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The influence of chronic stress on T cell immunity
... invading pathogens like disease-causing bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites. The immune system is not operating autonomously but influences and is influenced by the central nervous system (CNS) through a complex, interacting network of nerves, hormones, and neuropeptides. This interaction is thou ...
... invading pathogens like disease-causing bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites. The immune system is not operating autonomously but influences and is influenced by the central nervous system (CNS) through a complex, interacting network of nerves, hormones, and neuropeptides. This interaction is thou ...
CD133 CXCR4 colon cancer cells exhibit metastatic potential and predict poor prognosis
... The comparison of the incidence of tumor/metastasis formation by in vivo mouse models was performed with Fisher’s exact test. For analyzing the association between CD133+CXCR4+ cell content and various clinical factors, the ‘age’ as a continuous variable was expressed as mean (SD) and comparison bet ...
... The comparison of the incidence of tumor/metastasis formation by in vivo mouse models was performed with Fisher’s exact test. For analyzing the association between CD133+CXCR4+ cell content and various clinical factors, the ‘age’ as a continuous variable was expressed as mean (SD) and comparison bet ...
Cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cell polarity and bacterial flagellin
... Several reports have emphasized the important role of P. aeruginosa flagella during infection, including their role in motility, adherence and activation of host inflammation. Flagella appear to mediate cell adherence and colonization for a large number of pathogens (McSweegan and Walker, 1986; Eato ...
... Several reports have emphasized the important role of P. aeruginosa flagella during infection, including their role in motility, adherence and activation of host inflammation. Flagella appear to mediate cell adherence and colonization for a large number of pathogens (McSweegan and Walker, 1986; Eato ...
1. (a) cells if more than one box is ticked, award no mark 1 (b) tail 1
... blood flowing around the body’ ‘you would die’ is insufficient ...
... blood flowing around the body’ ‘you would die’ is insufficient ...
PHAGOLYSOSOME FORMATION IN NORMAL AND
... colchicine-treated groups were harvested 20, 40, 60, and 120 min after addition of particles. Additional experiments were carried out at 4°C to evaluate the contribution of nonspecific adherence to measured uptake . Monolayers were harvested by rinsing five times with warm PBS and the cell layers di ...
... colchicine-treated groups were harvested 20, 40, 60, and 120 min after addition of particles. Additional experiments were carried out at 4°C to evaluate the contribution of nonspecific adherence to measured uptake . Monolayers were harvested by rinsing five times with warm PBS and the cell layers di ...
Slam and germ cell migration - Development
... Fig. 1. slamwaldo mutants have a strong and penetrant germ cell migration phenotype. Anterior is towards the left in all panels. (A,B,D,E) Lateral views. (C,F) Dorsal views. (A-C) Wild-type embryos. (D-F) slamwaldo embryos. All embryos are labeled with αVasa to mark germ cells in brown. Embryos in A ...
... Fig. 1. slamwaldo mutants have a strong and penetrant germ cell migration phenotype. Anterior is towards the left in all panels. (A,B,D,E) Lateral views. (C,F) Dorsal views. (A-C) Wild-type embryos. (D-F) slamwaldo embryos. All embryos are labeled with αVasa to mark germ cells in brown. Embryos in A ...
Human pancreas development - The Company of Biologists
... 8 weeks of development prior to the fetal period. Counting somite pairs by light microscopy becomes more difficult after CS11. AIP, anterior intestinal portal. *The estimation of mouse development relates broadly to the Carnegie stage, not the key event in human pancreas development. ...
... 8 weeks of development prior to the fetal period. Counting somite pairs by light microscopy becomes more difficult after CS11. AIP, anterior intestinal portal. *The estimation of mouse development relates broadly to the Carnegie stage, not the key event in human pancreas development. ...
ARVO 2015 Annual Meeting Abstracts 164 Cornea endothelium
... this study was to evaluate the ability of a synthetic glucorticoïd, dexamethasone (Dex), to block EndMT of cultured HCEC. Methods: HCEC (n=4 populations, passage 2) with a mixed phenotype were passaged and grown in a proliferation medium containing Dex (1 mM). The medium was changed for a maturation ...
... this study was to evaluate the ability of a synthetic glucorticoïd, dexamethasone (Dex), to block EndMT of cultured HCEC. Methods: HCEC (n=4 populations, passage 2) with a mixed phenotype were passaged and grown in a proliferation medium containing Dex (1 mM). The medium was changed for a maturation ...
Myosin-Powered Membrane Compartment Drives Cytoplasmic
... Plants were grown on a 10/14-hrs light/dark cycle at 24°C. Diameters of leaf abaxial mesophyll cells and lengths of leaf midrib epidermal cells were measured after the detached, fully developed leaves were fixed in ethanol and stained with 0.01% Toluidine blue [28]. The measurements of root hair len ...
... Plants were grown on a 10/14-hrs light/dark cycle at 24°C. Diameters of leaf abaxial mesophyll cells and lengths of leaf midrib epidermal cells were measured after the detached, fully developed leaves were fixed in ethanol and stained with 0.01% Toluidine blue [28]. The measurements of root hair len ...
Functional characterization of dI6 interneurons in the neonatal
... Initial experiments have demonstrated that several of these genetically defined cell populations play specific roles in the production of locomotor behavior. Clear deficits in the fictive locomotor pattern have been observed in the absence of the V0 (Lanuza et al. 2004) and V1 (Gosgnach et al. 2006) ...
... Initial experiments have demonstrated that several of these genetically defined cell populations play specific roles in the production of locomotor behavior. Clear deficits in the fictive locomotor pattern have been observed in the absence of the V0 (Lanuza et al. 2004) and V1 (Gosgnach et al. 2006) ...
Dynamics of interactions of photosensitizers with lipoproteins and
... 5 107 M 1. Biphasic association kinetics was indicative of two types of sites. The release of the phthalocyanine into the bulk aqueous medium occurred within less than a second. A similar behavior was found previously for deuteroporphyrin although its affinity was somewhat higher (5.5 108 M 1). ...
... 5 107 M 1. Biphasic association kinetics was indicative of two types of sites. The release of the phthalocyanine into the bulk aqueous medium occurred within less than a second. A similar behavior was found previously for deuteroporphyrin although its affinity was somewhat higher (5.5 108 M 1). ...
Amassin, an olfactomedin protein, mediates the massive
... within 50 s and is complete by 150 s (Fig. 1). Clots settle onto the substratum; the cells spread out at the edges of the clots and appear viable for 1–3 d. To study the biochemistry of intercoelomocyte adhesion, we devised a reliable method to prevent clotting. This is accomplished by rapidly mixin ...
... within 50 s and is complete by 150 s (Fig. 1). Clots settle onto the substratum; the cells spread out at the edges of the clots and appear viable for 1–3 d. To study the biochemistry of intercoelomocyte adhesion, we devised a reliable method to prevent clotting. This is accomplished by rapidly mixin ...
Early steps in cold sensing by plant cells: the role of actin
... protoplasts Both DMSO and benzyl alcohol (BA) have been routinely used as a membrane rigidi®er and ¯uidizer, respectively. Fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) was used to con®rm the effects of these agents on alfalfa protoplasts, but the polarization index p is inversely ...
... protoplasts Both DMSO and benzyl alcohol (BA) have been routinely used as a membrane rigidi®er and ¯uidizer, respectively. Fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) was used to con®rm the effects of these agents on alfalfa protoplasts, but the polarization index p is inversely ...
STUDENTS` MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT CELL BIOLOGY AND
... The purpose of this study was to identify grades 10 and 11 students’ misconceptions about cell biology and cell division, their sources and levels and to evaluate the effectiveness of biology teachers’ instructional methods to remediate students’ misconception. The study was carried out at KSPS, Som ...
... The purpose of this study was to identify grades 10 and 11 students’ misconceptions about cell biology and cell division, their sources and levels and to evaluate the effectiveness of biology teachers’ instructional methods to remediate students’ misconception. The study was carried out at KSPS, Som ...
Eurofins Legionella PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) Technical
... Advantages of Using the Legionella PCR Method Rather than the Culture Technique The traditional Legionella culture technique takes 10 days to arrive at a confirmed negative result as Legionella bacteria are slow growing in the laboratory. A further 3 days are required for confirmation in the case of ...
... Advantages of Using the Legionella PCR Method Rather than the Culture Technique The traditional Legionella culture technique takes 10 days to arrive at a confirmed negative result as Legionella bacteria are slow growing in the laboratory. A further 3 days are required for confirmation in the case of ...
Determination of the Structure and Composition of the ` Sulphur
... elementary analyses of the ' sulphur granules ' and Actinomyces P 2 s organisms grown in vitro were done by Galbraith Laboratories Inc. (Knoxville, Tennessee). About 10-12 mg. dry weight of ' sulphur granules ' or Actinomyces bovis organisms were combusted in a porcelain crucible to constant weight ...
... elementary analyses of the ' sulphur granules ' and Actinomyces P 2 s organisms grown in vitro were done by Galbraith Laboratories Inc. (Knoxville, Tennessee). About 10-12 mg. dry weight of ' sulphur granules ' or Actinomyces bovis organisms were combusted in a porcelain crucible to constant weight ...
Roles of ion channels and transporters in guard cell signal
... outwardly-rectifying, or weakly rectifying (Fig. 2). The inward K+ channels KAT1, KAT2, AKT1, the outward K+ channel GORK, the K+ channel AKT2/3, whose rectification properties are dependent on its phosphorylation status [30], and the subunit AtKC1, which forms a heteromeric channel with KAT1 or AKT1 ...
... outwardly-rectifying, or weakly rectifying (Fig. 2). The inward K+ channels KAT1, KAT2, AKT1, the outward K+ channel GORK, the K+ channel AKT2/3, whose rectification properties are dependent on its phosphorylation status [30], and the subunit AtKC1, which forms a heteromeric channel with KAT1 or AKT1 ...
Implications for Cystic Fibrosis Disease Patterns in Airway Epithelial
... mucoid alginate-overproducing strains results in an overall attenuation of host responses to P. aeruginosa and a decrease in apoptosis. Our findings show that flagellin is a critical proinflammatory determinant of this bacterium and suggest that other factors, independently of P. aeruginosa mucoidy, ...
... mucoid alginate-overproducing strains results in an overall attenuation of host responses to P. aeruginosa and a decrease in apoptosis. Our findings show that flagellin is a critical proinflammatory determinant of this bacterium and suggest that other factors, independently of P. aeruginosa mucoidy, ...
Enzyme Activities Associated with Carbohydrate
... antinotransferase. This enzyme may be a point of control for chitin synthesis. The results in Fig. 2 ( d ) were obtained with concentrations of fructose-6-phosphate and glutamine giving maximum enzyme activity. Study of the relative enzyme activity shown by the ratio of the activity in the two forms ...
... antinotransferase. This enzyme may be a point of control for chitin synthesis. The results in Fig. 2 ( d ) were obtained with concentrations of fructose-6-phosphate and glutamine giving maximum enzyme activity. Study of the relative enzyme activity shown by the ratio of the activity in the two forms ...
Enzymes for Cell Dissociation and Lysis - Sigma
... the most important of the three for measuring the proteolytic activity that assists the digestion of animal tissue. Because the clostripain present in crude collagenase must be reduced (e.g., by treatment with dithiothreitol) in order to be active this enzyme probably contributes little to the tissu ...
... the most important of the three for measuring the proteolytic activity that assists the digestion of animal tissue. Because the clostripain present in crude collagenase must be reduced (e.g., by treatment with dithiothreitol) in order to be active this enzyme probably contributes little to the tissu ...
Non-Targeted and Targeted Protein Movement
... Intercellular transit through plasmodesmata is an absolute required function for viral movement proteins. As plasmodesmata provide an impediment to viral local and systemic movement, viruses have evolved these proteins, capable of manipulating these channels, to facilitate entrance to neighboring ce ...
... Intercellular transit through plasmodesmata is an absolute required function for viral movement proteins. As plasmodesmata provide an impediment to viral local and systemic movement, viruses have evolved these proteins, capable of manipulating these channels, to facilitate entrance to neighboring ce ...
Abstract Panax ginseng Meyer, belonging to the genus Panax of the
... carbohydrates [45]. Animal lectins are neither immune origin nor catalyst, in contrast to antibodies or enzymes, and are able to detect or bind complex carbohydrate structures specifically through the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) [46] and [47]. Each animal lectin possess its own CRD which h ...
... carbohydrates [45]. Animal lectins are neither immune origin nor catalyst, in contrast to antibodies or enzymes, and are able to detect or bind complex carbohydrate structures specifically through the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) [46] and [47]. Each animal lectin possess its own CRD which h ...
Я-Amyloid-Induced Synthesis of the Ganglioside Gd3 Is a Requisite
... higher than in control cultures, 16 hr after the addition of AP(25–35) (Fig. 1 A,B). In Figure 2 A,B,D, double-fluorescence analysis of GD3 ( green) and nuclear chromatin (red) showed few neurons expressing GD3 in control cultures or in cultures exposed to the reverse peptide AP(35–25). Nearly all ...
... higher than in control cultures, 16 hr after the addition of AP(25–35) (Fig. 1 A,B). In Figure 2 A,B,D, double-fluorescence analysis of GD3 ( green) and nuclear chromatin (red) showed few neurons expressing GD3 in control cultures or in cultures exposed to the reverse peptide AP(35–25). Nearly all ...
Subset-Specific Reductions in Lung Lymphocyte
... and identified the physiologically relevant adhesion receptors expressed during inflammatory responses in selected sites. However, many microvascular beds and disease processes are not amenable to in vitro modeling or intravital study. Consequently, the contributions of adhesion receptors must be ev ...
... and identified the physiologically relevant adhesion receptors expressed during inflammatory responses in selected sites. However, many microvascular beds and disease processes are not amenable to in vitro modeling or intravital study. Consequently, the contributions of adhesion receptors must be ev ...
Lipid raft–associated protein sorting in exosomes
... internal vesicles of MVBs) may occur in various cells since electron microscopy studies using perfringolysin, a cholesterolbinding toxin, recently showed the presence, in B lymphocytes, of cholesterol in intralumenal vesicles of MVBs and in exosomes present in the intercellular space.32 We now prese ...
... internal vesicles of MVBs) may occur in various cells since electron microscopy studies using perfringolysin, a cholesterolbinding toxin, recently showed the presence, in B lymphocytes, of cholesterol in intralumenal vesicles of MVBs and in exosomes present in the intercellular space.32 We now prese ...
Cell culture
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cell_Culture_in_a_tiny_Petri_dish.jpg?width=300)
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.