Glial Cell Inhibition of Neurons by Release of ATP
... Middleton, WI). Glial Ca 2⫹ changes and neuronal responses were recorded simultaneously. ATP imaging. ATP release from glial cells was detected using the luciferin–luciferase chemiluminescence assay, as described previously (Newman, 2001b). When imaging ATP release from the retinal surface, retinas ...
... Middleton, WI). Glial Ca 2⫹ changes and neuronal responses were recorded simultaneously. ATP imaging. ATP release from glial cells was detected using the luciferin–luciferase chemiluminescence assay, as described previously (Newman, 2001b). When imaging ATP release from the retinal surface, retinas ...
Nitric Oxide Acts as an Antioxidant and Delays Programmed Cell
... death (PCD; Delledonne et al., 1998). In potato (Solanum tuberosum) leaves infected by the pathogen Phytophthora infestans or treated with ROS-producing herbicides, on the other hand, NO acted as an antioxidant and prevented cell death (Laxalt et al., 1997; Beligni and Lamattina, 1999). More recentl ...
... death (PCD; Delledonne et al., 1998). In potato (Solanum tuberosum) leaves infected by the pathogen Phytophthora infestans or treated with ROS-producing herbicides, on the other hand, NO acted as an antioxidant and prevented cell death (Laxalt et al., 1997; Beligni and Lamattina, 1999). More recentl ...
Nervous Tissue - Essex County College Faculty Web Server
... inhibitory neurotransmitter (glycine) onto motor neurons preventing excessive muscle contraction • Strychnine binds to and blocks glycine receptors in the spinal cord • Massive tetanic contractions of all skeletal muscles are produced – when the diaphragm contracts & remains contracted, breathing ca ...
... inhibitory neurotransmitter (glycine) onto motor neurons preventing excessive muscle contraction • Strychnine binds to and blocks glycine receptors in the spinal cord • Massive tetanic contractions of all skeletal muscles are produced – when the diaphragm contracts & remains contracted, breathing ca ...
Saccharomyces boulardii Using Intraspecific Protoplast Fusion
... or polyploid nature of most strains used in beer and ...
... or polyploid nature of most strains used in beer and ...
The viability assessment of Microcystis aeruginosa cells after co-culturing
... harmful algal blooms (HABs), worldwide. Thus a biological control method based on predatory bacteria is an alternative environmental solution to the control of these HABs, A Flow cytometric technique was used to assess the viability of Microcystis spp. cells after deliberate co-culturing with a pred ...
... harmful algal blooms (HABs), worldwide. Thus a biological control method based on predatory bacteria is an alternative environmental solution to the control of these HABs, A Flow cytometric technique was used to assess the viability of Microcystis spp. cells after deliberate co-culturing with a pred ...
Dual mode of paraxial mesoderm formation during chick gastrulation
... mesoderm. In double- (Fig. 1d) or single-graft (Fig. 1 i and l) experiments analyzed after 24 h, cells from the 90% level of the streak mostly gave rise to cells in medial somites from the anterior level of the somitic region to the tail bud (SI Table 1; Fig. 1 e, g, and j). In contrast, grafts of m ...
... mesoderm. In double- (Fig. 1d) or single-graft (Fig. 1 i and l) experiments analyzed after 24 h, cells from the 90% level of the streak mostly gave rise to cells in medial somites from the anterior level of the somitic region to the tail bud (SI Table 1; Fig. 1 e, g, and j). In contrast, grafts of m ...
Cloning
... Initially, the DNA of interest needs to be isolated to provide a DNA segment of suitable size. Subsequently, a ligation procedure is used where the amplified fragment is inserted into a vector (piece of DNA). The vector (which is frequently circular) is linearised using restriction enzymes, and incu ...
... Initially, the DNA of interest needs to be isolated to provide a DNA segment of suitable size. Subsequently, a ligation procedure is used where the amplified fragment is inserted into a vector (piece of DNA). The vector (which is frequently circular) is linearised using restriction enzymes, and incu ...
Localization of polysaccharides in isolated and intact cuticles of
... pure resin overnight. The embedding protocol was performed on ice. Final embedding was done in capsules which were subsequently incubated at 50°C for 3 d. ...
... pure resin overnight. The embedding protocol was performed on ice. Final embedding was done in capsules which were subsequently incubated at 50°C for 3 d. ...
In-vivo detection of binary PKA network interactions upon activation
... We then used the Rluc PCA PKA assay as a reporter to measure activation of distinct GPCRs. For this we employed HEK293 cells that express low levels of endogenous β 2ARs38,42. Using a reporter cell line with stable expression of the PKA biosensor we recorded a transient dissociation of the RII:PKAc ...
... We then used the Rluc PCA PKA assay as a reporter to measure activation of distinct GPCRs. For this we employed HEK293 cells that express low levels of endogenous β 2ARs38,42. Using a reporter cell line with stable expression of the PKA biosensor we recorded a transient dissociation of the RII:PKAc ...
Physical and Chemical Basis of Cytoplasmic Streaming
... They will provide readers with more comprehensive information on the subject. In this report, I shall limit myconsideration to someselected topics in cytoplasmic streaming, focusing on its mechanismat the cellular and molecular levels. Generally speaking, minute structural shifts in the cytoplasm ma ...
... They will provide readers with more comprehensive information on the subject. In this report, I shall limit myconsideration to someselected topics in cytoplasmic streaming, focusing on its mechanismat the cellular and molecular levels. Generally speaking, minute structural shifts in the cytoplasm ma ...
KINGDOM PROTISTA
... Note that these are also informal group names, like “protist,” and not official classification taxa. You already studied protists a bit during the Diversity Lab at the start of this semester. You will continue to study protists here and learn about some of the formal Kingdom and Phylum names that ma ...
... Note that these are also informal group names, like “protist,” and not official classification taxa. You already studied protists a bit during the Diversity Lab at the start of this semester. You will continue to study protists here and learn about some of the formal Kingdom and Phylum names that ma ...
Regulatory Mechanisms for Specification and Patterning of Plant
... Plant vascular tissues, the conduits of water, nutrients, and small molecules, play important roles in plant growth and development. Vascular tissues have allowed plants to successfully adapt to various environmental conditions since they evolved 450 Mya. The majority of plant biomass, an important ...
... Plant vascular tissues, the conduits of water, nutrients, and small molecules, play important roles in plant growth and development. Vascular tissues have allowed plants to successfully adapt to various environmental conditions since they evolved 450 Mya. The majority of plant biomass, an important ...
The Neurosecretory Neuron in Neuroendocrine
... to be destroyed promptly after having elicited a response. Only pinpointed signals of very short duration could, therefore, be involved and in this event every single endocrine cell would have to be "innervated." There is no convincing morphological evidence for such an assumption, even though nerve ...
... to be destroyed promptly after having elicited a response. Only pinpointed signals of very short duration could, therefore, be involved and in this event every single endocrine cell would have to be "innervated." There is no convincing morphological evidence for such an assumption, even though nerve ...
Arachidonic acid inhibits the store-operated Ca2+ current in rat liver
... the bath solution failed to activate any current in rat hepatocytes within 10 min of recording (Figure 1B), indicating that the failure to observe any AA-activated current in H4IIE cells is unlikely to be due to the loss of expression of G-protein-coupled receptors, and that the absence of AA-activa ...
... the bath solution failed to activate any current in rat hepatocytes within 10 min of recording (Figure 1B), indicating that the failure to observe any AA-activated current in H4IIE cells is unlikely to be due to the loss of expression of G-protein-coupled receptors, and that the absence of AA-activa ...
(ECM) Binding Sites on the Basal Surface of Embryonic Corneal
... ECM binding sites on the basal epithelial cell surface provides a new example of polarized expression of cell surface proteins by epithelia. These binding sites may be the link between matrix at the cell surface and the cytoskeleton and thus be involved in the enhancement by ECM of collagen producti ...
... ECM binding sites on the basal epithelial cell surface provides a new example of polarized expression of cell surface proteins by epithelia. These binding sites may be the link between matrix at the cell surface and the cytoskeleton and thus be involved in the enhancement by ECM of collagen producti ...
2009-2010 Course Syllabus for Intro to Biology
... Importance of ions in biological processes b. Develop a logical argument defending water as an essential component of living systems (e.g., unique bonding and properties including polarity, high specific heat, surface tension, hydrogen bonding, adhesion, cohesion, and expansion upon freezing). (DOK ...
... Importance of ions in biological processes b. Develop a logical argument defending water as an essential component of living systems (e.g., unique bonding and properties including polarity, high specific heat, surface tension, hydrogen bonding, adhesion, cohesion, and expansion upon freezing). (DOK ...
endocytosis and exocytosis of gold nanoparticles
... observed that AuNPs coated with certain types of peptides increased the rate of exocytosis. In such case, the peptides caused endocytosis without interacting with membrane receptors [2]. On the other hand, it was observed that AuNPs cations were retained for longer inside the cell because of agglome ...
... observed that AuNPs coated with certain types of peptides increased the rate of exocytosis. In such case, the peptides caused endocytosis without interacting with membrane receptors [2]. On the other hand, it was observed that AuNPs cations were retained for longer inside the cell because of agglome ...
RNA polymerase III component Rpc9 regulates
... Fig. 2. Lack of Rpc9 is responsible for the phenotype of mutant line 116 embryos. (A) Schematic of positional cloning. a-g indicate the locations of polymorphic primers distributed between 29,708,538 to 30,321,343 bp of chromosome 21 and the ratios of recombination out of total 2208 embryos in each ...
... Fig. 2. Lack of Rpc9 is responsible for the phenotype of mutant line 116 embryos. (A) Schematic of positional cloning. a-g indicate the locations of polymorphic primers distributed between 29,708,538 to 30,321,343 bp of chromosome 21 and the ratios of recombination out of total 2208 embryos in each ...
Oxygen Limitation Suppresses Reactive Oxygen Species Formation
... growth is limited. Hydroxyl radical formation increased in aerobic norfloxacin treated cultures. In the presence of O2, both strains treated with norfloxacin had a significant increase in fluorescence emission at time 60 minutes but then dropped down for the next 2 hours (Fig. 3, 4). The fluorescenc ...
... growth is limited. Hydroxyl radical formation increased in aerobic norfloxacin treated cultures. In the presence of O2, both strains treated with norfloxacin had a significant increase in fluorescence emission at time 60 minutes but then dropped down for the next 2 hours (Fig. 3, 4). The fluorescenc ...
Automatic sampling for unbiased and efficient stereological
... The correlation between the biased weight of a field of view and the correct count in the field may be positive or negative. Regardless of that, the estimate is always unbiased. The precision (CE) is, however, much dependent on the relationship between weight and count: the more positive the better ...
... The correlation between the biased weight of a field of view and the correct count in the field may be positive or negative. Regardless of that, the estimate is always unbiased. The precision (CE) is, however, much dependent on the relationship between weight and count: the more positive the better ...
Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-like Protein Mediates Necrosis
... The importance of necrotic cell death has been illustrated by several recent findings. Breeding onto a RIP3 knockout background rescues the developmental defects of caspase-8 knockout mice. This indicates that the cardiac, vascular, and hematopoietic defects that occur during the development of casp ...
... The importance of necrotic cell death has been illustrated by several recent findings. Breeding onto a RIP3 knockout background rescues the developmental defects of caspase-8 knockout mice. This indicates that the cardiac, vascular, and hematopoietic defects that occur during the development of casp ...
Pleiotropy of leptin receptor signalling is defined by distinct roles of
... As a class I cytokine receptor, LEPRb activates the janus kinase ⁄ signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK ⁄ STAT) signalling pathway [10,11]. Ligand binding to LEPRb results in the activation of JAK2 by transphosphorylation and subsequent phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in the cy ...
... As a class I cytokine receptor, LEPRb activates the janus kinase ⁄ signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK ⁄ STAT) signalling pathway [10,11]. Ligand binding to LEPRb results in the activation of JAK2 by transphosphorylation and subsequent phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in the cy ...
Interplay between SCARECROW, GA and LIKE
... Regulated cell division is critical for the development of multi-cellular organisms. In the Arabidopsis root, SCARECROW (SCR) is required for the first cell division, but represses the subsequent, longitudinal asymmetric cell divisions that generate the two cell types of the ground tissue – cortex a ...
... Regulated cell division is critical for the development of multi-cellular organisms. In the Arabidopsis root, SCARECROW (SCR) is required for the first cell division, but represses the subsequent, longitudinal asymmetric cell divisions that generate the two cell types of the ground tissue – cortex a ...
Localised axial progenitor cell populations in the avian tail bud are
... anteroposterior identity of axial cells (reviewed by Deschamps and van Nes, 2005), and can control the timing of ingression of mesodermal precursors from the epiblast (Iimura and Pourquié, 2006). It is therefore of interest to establish whether Hox gene expression is determined in axial progenitor c ...
... anteroposterior identity of axial cells (reviewed by Deschamps and van Nes, 2005), and can control the timing of ingression of mesodermal precursors from the epiblast (Iimura and Pourquié, 2006). It is therefore of interest to establish whether Hox gene expression is determined in axial progenitor c ...
Cell culture
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.