Mitochondrial behaviour throughout the lytic cycle of Toxoplasma
... Morphological changes in the mitochondrion of extracellular tachyzoites. Most previously available imaging of mitochondrial morphology and dynamics in live T. gondii utilized a matrix marker whereby the leader sequence of mitochondrial HSP60 is fused to the red fluorescent protein and the resulting ...
... Morphological changes in the mitochondrion of extracellular tachyzoites. Most previously available imaging of mitochondrial morphology and dynamics in live T. gondii utilized a matrix marker whereby the leader sequence of mitochondrial HSP60 is fused to the red fluorescent protein and the resulting ...
Embryonic stem cell differentiation: emergence of a new era in
... and specification. Comparable studies are difficult in the mouse embryo and impossible in the human embryo. In addition to providing a model of early development, the ES cell differentiation system is viewed by many as a novel and unlimited source of cells and tissues for transplantation for the tre ...
... and specification. Comparable studies are difficult in the mouse embryo and impossible in the human embryo. In addition to providing a model of early development, the ES cell differentiation system is viewed by many as a novel and unlimited source of cells and tissues for transplantation for the tre ...
Session 241 Ganglion Cells: Development, axotomy, trauma
... Methods: Activation of PI3K was by the PTD4-PI3KAc peptide, which consists in a transduction domain, PTD4 (Tyr-Gly-ArgLys-Lys-Arg-Arg-Gln-Arg-Arg-Arg), fused to a phosphopeptide containing the intracellular phosphorylated domain of the PDGF receptor C-terminus (Gly-Ser-Asp-Gly-Gly-pTyr-Met-Asp-MetSe ...
... Methods: Activation of PI3K was by the PTD4-PI3KAc peptide, which consists in a transduction domain, PTD4 (Tyr-Gly-ArgLys-Lys-Arg-Arg-Gln-Arg-Arg-Arg), fused to a phosphopeptide containing the intracellular phosphorylated domain of the PDGF receptor C-terminus (Gly-Ser-Asp-Gly-Gly-pTyr-Met-Asp-MetSe ...
Shh signalling and cell death in limb development
... Fig. 1. Shh expression and cell death following grafts of polarising region cells (A-H) or Shh beads (I-L) to the posterior margin. (A) Graft of polarising region cells to posterior margin of a stage 20 wing bud. Embryo collected immediately after the operation and subjected to in situ hybridisation ...
... Fig. 1. Shh expression and cell death following grafts of polarising region cells (A-H) or Shh beads (I-L) to the posterior margin. (A) Graft of polarising region cells to posterior margin of a stage 20 wing bud. Embryo collected immediately after the operation and subjected to in situ hybridisation ...
Effect of Colchicine on Human Tissues.
... large lymphocytes, or "lymphoblasts" of the lymph nodes, the epithelium of the fallopian tubes, endometrium, and the epithelium of the renal tubules. In the latter instance, an occasional multinucleated cell could be found (fig. 6). Diagnosis: Colchicine poisoning, scirrhous duct carcinoma of the ri ...
... large lymphocytes, or "lymphoblasts" of the lymph nodes, the epithelium of the fallopian tubes, endometrium, and the epithelium of the renal tubules. In the latter instance, an occasional multinucleated cell could be found (fig. 6). Diagnosis: Colchicine poisoning, scirrhous duct carcinoma of the ri ...
Escherichia coli Karl Skoog
... The biogenesis of the peptidoglycan layer can be divided into two steps. The first step, synthesis of the peptidoglycan precursor, occurs in the cytoplasm, whereas the second step, polymerization of peptidoglycan precursors to form the peptidoglycan layer, occurs in the periplasm 35. The peptidoglyc ...
... The biogenesis of the peptidoglycan layer can be divided into two steps. The first step, synthesis of the peptidoglycan precursor, occurs in the cytoplasm, whereas the second step, polymerization of peptidoglycan precursors to form the peptidoglycan layer, occurs in the periplasm 35. The peptidoglyc ...
Imaging Cell Wall Architecture in Single Zinnia
... directly probe for polysaccharide and aromatic molecules in native as well as treated plant material (Carpita et al., 2001; McCann et al., 2001). FTIR spectromicroscopy is not only able to identify chemical components in a specific system but also can determine their distribution and relative abunda ...
... directly probe for polysaccharide and aromatic molecules in native as well as treated plant material (Carpita et al., 2001; McCann et al., 2001). FTIR spectromicroscopy is not only able to identify chemical components in a specific system but also can determine their distribution and relative abunda ...
Mosses as model systems for the study of metabolism and
... their growth media (120, 122). Complementation analysis between 15 OVE mutants showed that 14 are recessive, and thus likely to be loss of function mutants. Seven of these mutants were grouped into three complementation groups (44). The identities of these genes remain to be elucidated. The isolatio ...
... their growth media (120, 122). Complementation analysis between 15 OVE mutants showed that 14 are recessive, and thus likely to be loss of function mutants. Seven of these mutants were grouped into three complementation groups (44). The identities of these genes remain to be elucidated. The isolatio ...
Gene Section AURKB (aurora kinase B) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... serine/threonine phosphatase type 1 (PP1) or type 2A (PP2A) (Sugiyama et al., 2002) regulate Aurora B kinase activation while MKlp2 controls Aurora B localization in anaphase (Gruneberg et al., 2004). Regarding mitotic chromosome condensation, Aurora B directly phosphorylates histone H3, not only at ...
... serine/threonine phosphatase type 1 (PP1) or type 2A (PP2A) (Sugiyama et al., 2002) regulate Aurora B kinase activation while MKlp2 controls Aurora B localization in anaphase (Gruneberg et al., 2004). Regarding mitotic chromosome condensation, Aurora B directly phosphorylates histone H3, not only at ...
RNA Processing Bodies, Peroxisomes, Golgi
... In addition to deploying membrane-bound organelles, the cytoskeleton deploys other kinds, including those related to RNA metabolism. The most familiar of these is the ribosome, but cells contain several types of large RNA–protein complex, collectively termed RNA granules. In animal cells, RNA granul ...
... In addition to deploying membrane-bound organelles, the cytoskeleton deploys other kinds, including those related to RNA metabolism. The most familiar of these is the ribosome, but cells contain several types of large RNA–protein complex, collectively termed RNA granules. In animal cells, RNA granul ...
PDF
... Ludwig & Cornell, 1978) as well as the capacity to bind and transmit proliferative and differentiative stimuli (Alderson & Green, 1975; Pratt et al. 1977) are all radically and specifically altered by modifications in sterol composition. With these observations in mind, it is clear that many of the ...
... Ludwig & Cornell, 1978) as well as the capacity to bind and transmit proliferative and differentiative stimuli (Alderson & Green, 1975; Pratt et al. 1977) are all radically and specifically altered by modifications in sterol composition. With these observations in mind, it is clear that many of the ...
Inhibition of virulence factor expression and swarming differentiation
... The anti-swarming agent p-nitrophenylglycerol (PNPG) has long been used to aid the isolation of small numbers of many different pathogenic bacteria from specimens contaminated with swarming strains of Proteus spp. [15±18]. The conventional anti-swarming agents, such as sodium azide or bile salts, ar ...
... The anti-swarming agent p-nitrophenylglycerol (PNPG) has long been used to aid the isolation of small numbers of many different pathogenic bacteria from specimens contaminated with swarming strains of Proteus spp. [15±18]. The conventional anti-swarming agents, such as sodium azide or bile salts, ar ...
Caveolae as potential macromolecule trafficking
... Fig. 2. (a) A gallery of 19 optical images taken at steps of 0.46 m through a paraffin section of rat lung tissue using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The rat lung tissue was immunostained with anti-caveolin-1 antibody and immunocolloidal gold. The colloidal gold was visually enhanced by ...
... Fig. 2. (a) A gallery of 19 optical images taken at steps of 0.46 m through a paraffin section of rat lung tissue using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The rat lung tissue was immunostained with anti-caveolin-1 antibody and immunocolloidal gold. The colloidal gold was visually enhanced by ...
ABSTRACT SUSTAINED DELIVERY AND PHARMACODYNAMICS OF AN INTEGRIN
... inhibited human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation, caused HUVEC detachment in vitronectin-coated surfaces in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and disrupted endothelial cell tube formation on Matrigel. In addition, EMD478761 induced HUVEC apoptosis on vitronectin via caspase-3 a ...
... inhibited human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation, caused HUVEC detachment in vitronectin-coated surfaces in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and disrupted endothelial cell tube formation on Matrigel. In addition, EMD478761 induced HUVEC apoptosis on vitronectin via caspase-3 a ...
Control of organ shape - Development
... Sweeton et al., 1991). Two signaling molecules are known to regulate this process: folded gastrulation (fog) and concertina (cta). fog encodes a putative secreted molecule that signals via an unknown receptor to cta, which encodes a putative Gα-like ...
... Sweeton et al., 1991). Two signaling molecules are known to regulate this process: folded gastrulation (fog) and concertina (cta). fog encodes a putative secreted molecule that signals via an unknown receptor to cta, which encodes a putative Gα-like ...
Expanded GAA repeats impair FXN gene expression and reposition
... Figure 1. The expanded GAA repeat FXN transgene associates with the NL more frequently in an FXN-GAA-MS2-Luc cell model. (A) Schematic representation of the pBACFXN-MS2-Luc and pBAC-FXN-GAA-MS2-Luc vectors. Each vector carries either six or ∼310 GAA repeats in intron 1, an array of 24 MBS in exon 2 ...
... Figure 1. The expanded GAA repeat FXN transgene associates with the NL more frequently in an FXN-GAA-MS2-Luc cell model. (A) Schematic representation of the pBACFXN-MS2-Luc and pBAC-FXN-GAA-MS2-Luc vectors. Each vector carries either six or ∼310 GAA repeats in intron 1, an array of 24 MBS in exon 2 ...
14-3-3 associates with cell surface aminopeptidase N in the
... (MMPs) represent a group of diverse proteolytic enzymes that are responsible for degradation of ECM and are involved in a variety of biological processes, such as tissue repair and remodeling, embryonic development, bone growth/resorption and tumor metastasis (Butler and Overall, 2009b; Nagase et al ...
... (MMPs) represent a group of diverse proteolytic enzymes that are responsible for degradation of ECM and are involved in a variety of biological processes, such as tissue repair and remodeling, embryonic development, bone growth/resorption and tumor metastasis (Butler and Overall, 2009b; Nagase et al ...
Job Sharing in the Endomembrane System: Vacuolar
... filled with a central vacuole containing mostly water and solutes that allow plants to maximize collection of solar energy and mineral nutrients by increasing the surface of their photosynthesizing and nutrient-absorbing organs at minimal cost. Besides being lowcost space fillers, vacuoles are the mai ...
... filled with a central vacuole containing mostly water and solutes that allow plants to maximize collection of solar energy and mineral nutrients by increasing the surface of their photosynthesizing and nutrient-absorbing organs at minimal cost. Besides being lowcost space fillers, vacuoles are the mai ...
Daughter-Specific Transcription Factors Regulate Cell Size Control
... In budding yeast, asymmetric cell division yields a larger mother and a smaller daughter cell, which transcribe different genes due to the daughter-specific transcription factors Ace2 and Ash1. Cell size control at the Start checkpoint has long been considered to be a main regulator of the length of ...
... In budding yeast, asymmetric cell division yields a larger mother and a smaller daughter cell, which transcribe different genes due to the daughter-specific transcription factors Ace2 and Ash1. Cell size control at the Start checkpoint has long been considered to be a main regulator of the length of ...
SirA enforces diploidy by inhibiting the replication
... of replication A) inhibits new rounds of replication by targeting the replication initiator DnaA. Induction of SirA during vegetative growth rapidly blocks replication initiation and phenocopies cellular depletion of DnaA. Moreover, a strain that does not require DnaA to initiate replication is immu ...
... of replication A) inhibits new rounds of replication by targeting the replication initiator DnaA. Induction of SirA during vegetative growth rapidly blocks replication initiation and phenocopies cellular depletion of DnaA. Moreover, a strain that does not require DnaA to initiate replication is immu ...
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... and the time and location of their assembly. – The protein -tubulin is found in all MTOCs and is critical for microtubule nucleation. ...
... and the time and location of their assembly. – The protein -tubulin is found in all MTOCs and is critical for microtubule nucleation. ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.