Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) is Produced by Myelin Reactive T
... demyelination in which oligodendrocytes, the myelin forming cells of the CNS, are depleted (Lucchinetti et al., 1999). Although autoreactive T cells are considered to be key players in the immunopathogenesis of MS (reviewed in (Hellings et al., 2002b)), the exact mechanisms contributing to the immun ...
... demyelination in which oligodendrocytes, the myelin forming cells of the CNS, are depleted (Lucchinetti et al., 1999). Although autoreactive T cells are considered to be key players in the immunopathogenesis of MS (reviewed in (Hellings et al., 2002b)), the exact mechanisms contributing to the immun ...
Molecular Identification of a SNAP-25
... as a ⬃300-bp fragment from genomic DNA or as a full-length cDNA sequence, were amplified by PCR using the PtSNAP-specific oligonucleotides (Table 1) and cloned into the double T7 promoter plasmid pL4440 (71) over the SpeI and XhoI restriction sites. Plasmids were introduced in the E. coli Ht115 stra ...
... as a ⬃300-bp fragment from genomic DNA or as a full-length cDNA sequence, were amplified by PCR using the PtSNAP-specific oligonucleotides (Table 1) and cloned into the double T7 promoter plasmid pL4440 (71) over the SpeI and XhoI restriction sites. Plasmids were introduced in the E. coli Ht115 stra ...
When Cells Become Organelle Donors
... prevented by blocking nanotube formation or when the transferred mitochondria are dysfunctional due to ethidium bromide pretreatment (29). Although most studies of intercellular organelle transfer focus on the beneficial effects of the transfer, it is less clear whether intercellular organelle trans ...
... prevented by blocking nanotube formation or when the transferred mitochondria are dysfunctional due to ethidium bromide pretreatment (29). Although most studies of intercellular organelle transfer focus on the beneficial effects of the transfer, it is less clear whether intercellular organelle trans ...
Factors PU.1, Spi-B, and Spi-C Transformation
... revealed that splenic transitional B cells are the precursors for both FO and MZ B cells (5, 6). Transitional B cells that enter the spleen from the blood express B220 and CD93 (AA4.1), and can be subdivided into transitional-1 (T1)–transitional-3 (T3) stages by differential expression of the cell s ...
... revealed that splenic transitional B cells are the precursors for both FO and MZ B cells (5, 6). Transitional B cells that enter the spleen from the blood express B220 and CD93 (AA4.1), and can be subdivided into transitional-1 (T1)–transitional-3 (T3) stages by differential expression of the cell s ...
Metabolic Incorporation of Stable Isotope Labels into Glycans
... field of glycomics.14 Mass spectrometry has developed into the analytical method of choice as it provides a rapid, sensitive and reliable method to analyze complex mixtures.15 Glycomic studies typically involve the en toto release of the glycans followed by MS analysis of the glycans.16, 17 While th ...
... field of glycomics.14 Mass spectrometry has developed into the analytical method of choice as it provides a rapid, sensitive and reliable method to analyze complex mixtures.15 Glycomic studies typically involve the en toto release of the glycans followed by MS analysis of the glycans.16, 17 While th ...
The importance of Src homology 2 domain-containing
... 14 eukaryotic proteins.22 They were predicted to feature a high content of ␣-helices and to participate in protein-protein interactions.22,23 Since then, more than 1300 SAM-containing proteins have been identified in various organisms, ranging from yeast to humans. SAM domains can be found in all su ...
... 14 eukaryotic proteins.22 They were predicted to feature a high content of ␣-helices and to participate in protein-protein interactions.22,23 Since then, more than 1300 SAM-containing proteins have been identified in various organisms, ranging from yeast to humans. SAM domains can be found in all su ...
Length and Amino Acid Composition Complementarity
... successful LC pairing, however, remain to be determined. Some evidence suggests that the V-D-J joint that encodes CDR3 can impact HC folding and the ability to form HC-LC heterodimers (6). In particular, rearrangements using the most D-proximal V gene segment, VH81X, have been found to generate HC p ...
... successful LC pairing, however, remain to be determined. Some evidence suggests that the V-D-J joint that encodes CDR3 can impact HC folding and the ability to form HC-LC heterodimers (6). In particular, rearrangements using the most D-proximal V gene segment, VH81X, have been found to generate HC p ...
Localization of the Microtubule End Binding Protein
... Otegui and Staehelin, 2000). This, the phragmoplast, then grows out centrifugally, opening up as a ring that deposits the cell plate in its center. Microtubule hook decoration studies have shown that phragmoplast microtubules share the same polarity as those of the spindle, with the plus ends overla ...
... Otegui and Staehelin, 2000). This, the phragmoplast, then grows out centrifugally, opening up as a ring that deposits the cell plate in its center. Microtubule hook decoration studies have shown that phragmoplast microtubules share the same polarity as those of the spindle, with the plus ends overla ...
The Bovine CD1 Family Contains Group 1 CD1 Proteins, but No
... CD1 family of genes in cattle (Bos taurus) and provide evidence that B. taurus expresses CD1a, CD1e, and multiple CD1b molecules, but no CD1c and CD1d molecules. In mice and humans, CD1d is known to present Ag to NKT cells, a T cell lineage that is characterized by a limited TCR repertoire, capable ...
... CD1 family of genes in cattle (Bos taurus) and provide evidence that B. taurus expresses CD1a, CD1e, and multiple CD1b molecules, but no CD1c and CD1d molecules. In mice and humans, CD1d is known to present Ag to NKT cells, a T cell lineage that is characterized by a limited TCR repertoire, capable ...
Minus End-Directed Kinesin-Like Motor Protein
... Furthermore, it has been shown that Drosophila oocytes do not have a centrosome in any form [Matthies et al., 1996]. However, in prophase, these cells form spindles with convergent poles and spontaneous mitotic aberrations are virtually non-existent. However, aberrations in spindle morphogenesis and ...
... Furthermore, it has been shown that Drosophila oocytes do not have a centrosome in any form [Matthies et al., 1996]. However, in prophase, these cells form spindles with convergent poles and spontaneous mitotic aberrations are virtually non-existent. However, aberrations in spindle morphogenesis and ...
G Protein Subunits Synthesized in Sf9 Cells
... Expression of G Protein @ySubunits in Sf9 Cells-Concurextracts from cells expressing pZ and y l , although y can be rent infection of Sf9 cells with recombinant baculoviruses solubilized efficiently. This extraction behavior is similar to encoding the G protein p2 and y2 subunits leads to a substan- ...
... Expression of G Protein @ySubunits in Sf9 Cells-Concurextracts from cells expressing pZ and y l , although y can be rent infection of Sf9 cells with recombinant baculoviruses solubilized efficiently. This extraction behavior is similar to encoding the G protein p2 and y2 subunits leads to a substan- ...
CD4 T Cell-Associated Pathophysiology Critically Depends on
... (CD18null), we were able to show that lack of the 2 integrin subunit markedly impairs T cell extravasation (20). Introduction of an insertion mutation in the murine CD18 gene resulting in a duplication of exons 2 and 3 yielded a mouse model with a severe reduction of CD18 expression with only 2–16% ...
... (CD18null), we were able to show that lack of the 2 integrin subunit markedly impairs T cell extravasation (20). Introduction of an insertion mutation in the murine CD18 gene resulting in a duplication of exons 2 and 3 yielded a mouse model with a severe reduction of CD18 expression with only 2–16% ...
Pro-Survival Role of Gelsolin in Mouse β
... cell types by different pathways. Gelsolin has thus been shown to block a target upstream of caspase-3 (14), to inhibit activation of caspase-3 by forming a complex with phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (15), to block loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibit the release of cytochrom ...
... cell types by different pathways. Gelsolin has thus been shown to block a target upstream of caspase-3 (14), to inhibit activation of caspase-3 by forming a complex with phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (15), to block loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibit the release of cytochrom ...
Immortalized Murine Striatal Neuronal Cell Lines Expressing
... For all assays, incubation was terminated by filtration under reduced pressure over Whatman GF/B filters (pretreated with 0.3% poly-l-lysine) using a Brandel Cell Harvester modified for radioligand binding assays. Filters were rinsed three times with 5.0 ml ice-cold 50 mM TrisHCI buffer (pH 7.7 at 2 ...
... For all assays, incubation was terminated by filtration under reduced pressure over Whatman GF/B filters (pretreated with 0.3% poly-l-lysine) using a Brandel Cell Harvester modified for radioligand binding assays. Filters were rinsed three times with 5.0 ml ice-cold 50 mM TrisHCI buffer (pH 7.7 at 2 ...
“Ultrathin” DSAEK Tissue Prepared With a Low–Pulse Energy, High
... (DSAEK) is currently the surgical standard of care for the treatment of endothelial failure. Although there is no question regarding the efficacy of this surgery, which results in the vast majority of patients with best spectacle-corrected acuity of 20/40 or better,1–4 there has been a great deal of ...
... (DSAEK) is currently the surgical standard of care for the treatment of endothelial failure. Although there is no question regarding the efficacy of this surgery, which results in the vast majority of patients with best spectacle-corrected acuity of 20/40 or better,1–4 there has been a great deal of ...
CDK11p58 kinase activity is required to protect sister chromatid
... Loss of sister chromatid cohesion upon CDK11 depletion is restricted to mitosis: Previous studies have reported that the lack of the short isoform (p58) of CDK11 is responsible for the cohesion defect observed in CDK11 depletion experiments . Since CDK11p58 is expressed during G2 and M stages of th ...
... Loss of sister chromatid cohesion upon CDK11 depletion is restricted to mitosis: Previous studies have reported that the lack of the short isoform (p58) of CDK11 is responsible for the cohesion defect observed in CDK11 depletion experiments . Since CDK11p58 is expressed during G2 and M stages of th ...
Phosphoinositide Signaling Regulates the Exocyst Complex and
... (A) shRNA/lentiviral system was used to knock down endogenous PIPKIgi2. Isolated cell lines (designated as PIPKIgi2shRNA1 and PIPKIgi2shRNA2) were examined by immunoblotting for knockdown of PIPKIgi2. b1 int., b1-integrin. (B) Control or PIPKIgi2 knockdown cells grown to confluency were wounded, and ...
... (A) shRNA/lentiviral system was used to knock down endogenous PIPKIgi2. Isolated cell lines (designated as PIPKIgi2shRNA1 and PIPKIgi2shRNA2) were examined by immunoblotting for knockdown of PIPKIgi2. b1 int., b1-integrin. (B) Control or PIPKIgi2 knockdown cells grown to confluency were wounded, and ...
Chapter 3: Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope
... they can be distinguished as separate, the greater the resolving power. u Light must pass between two objects in order for them to be seen as separate. u Depends on light wavelength. If wavelength is too long to pass between objects, they will appear as one. uWhite light has a relatively long wavele ...
... they can be distinguished as separate, the greater the resolving power. u Light must pass between two objects in order for them to be seen as separate. u Depends on light wavelength. If wavelength is too long to pass between objects, they will appear as one. uWhite light has a relatively long wavele ...
Q5D - ICH
... The source of cells (laboratory or culture collection) from which the cell substrate was derived should be stated, and relevant references from the scientific literature should be cited. Information obtained directly from the source laboratory is preferred. When this is not available, literature ref ...
... The source of cells (laboratory or culture collection) from which the cell substrate was derived should be stated, and relevant references from the scientific literature should be cited. Information obtained directly from the source laboratory is preferred. When this is not available, literature ref ...
reviews
... The primary tissue types of the mouse| Molecular embryo —Cell Biology trophectoderm, epiblast and primitive endoderm — are established before implantation at around embryonic day 4.5 (E4.5). a | At E2.5, the eight blastomeres initially show overlapping expression of two transcription factors, caudal ...
... The primary tissue types of the mouse| Molecular embryo —Cell Biology trophectoderm, epiblast and primitive endoderm — are established before implantation at around embryonic day 4.5 (E4.5). a | At E2.5, the eight blastomeres initially show overlapping expression of two transcription factors, caudal ...
Mitochondrial alternative oxidase acts to dampen the generation of
... These transgenic cells lack any significant AOX capacity, even when grown under P limitation (Fig. 1; Parsons et al. 1999). Hence, if AOX does contribute to the high rate of respiration seen when P-limited wt cells are resupplied with P, then one might expect that P-limited AS8 cells would show a le ...
... These transgenic cells lack any significant AOX capacity, even when grown under P limitation (Fig. 1; Parsons et al. 1999). Hence, if AOX does contribute to the high rate of respiration seen when P-limited wt cells are resupplied with P, then one might expect that P-limited AS8 cells would show a le ...
Cell Cycle Regulation of the Activity and Subcellular Localization of
... numerous protein kinases and phosphatases that are required for progression through mitosis (for reviews see Forsburg and Nurse, 1991; Glover, 1991; Kinoshita et al., 1991; Yanagida et al., 1992). Among the protein kinases implicated in controlling spindle function and chromosome segregation is polo ...
... numerous protein kinases and phosphatases that are required for progression through mitosis (for reviews see Forsburg and Nurse, 1991; Glover, 1991; Kinoshita et al., 1991; Yanagida et al., 1992). Among the protein kinases implicated in controlling spindle function and chromosome segregation is polo ...
Primary endothelial cells isolated from the yolk sac
... numbers of macrophage and megakaryocyte progenitors.2 On 8.25 dpc, definitive progenitor cells also emerge in the yolk sac but not the embryo.3,4 By 8.5 dpc, the frequency of EryP diminishes and EryP are absent in the 9.0-dpc yolk sac; however, the frequency of definitive progenitor cells increases ...
... numbers of macrophage and megakaryocyte progenitors.2 On 8.25 dpc, definitive progenitor cells also emerge in the yolk sac but not the embryo.3,4 By 8.5 dpc, the frequency of EryP diminishes and EryP are absent in the 9.0-dpc yolk sac; however, the frequency of definitive progenitor cells increases ...
Sheet_3
... through hormones that are usually released into the median eminence ( the primary capillary plexus that is composed of the superior hypophyseal artery ) , where they pass through the capillary endings ( hypophyseal portal veins ) to the secondary capillary plexus in the anterior pituitary , stimulat ...
... through hormones that are usually released into the median eminence ( the primary capillary plexus that is composed of the superior hypophyseal artery ) , where they pass through the capillary endings ( hypophyseal portal veins ) to the secondary capillary plexus in the anterior pituitary , stimulat ...
Tissue engineering
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions. While it was once categorized as a sub-field of biomaterials, having grown in scope and importance it can be considered as a field in its own right.While most definitions of tissue engineering cover a broad range of applications, in practice the term is closely associated with applications that repair or replace portions of or whole tissues (i.e., bone, cartilage, blood vessels, bladder, skin, muscle etc.). Often, the tissues involved require certain mechanical and structural properties for proper functioning. The term has also been applied to efforts to perform specific biochemical functions using cells within an artificially-created support system (e.g. an artificial pancreas, or a bio artificial liver). The term regenerative medicine is often used synonymously with tissue engineering, although those involved in regenerative medicine place more emphasis on the use of stem cells or progenitor cells to produce tissues.