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Live Cell Imaging Reveals Structural Associations
... In eukaryotic cells, the actin and microtubule (MT) cytoskeletal networks are dynamic structures that organize intracellular processes and facilitate their rapid reorganization. In plant cells, actin filaments (AFs) and MTs are essential for cell growth and morphogenesis. However, dynamic interactio ...
... In eukaryotic cells, the actin and microtubule (MT) cytoskeletal networks are dynamic structures that organize intracellular processes and facilitate their rapid reorganization. In plant cells, actin filaments (AFs) and MTs are essential for cell growth and morphogenesis. However, dynamic interactio ...
Quantifying the range of a lipid phosphate signal in vivo
... Present address: School of Life Sciences, Nottingham University, Queen’s Medical Centre, Clifton Boulevard, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK ...
... Present address: School of Life Sciences, Nottingham University, Queen’s Medical Centre, Clifton Boulevard, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK ...
cells
... – All organisms are made of cells – The cell is the basic unit of organization for all organisms • Cell = simplest collection of matter that can live – All cells come from pre-existing cells ...
... – All organisms are made of cells – The cell is the basic unit of organization for all organisms • Cell = simplest collection of matter that can live – All cells come from pre-existing cells ...
Control of cell pattern in the neural tube: regulation of cell
... To examine the expression of &l-l during neural development, we localized its messenger RNA (mRNA) in developing chick embryos by in situ hybridization. dsl-1 mRNA was not expressed by cells in the neural plate (Figures 4A and 48) and first appeared at the time of closure of the neural tube. At this ...
... To examine the expression of &l-l during neural development, we localized its messenger RNA (mRNA) in developing chick embryos by in situ hybridization. dsl-1 mRNA was not expressed by cells in the neural plate (Figures 4A and 48) and first appeared at the time of closure of the neural tube. At this ...
ABSTRACT SUSTAINED DELIVERY AND PHARMACODYNAMICS OF AN INTEGRIN
... therapies. Development of novel therapeutic agents provides effective treatment for ocular disorders. However, treatment of many posterior segment diseases like agerelated macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DRP) is far from satisfactory due to the limited availability of novel ther ...
... therapies. Development of novel therapeutic agents provides effective treatment for ocular disorders. However, treatment of many posterior segment diseases like agerelated macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DRP) is far from satisfactory due to the limited availability of novel ther ...
Organization of the Sea Urchin Egg Endoplasmic Reticulum and Its
... results in a rearrangement of the subcortical ER near the animal pole (Campanella et al., 1988) . Using the DiI-oil drop injection technique, we have now made continuous observations of the rearrangements of the ER in the living sea urchin egg during fertilization . We find that within the first 20 ...
... results in a rearrangement of the subcortical ER near the animal pole (Campanella et al., 1988) . Using the DiI-oil drop injection technique, we have now made continuous observations of the rearrangements of the ER in the living sea urchin egg during fertilization . We find that within the first 20 ...
Role of Integration Host Factor in the Transcriptional Activation of
... defect by inoculating the sucrose-resistant, kanamycin-sensitive colonies into semisolid motility agar. When grown in motility agar, strains in which motility defects are evident produce a halo of growth or swarm that is noticeably smaller in diameter than that produced by the wild-type strain. Surp ...
... defect by inoculating the sucrose-resistant, kanamycin-sensitive colonies into semisolid motility agar. When grown in motility agar, strains in which motility defects are evident produce a halo of growth or swarm that is noticeably smaller in diameter than that produced by the wild-type strain. Surp ...
THE ROLE OF FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR (FGF) AND TYPE
... tissue60 and the neural structures beneath. Pritchard et al61 stated that a difference exists in the development of facial and cranial sutures. Persson and Roy62 offered a biomechanical explanation for the morphogenesis of facial sutures, where dura mater does not exist. Based on the sutural develop ...
... tissue60 and the neural structures beneath. Pritchard et al61 stated that a difference exists in the development of facial and cranial sutures. Persson and Roy62 offered a biomechanical explanation for the morphogenesis of facial sutures, where dura mater does not exist. Based on the sutural develop ...
Spatial and temporal regulation of DNA
... degraded into sugars and other small molecules which can be readily taken up by the embryo. In this way, both scutellum and aleurone provide the machinery to obtain the required nutrients for the embryo. This process is controlled in time in such a way that the young plant can reach the stage of sel ...
... degraded into sugars and other small molecules which can be readily taken up by the embryo. In this way, both scutellum and aleurone provide the machinery to obtain the required nutrients for the embryo. This process is controlled in time in such a way that the young plant can reach the stage of sel ...
Requirement for ß-Catenin in Anterior
... The anterior-posterior axis of the mouse embryo becomes explicit morphologically at embryonic day (E)1 6.5, when the first mesoderm forms in the primitive streak region at the posterior side of the embryo. However, recent experiments show that anterior-posterior polarity is established at least 1 d ...
... The anterior-posterior axis of the mouse embryo becomes explicit morphologically at embryonic day (E)1 6.5, when the first mesoderm forms in the primitive streak region at the posterior side of the embryo. However, recent experiments show that anterior-posterior polarity is established at least 1 d ...
Defects in mesoderm, neural tube and vascular development in
... analyses of FNs and their effects on cells in vitro clearly indicate important functions for these proteins in affecting cell behavior. Since expression of FN is widespread in embryos and in adult tissues and is altered in physiological and pathological processes including cancer, hemostasis and thr ...
... analyses of FNs and their effects on cells in vitro clearly indicate important functions for these proteins in affecting cell behavior. Since expression of FN is widespread in embryos and in adult tissues and is altered in physiological and pathological processes including cancer, hemostasis and thr ...
The origin of early primitive streak - Development
... detected as the main route for generating the HH stage 3 primitive streak. These results suggest that the majority of precursor cells giving rise to the HH stage 3 primitive streak are already localized in the posterior-midline region of stages XI-XII embryos. Developmental process of HH stage 3 pri ...
... detected as the main route for generating the HH stage 3 primitive streak. These results suggest that the majority of precursor cells giving rise to the HH stage 3 primitive streak are already localized in the posterior-midline region of stages XI-XII embryos. Developmental process of HH stage 3 pri ...
Regulative germ cell specification in axolotl embryos: a primitive trait
... urodele embryos PGCs do not develop from predetermined cells. Rather, urodele PGCs appear to develop from unspecialized mesodermal tissue that has responded to appropriate extracellular influences. Therefore the embryos of urodele and anuran amphibians have diverged in the way that they produce PGCs ...
... urodele embryos PGCs do not develop from predetermined cells. Rather, urodele PGCs appear to develop from unspecialized mesodermal tissue that has responded to appropriate extracellular influences. Therefore the embryos of urodele and anuran amphibians have diverged in the way that they produce PGCs ...
Xenopus laevis Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1
... critical role in the regulation of trafficking and transendothelial migration of leukocytes and in the control of proliferation and differentiation of several cell types, including hematopoietic and neural cells (7, 18). Transmembrane signaling of SDF-1 is mediated by CXCR4 (19, 20), a heterotrimeri ...
... critical role in the regulation of trafficking and transendothelial migration of leukocytes and in the control of proliferation and differentiation of several cell types, including hematopoietic and neural cells (7, 18). Transmembrane signaling of SDF-1 is mediated by CXCR4 (19, 20), a heterotrimeri ...
Regulation of plasmodesmal transport by phosphorylation of
... utilized in vivo. Thus, we analyzed transgenic plants that express MP mutants in which one phosphorylation site residue was left intact while the other two were substituted with non-phosphorylatable alanine residues. Speci®cally, mutants sb-10, sb-11 and sb-12 retained Ser258, Thr261 and Ser265 resi ...
... utilized in vivo. Thus, we analyzed transgenic plants that express MP mutants in which one phosphorylation site residue was left intact while the other two were substituted with non-phosphorylatable alanine residues. Speci®cally, mutants sb-10, sb-11 and sb-12 retained Ser258, Thr261 and Ser265 resi ...
Dynamics of Lipid Transfer by Phosphatidylinositol Transfer Proteins
... implicated in essential cellular processes, but the activity of none has been demonstrated in intact cells. Among these, phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins (PITP) are of particular interest as they can bind to and transfer phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) – the precursor of important signalling mol ...
... implicated in essential cellular processes, but the activity of none has been demonstrated in intact cells. Among these, phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins (PITP) are of particular interest as they can bind to and transfer phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) – the precursor of important signalling mol ...
PDF - BMC Biotechnology
... by CCUG was even more impressive. The sugar uptake was doubled, while the ethanol production almost tripled (Figure 2A). As shown in Figure 2, YE addition affected all of the measured fermentation characteristics to similar extent. Increased ethanol production is partially attributable to the increa ...
... by CCUG was even more impressive. The sugar uptake was doubled, while the ethanol production almost tripled (Figure 2A). As shown in Figure 2, YE addition affected all of the measured fermentation characteristics to similar extent. Increased ethanol production is partially attributable to the increa ...
Mass transfer –limited bacterial growth
... determined as optical density (OD) at 578 nm. Dissolution of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, or 2 g L-1 are reflected in mass transfer limited linear growth, whereas 30 g L-1 allow for exponential growth. SEM shows that growth can occur not only in the suspension but also on the crystal surface, where a biofilm d ...
... determined as optical density (OD) at 578 nm. Dissolution of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, or 2 g L-1 are reflected in mass transfer limited linear growth, whereas 30 g L-1 allow for exponential growth. SEM shows that growth can occur not only in the suspension but also on the crystal surface, where a biofilm d ...
Standard PDF - Wiley Online Library
... photon energy. The inhomogeneity inherent to most biological specimen, and in particular, to the internal structure of various cells, leads to high quality SHG images without any preconditioning such as labelling or staining that might induce undesirable effects in the living cell (Reshak, 2009). Hi ...
... photon energy. The inhomogeneity inherent to most biological specimen, and in particular, to the internal structure of various cells, leads to high quality SHG images without any preconditioning such as labelling or staining that might induce undesirable effects in the living cell (Reshak, 2009). Hi ...
antoniadi_et_al._2015.
... is strongest in the procambium and quiescent center (QC), respectively (Kuroha et al., 2009), whereas root expression of CYP735A2 is predominantly in the vasculature (Kiba et al., 2013). Analysis of GUS patterns reveals that CKX4 is expressed in guard cells and root cap, CKX5 in axillary buds, and C ...
... is strongest in the procambium and quiescent center (QC), respectively (Kuroha et al., 2009), whereas root expression of CYP735A2 is predominantly in the vasculature (Kiba et al., 2013). Analysis of GUS patterns reveals that CKX4 is expressed in guard cells and root cap, CKX5 in axillary buds, and C ...
Biochemical bases of appearance and texture changes in fresh
... have not been extensively studied. However, the value of exploring what is known within fresh-cut products, and melding that knowledge with the current understanding in whole tissue systems, is that it will shed some light on the major issues. Also it is hoped that it may stimulate new research acti ...
... have not been extensively studied. However, the value of exploring what is known within fresh-cut products, and melding that knowledge with the current understanding in whole tissue systems, is that it will shed some light on the major issues. Also it is hoped that it may stimulate new research acti ...
Movement and Remodeling of the Endoplasmic
... mitochondria movement (Sparkes et al., 2008). Proposed explanations for these effects include competition for myosin effectors and cargo binding sites; however, since little is known about the latter, the formal proof for the mode of action of plant myosin tail domains remains elusive (Sparkes et al ...
... mitochondria movement (Sparkes et al., 2008). Proposed explanations for these effects include competition for myosin effectors and cargo binding sites; however, since little is known about the latter, the formal proof for the mode of action of plant myosin tail domains remains elusive (Sparkes et al ...
Firing Properties of Hippocampal Neurons in a Visually Symmetrical
... the manner in which multiple cuesare utilized. From previous manner in which sensoryfactors and mnemonic factors deterstudiesshowingthe existenceof placefields under impoverished mine a cell’s firing patterns. In this study, however, instead of conditions, one outcome that might have been expectedis ...
... the manner in which multiple cuesare utilized. From previous manner in which sensoryfactors and mnemonic factors deterstudiesshowingthe existenceof placefields under impoverished mine a cell’s firing patterns. In this study, however, instead of conditions, one outcome that might have been expectedis ...
Isolation and characterization of acid
... Besides the Hþ-ATPase there are also other enzymes that may contribute to pH homeostasis of lactic acid bacteria such as glutamate decarboxylase and arginine deiminase. It was demonstrated that in Lactobacillus ssp. glutamate decarboxylase catalyze the decarboxylation of glutamate, resulting in the ...
... Besides the Hþ-ATPase there are also other enzymes that may contribute to pH homeostasis of lactic acid bacteria such as glutamate decarboxylase and arginine deiminase. It was demonstrated that in Lactobacillus ssp. glutamate decarboxylase catalyze the decarboxylation of glutamate, resulting in the ...
Cell culture
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cell_Culture_in_a_tiny_Petri_dish.jpg?width=300)
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.