. The primary vascular system also retains a capacity for modification. For instance, fully expanded leaves may develop additional vascular connections in the stem, and older stems can still form new vascular bridges to circumvent a wound. In wood ...
Review Convergent Extension - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
... dramatic changes in shape. The lengthening and narrowing of a field of cells, termed convergent extension, contributes to a variety of morphogenetic processes. Focusing on frogs and fish, we review the different cellular mechanisms and the well-conserved signaling pathways that underlie this process ...
... dramatic changes in shape. The lengthening and narrowing of a field of cells, termed convergent extension, contributes to a variety of morphogenetic processes. Focusing on frogs and fish, we review the different cellular mechanisms and the well-conserved signaling pathways that underlie this process ...
Expression and Endocytosis of Lysosomal
... Incubation was continued further for different time periods to allow the expressed polypeptides to be transported to their final destination. Neuron-specific expression of AGA was detected by double labeling with mouse antibody against 160 kDa neurofilament polypeptide and rabbit antiserum raised ag ...
... Incubation was continued further for different time periods to allow the expressed polypeptides to be transported to their final destination. Neuron-specific expression of AGA was detected by double labeling with mouse antibody against 160 kDa neurofilament polypeptide and rabbit antiserum raised ag ...
Role of CD45 Signaling Pathway in Galactoxylomannan- Induced T Cell Damage
... cell apoptosis, using CD45+/+ and CD452/2 cell lines, derived from BW5147 murine T cell lymphoma. Our results show that whereas CD45 expression is not required for GalXM association by the cells, it is essential for apoptosis induction. In CD45+/+ cells, CD45 triggering by GalXM reduces the activati ...
... cell apoptosis, using CD45+/+ and CD452/2 cell lines, derived from BW5147 murine T cell lymphoma. Our results show that whereas CD45 expression is not required for GalXM association by the cells, it is essential for apoptosis induction. In CD45+/+ cells, CD45 triggering by GalXM reduces the activati ...
Intrusive growth of flax phloem fibers is of intercalary type
... intrusive growth is hampered by the inability to reproduce it in vitro or to isolate the cells at this stage of development in sufficient amounts for biochemical or molecular-biological study. Intrusive growth is a characteristic of several plant tissues (Esau 1977; Fahn 1990; Lev-Yadun 2001) with s ...
... intrusive growth is hampered by the inability to reproduce it in vitro or to isolate the cells at this stage of development in sufficient amounts for biochemical or molecular-biological study. Intrusive growth is a characteristic of several plant tissues (Esau 1977; Fahn 1990; Lev-Yadun 2001) with s ...
Burst and tonic firing in thalamic cells of
... tonic firing; the other we call “liberal” because it errs on the other side. The rationale for applying both sets of criteria is to obtain upper and lower estimates for the amount of bursting, since with extracellular recording it is impossible to identify bursts more directly. In any case, these cr ...
... tonic firing; the other we call “liberal” because it errs on the other side. The rationale for applying both sets of criteria is to obtain upper and lower estimates for the amount of bursting, since with extracellular recording it is impossible to identify bursts more directly. In any case, these cr ...
Translocation and Clustering of Endosomes and
... carried out according to either of two different protocols. (a) Cells were fixed in 3 % paraformaldehyde/0.02 % glntaraldehyde in PBS and permeabilized in methanol at -20~ as described (32). Lysosomes and microtubules were labeled using rabbit antibodies against a 120K iysosomal membrane glycoprotei ...
... carried out according to either of two different protocols. (a) Cells were fixed in 3 % paraformaldehyde/0.02 % glntaraldehyde in PBS and permeabilized in methanol at -20~ as described (32). Lysosomes and microtubules were labeled using rabbit antibodies against a 120K iysosomal membrane glycoprotei ...
Universal Microfluidic System for Analysis and Control of Cell
... a range of signaling molecules and growth factors regulating the maintenance of stem cell pool. During development or injury, the composition of the niche rapidly changes to allow differentiation into different lineages. The signals received by cells at various decision points on the epigenetic land ...
... a range of signaling molecules and growth factors regulating the maintenance of stem cell pool. During development or injury, the composition of the niche rapidly changes to allow differentiation into different lineages. The signals received by cells at various decision points on the epigenetic land ...
Tissue engineering
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions. While it was once categorized as a sub-field of biomaterials, having grown in scope and importance it can be considered as a field in its own right.While most definitions of tissue engineering cover a broad range of applications, in practice the term is closely associated with applications that repair or replace portions of or whole tissues (i.e., bone, cartilage, blood vessels, bladder, skin, muscle etc.). Often, the tissues involved require certain mechanical and structural properties for proper functioning. The term has also been applied to efforts to perform specific biochemical functions using cells within an artificially-created support system (e.g. an artificial pancreas, or a bio artificial liver). The term regenerative medicine is often used synonymously with tissue engineering, although those involved in regenerative medicine place more emphasis on the use of stem cells or progenitor cells to produce tissues.