THE PHAGOCYTOSIS AND INACTIVATION OF
... (Smith) (1). The agglutinin fiters of these sera were 1:640 and 1:1280. They were stored at -20°C., and at the time of use were diluted 1:2 with fresh serum to provide a source of complement. Suspension of Cells and Bacteria.--A suspension containing 5 X 10r macrophages per ml. was delivered into on ...
... (Smith) (1). The agglutinin fiters of these sera were 1:640 and 1:1280. They were stored at -20°C., and at the time of use were diluted 1:2 with fresh serum to provide a source of complement. Suspension of Cells and Bacteria.--A suspension containing 5 X 10r macrophages per ml. was delivered into on ...
THE BACTERIA toxin
... 1. Hemolysins - There are many different types of hemolysins but, in each case, the end result is lysis of the red blood cell with resultant anemia. 2. Leukocidins- Again, there are many different types of leukocidins, and some are specific for only one type of leukocyte. However, the end result in ...
... 1. Hemolysins - There are many different types of hemolysins but, in each case, the end result is lysis of the red blood cell with resultant anemia. 2. Leukocidins- Again, there are many different types of leukocidins, and some are specific for only one type of leukocyte. However, the end result in ...
Htr2a-Expressing Cells in the Central Amygdala Control
... administration of drugs that inhibit either fear mechanism is expected to alleviate advanced abnormal fear emotion. However, if both fears are controlled by antagonistic mechanisms, drugs that alleviate only one fear can aggravate the other fear, leading to paradoxical results. Thus, to formulate an ...
... administration of drugs that inhibit either fear mechanism is expected to alleviate advanced abnormal fear emotion. However, if both fears are controlled by antagonistic mechanisms, drugs that alleviate only one fear can aggravate the other fear, leading to paradoxical results. Thus, to formulate an ...
Pathogenicity and Commensalism Recognition Contribute to Fungal
... and not the more appropriate term ascospores to specifically indicate that the effects we are observing are due only to the spores, not to the ascus. Germination of the spores was observed after 24 h of culture in RPMI, and the exponentially growing cells were starting to divide. Therefore, any anal ...
... and not the more appropriate term ascospores to specifically indicate that the effects we are observing are due only to the spores, not to the ascus. Germination of the spores was observed after 24 h of culture in RPMI, and the exponentially growing cells were starting to divide. Therefore, any anal ...
Competition with pathogens in mucosal colonization
... the strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG adhered best. Perhaps more important, adhesion of the strains to adult mucus was high. The authors suggest that not all strains may be ideal for newborns and adults. Other studies showed that stationary phase lactobacilli were found to adhere to eukaryotic HT-29 ...
... the strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG adhered best. Perhaps more important, adhesion of the strains to adult mucus was high. The authors suggest that not all strains may be ideal for newborns and adults. Other studies showed that stationary phase lactobacilli were found to adhere to eukaryotic HT-29 ...
Membrane traffic and fusion at post-Golgi compartments
... as well as storage proteins in barley, pea, and Arabidopsis (Hunter et al., 2007; Olbrich et al., 2007). The authors demonstrated that there is only a single type of (central) vacuole which is labeled with both α-TIP and γ-TIP in various differentiated tissues (also reviewed in Frigerio et al., 2008 ...
... as well as storage proteins in barley, pea, and Arabidopsis (Hunter et al., 2007; Olbrich et al., 2007). The authors demonstrated that there is only a single type of (central) vacuole which is labeled with both α-TIP and γ-TIP in various differentiated tissues (also reviewed in Frigerio et al., 2008 ...
Copper tolerance of the thermoacidophilic archaeon
... levels and PPX activity were determined. Growth was monitored by measuring unstained cell numbers by means of a Petroff–Hausser chamber under a phase-contrast microscope. Electron microscopy. Unstained cells from S. metallicus or S. solfataricus were routinely examined for the presence of electron-d ...
... levels and PPX activity were determined. Growth was monitored by measuring unstained cell numbers by means of a Petroff–Hausser chamber under a phase-contrast microscope. Electron microscopy. Unstained cells from S. metallicus or S. solfataricus were routinely examined for the presence of electron-d ...
Shifts, Aneuploidy, and Loss of Heterozygosity Rapid Mechanisms
... Correspondence: [email protected] ...
... Correspondence: [email protected] ...
1 Distinct FAK activities determine progenitor
... alternatively proposed that distinct unipotent MaSC populations, located in the luminal and basal compartments, contribute to mammary gland development and maintenance under physiological conditions (7). Presently, the signaling mechanisms regulating these MaSC/progenitor populations remain to be ch ...
... alternatively proposed that distinct unipotent MaSC populations, located in the luminal and basal compartments, contribute to mammary gland development and maintenance under physiological conditions (7). Presently, the signaling mechanisms regulating these MaSC/progenitor populations remain to be ch ...
machinery pre-mRNA in sensing defects in the spliceosomal Mdm4
... (ER) mice, which allowed the triggering of a recombination event in both live animals and, ex vivo, primary cells by using 4-hydroxytamoxifen (OHT). We switched to the Prmt5F/FER system for three main reasons: First, it allowed us to look at cell-autonomous defects. Second, we could derive a much la ...
... (ER) mice, which allowed the triggering of a recombination event in both live animals and, ex vivo, primary cells by using 4-hydroxytamoxifen (OHT). We switched to the Prmt5F/FER system for three main reasons: First, it allowed us to look at cell-autonomous defects. Second, we could derive a much la ...
Homogeneous generation of iDA neurons with high similarity to
... that abundant and readily accessible somatic cell types, such as peripheral blood cells, are amenable to direct lineage reprogramming and can give rise to functional iDA neurons. Taken together, our results suggest that inducible gene expression in a genetically homogeneous system enables the efficie ...
... that abundant and readily accessible somatic cell types, such as peripheral blood cells, are amenable to direct lineage reprogramming and can give rise to functional iDA neurons. Taken together, our results suggest that inducible gene expression in a genetically homogeneous system enables the efficie ...
Identification of plant cytoskeleton-interacting proteins
... in frame to YFP, and a few clones were fused to YFP in a different open reading frame than the annotated gene, creating peptides with the ability to bind actin stress fibers. At present we consider the latter to be the background of the system. In the future when completing a comprehensive screen we ...
... in frame to YFP, and a few clones were fused to YFP in a different open reading frame than the annotated gene, creating peptides with the ability to bind actin stress fibers. At present we consider the latter to be the background of the system. In the future when completing a comprehensive screen we ...
high-throughput transient gene expression in plant
... transfection. The plant cell microarray has several potential applications. It is useful as a high-throughput protein production platform for testing and optimizing foreign gene expression, expression of cDNA libraries, gene silencing experiments, creating protein chips, testing metabolic engineerin ...
... transfection. The plant cell microarray has several potential applications. It is useful as a high-throughput protein production platform for testing and optimizing foreign gene expression, expression of cDNA libraries, gene silencing experiments, creating protein chips, testing metabolic engineerin ...
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... able to produce new gametes that can start the cycle again. In this circularly repetitive process, the zygote stands out as a unique cell in an essential aspect: it has the potential to generate all cells and tissues necessaries (embryonic and extraembryonic) to form the new organism when implanted ...
... able to produce new gametes that can start the cycle again. In this circularly repetitive process, the zygote stands out as a unique cell in an essential aspect: it has the potential to generate all cells and tissues necessaries (embryonic and extraembryonic) to form the new organism when implanted ...
Expression and Inhibition of the Carboxylating
... Whether the carbon taken up during photosynthesis is stored as an organic or inorganic intermediate is a key difference between C4-based CCMs and more typical CCMs, which accumulate inorganic carbon against a concentration gradient (Kaplan and Reinhold, 1999; Badger and Spalding, 2000). Reinfelder e ...
... Whether the carbon taken up during photosynthesis is stored as an organic or inorganic intermediate is a key difference between C4-based CCMs and more typical CCMs, which accumulate inorganic carbon against a concentration gradient (Kaplan and Reinhold, 1999; Badger and Spalding, 2000). Reinfelder e ...
THYMIC REQUIREMENT FOR CYCLICAL IDIOTYPIC AND
... BALB/c mice. Ascites fluid containing the relevant myeloma protein was obtained by injecting mice intraperitoneally with 0.5 ml of mineral oil (Diamond Drug Incorporated, Westhaven, Conn.) at least 1 wk before an intraperitoneal inoculation of tumor cells. The resulting ascitic fluid was recovered, ...
... BALB/c mice. Ascites fluid containing the relevant myeloma protein was obtained by injecting mice intraperitoneally with 0.5 ml of mineral oil (Diamond Drug Incorporated, Westhaven, Conn.) at least 1 wk before an intraperitoneal inoculation of tumor cells. The resulting ascitic fluid was recovered, ...
Synergistic interaction of three ERECTA-family
... primers ERL1g-3680link and ERL1g403linkrc, using the MMI1 BAC clone as a template. The ERL2 promoter region was amplified with primers ERL2g-4364link and ERL2g4linkrc, using the T28J14 BAC clone as a template. The amplified fragments were digested with EcoRI and inserted into pESH244. The plasmids w ...
... primers ERL1g-3680link and ERL1g403linkrc, using the MMI1 BAC clone as a template. The ERL2 promoter region was amplified with primers ERL2g-4364link and ERL2g4linkrc, using the T28J14 BAC clone as a template. The amplified fragments were digested with EcoRI and inserted into pESH244. The plasmids w ...
Light-Dependent Intracellular Positioning of Mitochondria in
... and organelle segregation (Logan 2003). Furthermore, recent research has also revealed that plant mitochondria function as fundamental elements for metabolic interactions with chloroplasts, for example in nitrogen assimilation, photorespiration and dissipation of excess reducing equivalents generate ...
... and organelle segregation (Logan 2003). Furthermore, recent research has also revealed that plant mitochondria function as fundamental elements for metabolic interactions with chloroplasts, for example in nitrogen assimilation, photorespiration and dissipation of excess reducing equivalents generate ...
pdf, 1.5 MB - The Nebenführ Lab
... Some a-1,2 mannosidases are localized to the Golgi (Herscovics et al., 1994; Lal et al., 1994), although other members of the family were found in the ER (e.g. Roth et al., 1990; Burke et al., 1996). The localization of GmMan1 was tested by creating an in-frame fusion to a modified GFP (GmMan1::GFP) ...
... Some a-1,2 mannosidases are localized to the Golgi (Herscovics et al., 1994; Lal et al., 1994), although other members of the family were found in the ER (e.g. Roth et al., 1990; Burke et al., 1996). The localization of GmMan1 was tested by creating an in-frame fusion to a modified GFP (GmMan1::GFP) ...
NO 3
... is driven by a turgor pressure gradient from the source area of plant with low solute potential to several sink areas with a high solute potential. ...
... is driven by a turgor pressure gradient from the source area of plant with low solute potential to several sink areas with a high solute potential. ...
Zebrafish germ cell migration - Development
... show the morphological features characteristic of motile cells at all stages analyzed, including extension of numerous cellular processes (Fig. 3G-I, Movie 2 on-line). The migration patterns are highly dynamic: individual PGCs frequently change their speed, direction and position relative to each ot ...
... show the morphological features characteristic of motile cells at all stages analyzed, including extension of numerous cellular processes (Fig. 3G-I, Movie 2 on-line). The migration patterns are highly dynamic: individual PGCs frequently change their speed, direction and position relative to each ot ...
Targeting of Active Sialyltransferase to the Plant Golgi Apparatus
... residues are added to the N-linked glycans. They may then acquire fucose, xylose, or galactose residues (Fitchette-Laine et al., 1994). The final complex glycan structure is similar to that of some mammalian N-linked glycoproteins; however, it may contain b-1,2-linked xylose and a-1,3-linked fucose. ...
... residues are added to the N-linked glycans. They may then acquire fucose, xylose, or galactose residues (Fitchette-Laine et al., 1994). The final complex glycan structure is similar to that of some mammalian N-linked glycoproteins; however, it may contain b-1,2-linked xylose and a-1,3-linked fucose. ...
Influence of Notch on dorsoventral
... compartmentalization (Micchelli and Blair, 1999; Rauskolb et al., 1999), but there are crucial differences between the action of Notch at the DV boundary and that of Hh at the AP boundary. Signaling between dorsal and ventral compartments is bidirectional, rather than unidirectional. Additionally, n ...
... compartmentalization (Micchelli and Blair, 1999; Rauskolb et al., 1999), but there are crucial differences between the action of Notch at the DV boundary and that of Hh at the AP boundary. Signaling between dorsal and ventral compartments is bidirectional, rather than unidirectional. Additionally, n ...
Cytomechanical properties of papaver pollen tubes are altered after
... ABSTRACT Self-incompatibility (SI) in Papaver rhoeas triggers a ligand-mediated signal transduction cascade, resulting in the inhibition of incompatible pollen tube growth. Using a cytomechanical approach we have demonstrated that dramatic changes to the mechanical properties of incompatible pollen ...
... ABSTRACT Self-incompatibility (SI) in Papaver rhoeas triggers a ligand-mediated signal transduction cascade, resulting in the inhibition of incompatible pollen tube growth. Using a cytomechanical approach we have demonstrated that dramatic changes to the mechanical properties of incompatible pollen ...
Cell culture
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.