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... essential for Notch activation and cell proliferation during early growth phases (Cho and Choi, 1998; Domínguez and de Celis, 1998; Papayannopoulos et al., 1998). The embryonic and first instar eye is composed of entirely ventral-fated tissue (Chern and Choi, 2002; Singh and Choi, 2003; Singh et al. ...
... essential for Notch activation and cell proliferation during early growth phases (Cho and Choi, 1998; Domínguez and de Celis, 1998; Papayannopoulos et al., 1998). The embryonic and first instar eye is composed of entirely ventral-fated tissue (Chern and Choi, 2002; Singh and Choi, 2003; Singh et al. ...
Cell size trade-offs govern light exploitation strategies in
... where M is the metabolic rate, a is the size-normalized metabolic rate, which varies among taxonomic groups (Irwin et al., 2006; Raven et al., 2006), E is the activation energy for metabolism, k is the Boltzmann’s constant (8.62 eV K-1), T is temperature and b is the size scaling exponent, measured ...
... where M is the metabolic rate, a is the size-normalized metabolic rate, which varies among taxonomic groups (Irwin et al., 2006; Raven et al., 2006), E is the activation energy for metabolism, k is the Boltzmann’s constant (8.62 eV K-1), T is temperature and b is the size scaling exponent, measured ...
Unit 2 Cells and Tissues Part 2 notes
... and blood vessels; portions of kidney tubules (thin sections of nephron loops); inner lining of cornea; alveoli (air sacs) of lungs ...
... and blood vessels; portions of kidney tubules (thin sections of nephron loops); inner lining of cornea; alveoli (air sacs) of lungs ...
Antiangiogenic Effect of Ficus deltoidea Jack Standardised Leaf
... (MDA-MB-231) cells. In order to illustrate the antiangiogenic potential of FD in vivo, the extracts were tested on chick CAMs as an in vivo angiogenesis model [20]. The results showed that FD extracts significantly inhibited the new blood vessels formation and distorted the existing vasculature. Thi ...
... (MDA-MB-231) cells. In order to illustrate the antiangiogenic potential of FD in vivo, the extracts were tested on chick CAMs as an in vivo angiogenesis model [20]. The results showed that FD extracts significantly inhibited the new blood vessels formation and distorted the existing vasculature. Thi ...
Establishment of Polarity during Organization of the Acentrosomal
... EB1a-GFP and EB1b-GFP appeared in a cometlike pattern (1.01 ⫾ 0.11 m for EB1a; 1.11 ⫾ 0.18 m for EB1b; n ⫽ 50; Figure 1, A and B, and Supplementary Movie 2), whereas EB1c-GFP is nuclear (Figure 1C). The cometlike character, with the bright side leading has been shown to be diagnostic of (⫹)-end gr ...
... EB1a-GFP and EB1b-GFP appeared in a cometlike pattern (1.01 ⫾ 0.11 m for EB1a; 1.11 ⫾ 0.18 m for EB1b; n ⫽ 50; Figure 1, A and B, and Supplementary Movie 2), whereas EB1c-GFP is nuclear (Figure 1C). The cometlike character, with the bright side leading has been shown to be diagnostic of (⫹)-end gr ...
Sierra College Bio 6 Human Physiology Lecture Outline
... outside the organ or tissue through a reflex or it could be controlled completely within the organ/tissue where the change occurs. i. Extrinsic control - from outside the organ/tissues 1. Accomplished by the nervous and endocrine systems. This is also called reflex control. 2. It involves several sy ...
... outside the organ or tissue through a reflex or it could be controlled completely within the organ/tissue where the change occurs. i. Extrinsic control - from outside the organ/tissues 1. Accomplished by the nervous and endocrine systems. This is also called reflex control. 2. It involves several sy ...
Structural requirements of KTS-disintegrins for inhibition of α1β1
... A synthetic gene for obtustatin was designed based on the 41amino-acid sequence of obtustatin [23] and optimal codons for Escherichia coli expression, and was commercially synthesized by Genscript. The obtustatin gene was PCR-amplified and ligated into the pGex-4-T1 vector for expression as a thromb ...
... A synthetic gene for obtustatin was designed based on the 41amino-acid sequence of obtustatin [23] and optimal codons for Escherichia coli expression, and was commercially synthesized by Genscript. The obtustatin gene was PCR-amplified and ligated into the pGex-4-T1 vector for expression as a thromb ...
Nucleolar localization of an isoform of the IGF
... To test the role of IGF-I domains in the nuclear and nucleolar localization, chimeras were constructed that deleted part of exon 3 encoding the B and C domains (2-G-4-5 and 1-G-4-5). The clear nuclear and nucleolar localization remained when the 2-G-4-5 construction was overexpressed (Fig. 5A). Howe ...
... To test the role of IGF-I domains in the nuclear and nucleolar localization, chimeras were constructed that deleted part of exon 3 encoding the B and C domains (2-G-4-5 and 1-G-4-5). The clear nuclear and nucleolar localization remained when the 2-G-4-5 construction was overexpressed (Fig. 5A). Howe ...
Microtubule Associated Protein 1b (MAP1B) Is a Marker of the
... There are two classical Map families: The MAP1 family (MAP1A, MAP1B and MAP1S) and the MAP2/TAU family (MAP2, MAP4 and MAPT/TAU). MAP4 has been shown to be expressed in podocytes [8] and MAPT and MAP2 seem to be expressed in podocytes as well [9, 10]. MAP1A, MAP1B, and MAP1S to our knowledge have no ...
... There are two classical Map families: The MAP1 family (MAP1A, MAP1B and MAP1S) and the MAP2/TAU family (MAP2, MAP4 and MAPT/TAU). MAP4 has been shown to be expressed in podocytes [8] and MAPT and MAP2 seem to be expressed in podocytes as well [9, 10]. MAP1A, MAP1B, and MAP1S to our knowledge have no ...
441_2009_904_MOESM1_ESM - Springer Static Content Server
... Identification of immunohistochemical fingerprints (IFs). IFs were established in two morphologically distinct populations of cells. The first population included cells without thick dendritic tuft (PG- and SA-like cells), the second population included cells with a thick dendritic tuft (ET-like cel ...
... Identification of immunohistochemical fingerprints (IFs). IFs were established in two morphologically distinct populations of cells. The first population included cells without thick dendritic tuft (PG- and SA-like cells), the second population included cells with a thick dendritic tuft (ET-like cel ...
The cell walls of streptococci
... The methods developed by Salton (1953)made possible the study of the cell-wall composition as a relatively simple procedure and recent work by others has suggested that cell-wall composition may be of use in classifying streptococci (Roberts & Stewart, 1961 ; Slade & Slamp, 1962). As part of a gener ...
... The methods developed by Salton (1953)made possible the study of the cell-wall composition as a relatively simple procedure and recent work by others has suggested that cell-wall composition may be of use in classifying streptococci (Roberts & Stewart, 1961 ; Slade & Slamp, 1962). As part of a gener ...
The Mitotic Arrest in Response to Hypoxia and of Polar Bodies
... Mps11 mutants lacking both maternal and zygotic function. Forty-five percent of these mutants still developed up to the pupal stages, suggesting that cell proliferation can proceed substantially in the absence of Mps1 function. In contrast, embryonic lethality was found to result from a mutation in ...
... Mps11 mutants lacking both maternal and zygotic function. Forty-five percent of these mutants still developed up to the pupal stages, suggesting that cell proliferation can proceed substantially in the absence of Mps1 function. In contrast, embryonic lethality was found to result from a mutation in ...
Asymmetric cell division and axis formation in the embryo
... Asymmetric divisions are crucial for generating diversity during development because they yield daughter cells that differ in fate. In C. elegans embryos, five asymmetric divisions produce six founder cells: AB, MS, E, C, D and P4 (Figure 1; see also Movie 1 and Movie 2). The first asymmetric divisi ...
... Asymmetric divisions are crucial for generating diversity during development because they yield daughter cells that differ in fate. In C. elegans embryos, five asymmetric divisions produce six founder cells: AB, MS, E, C, D and P4 (Figure 1; see also Movie 1 and Movie 2). The first asymmetric divisi ...
Neuronal body size correlates with the number of nucleoli
... presentation. All images presented within each figure were identically adjusted for contrast, brightness, and dynamic resolution. The quantitative analysis of the number of nucleoli and CBs, as well as that of the nuclear distribution of CBs, was performed in squash preparations, double immunolabele ...
... presentation. All images presented within each figure were identically adjusted for contrast, brightness, and dynamic resolution. The quantitative analysis of the number of nucleoli and CBs, as well as that of the nuclear distribution of CBs, was performed in squash preparations, double immunolabele ...
The cell biology of bone metabolism
... Considerable progress has been made in identifying morphogens, signalling pathways and transcriptional regulators mediating differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoprogenitors (fig 3). During skeletal development osteoblast differentiation and deposition of bone matrix occurs, and involv ...
... Considerable progress has been made in identifying morphogens, signalling pathways and transcriptional regulators mediating differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoprogenitors (fig 3). During skeletal development osteoblast differentiation and deposition of bone matrix occurs, and involv ...
Sulfated polysaccharides from marine sponges
... is mediated by membrane-associated molecules, named “aggregation factors.” This aggregation is dependent on divalent cations (Humphreys 1963). The first chemical characterization of the aggregation factors showed that these molecules contain different proportions of protein and carbohydrate. The pro ...
... is mediated by membrane-associated molecules, named “aggregation factors.” This aggregation is dependent on divalent cations (Humphreys 1963). The first chemical characterization of the aggregation factors showed that these molecules contain different proportions of protein and carbohydrate. The pro ...
Monitoring metabolic responses to chemotherapy initiator mass spectrometry (NIMS) imaging
... micro-dissection/extraction methods, adding a new dimension for tracking both substrates and metabolic products [19-21]. NIMS can also be used to measure metabolites in single cells [15], raising the possibility that this method might be useful for characterizing tumor drug responses with high resol ...
... micro-dissection/extraction methods, adding a new dimension for tracking both substrates and metabolic products [19-21]. NIMS can also be used to measure metabolites in single cells [15], raising the possibility that this method might be useful for characterizing tumor drug responses with high resol ...
DNA Polymerase Regulates Cisplatin
... platinated by treatment with cisplatin before transfection. By comparing luciferase expression in the uninjured 9N58 and 6I cells it is possible to assess what fraction of host cell luciferase expression is due to specifically polymerase -mediated adduct bypass as opposed to translesional synthesis ...
... platinated by treatment with cisplatin before transfection. By comparing luciferase expression in the uninjured 9N58 and 6I cells it is possible to assess what fraction of host cell luciferase expression is due to specifically polymerase -mediated adduct bypass as opposed to translesional synthesis ...
Roles of hepatic stellate cells in liver inflammation: a new perspective
... (VCAM-1)), and Sele (E-selectin). Decreased expression of these genes may have ameliorated hepatocyte damage, sinusoidal leukocyte accumulation, and hemostasis in ConA- and BW245C-treated mice. In addition, our study also indicates that HSCs control CD4+ T cell trafficking to liver parenchyma. While ...
... (VCAM-1)), and Sele (E-selectin). Decreased expression of these genes may have ameliorated hepatocyte damage, sinusoidal leukocyte accumulation, and hemostasis in ConA- and BW245C-treated mice. In addition, our study also indicates that HSCs control CD4+ T cell trafficking to liver parenchyma. While ...
Global microRNA depletion suppresses tumor angiogenesis Please share
... Dicer1 / NSCLC cells showing global differential expression between two genotypes. The X-axis is the log2 fold change of Dicer1 knockout over heterozygotes, and the Y-axis is the statistical significance ( log10 P-value). Genes significantly upregulated are shown as red dots. Genes significantly dow ...
... Dicer1 / NSCLC cells showing global differential expression between two genotypes. The X-axis is the log2 fold change of Dicer1 knockout over heterozygotes, and the Y-axis is the statistical significance ( log10 P-value). Genes significantly upregulated are shown as red dots. Genes significantly dow ...
Membrane Bistability in Olfactory Bulb Mitral Cells
... remain unclear. The present study therefore further investigated the membrane properties of mitral cells. The results show that mitral cells are bistable, maintaining two levels of membrane potential with different responsiveness to ON input. Active properties of the mitral cell membrane, operating ...
... remain unclear. The present study therefore further investigated the membrane properties of mitral cells. The results show that mitral cells are bistable, maintaining two levels of membrane potential with different responsiveness to ON input. Active properties of the mitral cell membrane, operating ...
Pectin methylesterases: cell wall enzymes with important roles in
... show that PMEs can be analysed at the tissue level using new methods such as microanalysis on 25-µm cryosections6,7 or a gel diffusion assay8,9. These studies have also shown the importance of the acidic PMEs in plant physiology6,9. Acidic PMEs are barely detectable among proteins extracted from iso ...
... show that PMEs can be analysed at the tissue level using new methods such as microanalysis on 25-µm cryosections6,7 or a gel diffusion assay8,9. These studies have also shown the importance of the acidic PMEs in plant physiology6,9. Acidic PMEs are barely detectable among proteins extracted from iso ...
lee
... ATP-stimulated CFTR in their apical membranes in large amounts (17). Thus these cells formed functional tight junctions, were well polarized and physiologically responsive, and had CFTR in their apical membranes (17, 31). The cells were maintained in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (Sigma, St. Lo ...
... ATP-stimulated CFTR in their apical membranes in large amounts (17). Thus these cells formed functional tight junctions, were well polarized and physiologically responsive, and had CFTR in their apical membranes (17, 31). The cells were maintained in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (Sigma, St. Lo ...
Supplemental Results
... synthesis through a mechanism that does not involve open complex stability. Complementary charge reversal substitutions that partially restore the interaction between the 70 NCR and the ' SNCRID Our screen for ' substitutions that suppressed the defect in early elongation pausing caused by 70 su ...
... synthesis through a mechanism that does not involve open complex stability. Complementary charge reversal substitutions that partially restore the interaction between the 70 NCR and the ' SNCRID Our screen for ' substitutions that suppressed the defect in early elongation pausing caused by 70 su ...
Cell culture
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cell_Culture_in_a_tiny_Petri_dish.jpg?width=300)
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.