The effective nuclear delivery of doxorubicin from dextran
... agents such as doxorubicin (Dox), because their cytotoxic activity depends on its intercalation with DNA and subsequent inhibition of topoisomerase II to block DNA replication inside the nucleus [17]. Therefore, the development of drug delivery platforms with the capacity to translocate drugs to the ...
... agents such as doxorubicin (Dox), because their cytotoxic activity depends on its intercalation with DNA and subsequent inhibition of topoisomerase II to block DNA replication inside the nucleus [17]. Therefore, the development of drug delivery platforms with the capacity to translocate drugs to the ...
The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Department of
... with sialic acid-containing receptors for the virus but with conflicting activities. HA initiates infection by binding sialic acid on its receptor, an event that triggers endocytosis of the virus. In contrast, when the virus buds out, the enzymatic activity of NA cleaves sialic acid from the cellula ...
... with sialic acid-containing receptors for the virus but with conflicting activities. HA initiates infection by binding sialic acid on its receptor, an event that triggers endocytosis of the virus. In contrast, when the virus buds out, the enzymatic activity of NA cleaves sialic acid from the cellula ...
My Life with Dicty
... collect growing Dictyostelium amoebae and initiate synchronous development. For the next 24 hours my attention was totally focused on the developing cells as they aggregated, formed slugs, and culminated into fruiting bodies. I was enamored but did not realize for several years that it would be a li ...
... collect growing Dictyostelium amoebae and initiate synchronous development. For the next 24 hours my attention was totally focused on the developing cells as they aggregated, formed slugs, and culminated into fruiting bodies. I was enamored but did not realize for several years that it would be a li ...
Antisickling Activity and Membrane Stabilizing Effect of
... mutant hemoglobin polymerizes inside the red blood cell into a gel or further into fibers leading to a drastic decrease in the red cell deformability. Polymerization and precipitation of S hemoglobin within the erythrocytes cause the change of the shape of erythrocytes from their normal globular for ...
... mutant hemoglobin polymerizes inside the red blood cell into a gel or further into fibers leading to a drastic decrease in the red cell deformability. Polymerization and precipitation of S hemoglobin within the erythrocytes cause the change of the shape of erythrocytes from their normal globular for ...
A Definitive, Rapid Alternative to the Gram Stain Assay
... The Gram stain assay differentiates bacteria into two groups. Gram positive organisms have high levels of peptidoglycan in their cell walls, which retain the primary crystal violet stain and appear purple. The Gram negative cell wall contains small levels of peptidoglycan but also contains an outer ...
... The Gram stain assay differentiates bacteria into two groups. Gram positive organisms have high levels of peptidoglycan in their cell walls, which retain the primary crystal violet stain and appear purple. The Gram negative cell wall contains small levels of peptidoglycan but also contains an outer ...
Journal of Phycology
... lipids in the chloroplast fraction (Fig. 7b, lane 3). Isochrysis galbana and E. huxleyi cultures produced similar results, but E. huxleyi lipids associated with LB were more difficult to recover after centrifugation, even when cells had notable lipid vesicles (not shown). The GC analysis of cell fra ...
... lipids in the chloroplast fraction (Fig. 7b, lane 3). Isochrysis galbana and E. huxleyi cultures produced similar results, but E. huxleyi lipids associated with LB were more difficult to recover after centrifugation, even when cells had notable lipid vesicles (not shown). The GC analysis of cell fra ...
PDF - International Journal of Biological Sciences
... The neutrophils often circulate through the micro-capillaries with a diameter smaller than their own size [7, 8]. They also migrate and penetrate through various tissues such as endothelial and epithelial tissues [9]. These processes involve the dynamic deformation and recovery over a wide time scal ...
... The neutrophils often circulate through the micro-capillaries with a diameter smaller than their own size [7, 8]. They also migrate and penetrate through various tissues such as endothelial and epithelial tissues [9]. These processes involve the dynamic deformation and recovery over a wide time scal ...
Isolation of AtSUC2 promoter-GFP
... (Asano et al., 2002; Kerk et al., 2003; Nakazono et al., 2003). Differentially expressed genes were identi®ed in vascular tissues from maize and rice phloem tissues composed of functionally different cell types. These microarray studies and EST collections, however, lacked expression pro®les for the ...
... (Asano et al., 2002; Kerk et al., 2003; Nakazono et al., 2003). Differentially expressed genes were identi®ed in vascular tissues from maize and rice phloem tissues composed of functionally different cell types. These microarray studies and EST collections, however, lacked expression pro®les for the ...
Hierarchies of plant stiffness
... shape by the pattern of branching [3,8]. However, in a small herbaceous annual such as Arabidopsis, these factors are less important, and have not been studied. For some background on stiffness at the whole plant level, we refer you to [8–12]. 2.2. Organ level As primary load-bearing structures for ...
... shape by the pattern of branching [3,8]. However, in a small herbaceous annual such as Arabidopsis, these factors are less important, and have not been studied. For some background on stiffness at the whole plant level, we refer you to [8–12]. 2.2. Organ level As primary load-bearing structures for ...
... activation, as it is now well established that PD-1 is upregulated on activated T cells, B cells, and monocytes [3–5]. The mechanism of PD-1 expression is not yet well explored, but two different transcription factors, NFATc1 and T-bet, have been implicated as positive and negative regulators of PD1 ...
Resident in Normal Skin T Cells Are + The Vast Majority of CLA
... 5 min at room temperature to lyse RBC. ...
... 5 min at room temperature to lyse RBC. ...
FasL gene knock-down therapy enhances the
... tumors to evade the immune system. Gliomas, like many other solid tumors, express components of numerous immune escape mechanisms, including immunosuppressive proteins such as TGF-b, IL-10, and FasL. Here, we show that FasL expression can support the growth of experimental intracranial glioma. We sh ...
... tumors to evade the immune system. Gliomas, like many other solid tumors, express components of numerous immune escape mechanisms, including immunosuppressive proteins such as TGF-b, IL-10, and FasL. Here, we show that FasL expression can support the growth of experimental intracranial glioma. We sh ...
Determination and Formation of the Basic Body Pattern in Embryo of
... Miya (1950, 1952) carried out several experiments on the differentiation of primordial germ cells and the gonad formation using the similar technique and made clear the predetermination of germinal region and the relation between the segmental genital ridges and the primordial germ cells. From these ...
... Miya (1950, 1952) carried out several experiments on the differentiation of primordial germ cells and the gonad formation using the similar technique and made clear the predetermination of germinal region and the relation between the segmental genital ridges and the primordial germ cells. From these ...
Regeneration in Vertebrates
... the organ. The most complex type of regeneration, however, is seen in limb and eye regeneration (especially in amphibia) in which cells at the damaged or amputated site dedifferentiate and transdifferentiate, but they are also able to build back an exact replica of the lost part. This type involves ...
... the organ. The most complex type of regeneration, however, is seen in limb and eye regeneration (especially in amphibia) in which cells at the damaged or amputated site dedifferentiate and transdifferentiate, but they are also able to build back an exact replica of the lost part. This type involves ...
The unique proline-rich domain of parotid proline
... Thus the sorting machinery may be more diverse than originally anticipated. Several efforts have been made to identify structural determinants within secretory proteins that may function in sorting. Among endocrine and exocrine proteins, structural regions have been identified that are either necess ...
... Thus the sorting machinery may be more diverse than originally anticipated. Several efforts have been made to identify structural determinants within secretory proteins that may function in sorting. Among endocrine and exocrine proteins, structural regions have been identified that are either necess ...
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Pancreatic Carcinoma
... that the type I receptors ALK1, ALK2, and ALK5 have distinct and sometimes opposing functions: Whereas, for example, the principal ALK5 receptor mediates EMT, ALK1 can counteract this effect [17]. Moreover, the TGF signal can be relayed in a non-canonical, i.e., SMAD-independent pathway, which may ...
... that the type I receptors ALK1, ALK2, and ALK5 have distinct and sometimes opposing functions: Whereas, for example, the principal ALK5 receptor mediates EMT, ALK1 can counteract this effect [17]. Moreover, the TGF signal can be relayed in a non-canonical, i.e., SMAD-independent pathway, which may ...
Animal phylogeny in the light of the trochaea theory
... junctions (see Unwin & Zampighi, 1980) have not been observed (Mackie & Singla, 1983). An extracellular matrix contains collagenous fibres, but a basal lamina is lacking (Garrone, 1978). The extracellular vane of the cilia (flagella) which is well known in the choanoflagellates and in the freshwater ...
... junctions (see Unwin & Zampighi, 1980) have not been observed (Mackie & Singla, 1983). An extracellular matrix contains collagenous fibres, but a basal lamina is lacking (Garrone, 1978). The extracellular vane of the cilia (flagella) which is well known in the choanoflagellates and in the freshwater ...
Unicellular Organisms
... • A spherical colony of ciliates may include up to 50,000 cells • Contain chloroplasts •Move and act as one multi-cellular organism •Can survive independent of the colony ...
... • A spherical colony of ciliates may include up to 50,000 cells • Contain chloroplasts •Move and act as one multi-cellular organism •Can survive independent of the colony ...
The Spatial Pattern of Cochlear Amplification
... about by an interplay between longitudinal fluid coupling and local displacement of the cochlear partition, whose stiffness and mass are graded (Lighthill, 1981). In a normal ear, an active process in outer hair cells amplifies and sharpens the traveling wave, thereby fostering the remarkable freque ...
... about by an interplay between longitudinal fluid coupling and local displacement of the cochlear partition, whose stiffness and mass are graded (Lighthill, 1981). In a normal ear, an active process in outer hair cells amplifies and sharpens the traveling wave, thereby fostering the remarkable freque ...
DEVELOPMENT OF MESODERM,
... The center fills with chondroblasts as the top and bottom edges continue to differentiate. Stem cells remain on the edges Chondroblasts remain in the center and produce cartilage matrix. Stem cells at the edges produce fibroblasts and make the fibrous ...
... The center fills with chondroblasts as the top and bottom edges continue to differentiate. Stem cells remain on the edges Chondroblasts remain in the center and produce cartilage matrix. Stem cells at the edges produce fibroblasts and make the fibrous ...
151 Compact cell image projector
... contraction amplitude of isolated rat ventricular myocytes. Peak cell shortening amplitude was recorded during electric stimulation at the average rate of 0.5 Hz with different stimulatory patterns: regular and pseudo-random rhythms, as well as double pulse stimulation. Cells were perfused at 23 ºC ...
... contraction amplitude of isolated rat ventricular myocytes. Peak cell shortening amplitude was recorded during electric stimulation at the average rate of 0.5 Hz with different stimulatory patterns: regular and pseudo-random rhythms, as well as double pulse stimulation. Cells were perfused at 23 ºC ...
... plasma membrane [28, 30]. By using a monoclonal antibody against respiratory mucin, we detected the presence of secreted mucin at the tips of microvilli, and along cilia, as well as in a matrix-like material which surrounded aggregated P. aeruginosa associated with human epithelial respiratory cells ...
Cell culture
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.