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Human granulocyte-macrophage colony
... any kind of immune challenge55. Tumour cells and lymphomas are also known to secrete the cytokine. GM-CSF is further reported to be secreted in synovium arthritis and by acute myeloid lymphoma cells (Table 1). T cells, macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts on induction accumulat ...
... any kind of immune challenge55. Tumour cells and lymphomas are also known to secrete the cytokine. GM-CSF is further reported to be secreted in synovium arthritis and by acute myeloid lymphoma cells (Table 1). T cells, macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts on induction accumulat ...
Foci of Trinucleotide Repeat Transcripts in Nuclei
... 5'-untranslated region), in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, SBMA (CAG repeat in coding region)," and more recently in Huntington disease (CAG repeat in coding region) (Morell, 1993). In DM, the CTG repeat is located in the 3' UTR of the mRNA, 500 bp upstream of the poly(A) signal, and it is expr ...
... 5'-untranslated region), in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, SBMA (CAG repeat in coding region)," and more recently in Huntington disease (CAG repeat in coding region) (Morell, 1993). In DM, the CTG repeat is located in the 3' UTR of the mRNA, 500 bp upstream of the poly(A) signal, and it is expr ...
Effects of intestinal adaptation on insulin binding to villus cell
... Insulin affects the expression of brush border enzymes by villus cells in vitro and in vivo. Physiological (lactation) and surgical (jejunoileal bypass) models of hyper- and hypoplasia were established so that insulin receptor characteristics could be related to villus histology, expression of sucra ...
... Insulin affects the expression of brush border enzymes by villus cells in vitro and in vivo. Physiological (lactation) and surgical (jejunoileal bypass) models of hyper- and hypoplasia were established so that insulin receptor characteristics could be related to villus histology, expression of sucra ...
A Cellular Adventure
... Lysosome: Yeah, I do get very full. Sometimes I feel like I’m going to burst. All of the organelles mumble “Oh, no… don’t burst!” Ryan: Well, what’s wrong with that? Lysosome: Remember when I said that I was full of digestive enzymes? Ryan: Yeah, but what does that have to do with anything? Lysosom ...
... Lysosome: Yeah, I do get very full. Sometimes I feel like I’m going to burst. All of the organelles mumble “Oh, no… don’t burst!” Ryan: Well, what’s wrong with that? Lysosome: Remember when I said that I was full of digestive enzymes? Ryan: Yeah, but what does that have to do with anything? Lysosom ...
Direct inhibition of CD40L expression can contribute
... using anti-CD20 and anti-CD8 murine antihuman antibodies (Nexell, Irvine, CA) in combination with sheep antimouse magnetic beads using an Isolex device (Nexell). The enriched CD4⫹ T cells, which were more than 95% pure by flow cytometry (⬍ 0.1% CD8⫹ T-cell contamination), were then cryopreserved und ...
... using anti-CD20 and anti-CD8 murine antihuman antibodies (Nexell, Irvine, CA) in combination with sheep antimouse magnetic beads using an Isolex device (Nexell). The enriched CD4⫹ T cells, which were more than 95% pure by flow cytometry (⬍ 0.1% CD8⫹ T-cell contamination), were then cryopreserved und ...
Expedited Publication Marks the Smooth Muscle Lineage
... whose promoters could be used to identify regulators of SMC transcription. For example, a number of cytoskeletal and contractile genes have been used as markers for SMCs during development and disease"; however, many such markers, including extra-domain fibronectin variants,'2 meta-vinculin,'3 a-tro ...
... whose promoters could be used to identify regulators of SMC transcription. For example, a number of cytoskeletal and contractile genes have been used as markers for SMCs during development and disease"; however, many such markers, including extra-domain fibronectin variants,'2 meta-vinculin,'3 a-tro ...
Cell cycle regulation by the bacterial nucleoid
... by the assembly of the tubulin homologue FtsZ into a ring-like structure (‘Z-ring’) at the nascent division site (Figure 1) [1]. The Z-ring then functions as a dynamic platform for assembly of the division machinery [2,3]. Its central role in division also allows FtsZ to serve as a regulatory hub fo ...
... by the assembly of the tubulin homologue FtsZ into a ring-like structure (‘Z-ring’) at the nascent division site (Figure 1) [1]. The Z-ring then functions as a dynamic platform for assembly of the division machinery [2,3]. Its central role in division also allows FtsZ to serve as a regulatory hub fo ...
the far c-terminus of tpx2 contributes to spindle morphogenesis
... Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the universal blueprint for life. It contains the genetic code that each cell uses to generate the proteome. As life evolved on Earth, organisms developed methods to ensure the delivery of replicated DNA to their progeny. Prokaryotes undergo binary fission – a process ...
... Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the universal blueprint for life. It contains the genetic code that each cell uses to generate the proteome. As life evolved on Earth, organisms developed methods to ensure the delivery of replicated DNA to their progeny. Prokaryotes undergo binary fission – a process ...
Figure 2 - York College of Pennsylvania
... 293T cells were chosen for experimentation. This particular cell line is epithelial and was derived from the human kidney. The cells were designed to over-express the Tumor (T) antigen, which in turn would enhance expression of an encoded protein (km23). Cell media was DMEM + 10% FBS. ...
... 293T cells were chosen for experimentation. This particular cell line is epithelial and was derived from the human kidney. The cells were designed to over-express the Tumor (T) antigen, which in turn would enhance expression of an encoded protein (km23). Cell media was DMEM + 10% FBS. ...
Vesicular stomatitis virus infects resident cells of the central nervous
... (Lundh et al., 1987). Primary murine glial cells were exposed to recombinant SeV containing the GFP gene (SeV-GFP, Fig. 1D) (Wiegand et al., 2007) at an MOIVERO of 1 (calculated based on the SeV-GFP titration on Vero cells) and viral infection and replication was again assessed by fluorescence micros ...
... (Lundh et al., 1987). Primary murine glial cells were exposed to recombinant SeV containing the GFP gene (SeV-GFP, Fig. 1D) (Wiegand et al., 2007) at an MOIVERO of 1 (calculated based on the SeV-GFP titration on Vero cells) and viral infection and replication was again assessed by fluorescence micros ...
MESOPHYLL STRUCTURE AND CHLOROPLAST DENSITY IN
... We examined the leaf mesostructure of P. ginseng growing in the Chuguevsky District of the Primorye Region. The plants showed variability of leaf mesostructure features which depended on their habitat conditions. The structural and functional traits of the assimilative apparatus that we showed to be ...
... We examined the leaf mesostructure of P. ginseng growing in the Chuguevsky District of the Primorye Region. The plants showed variability of leaf mesostructure features which depended on their habitat conditions. The structural and functional traits of the assimilative apparatus that we showed to be ...
An Early Tobacco Mosaic Virus-Induced Oxidative Burst in Tobacco
... A–E). The E50Q mutation stabilizes the helical aggregates inhibiting viral disassembly, so apparently induction of ROS requires some degree of disassembly. In addition, there was no apparent difference in response between tobacco tissue that carried the N⬘ gene (cultivar EN; Fig. 5F) and nn/n⬘n⬘, as ...
... A–E). The E50Q mutation stabilizes the helical aggregates inhibiting viral disassembly, so apparently induction of ROS requires some degree of disassembly. In addition, there was no apparent difference in response between tobacco tissue that carried the N⬘ gene (cultivar EN; Fig. 5F) and nn/n⬘n⬘, as ...
KLF4 N-Terminal Variance Modulates Induced Reprogramming to
... role of transcription factor coordination in driving somatic cells toward pluripotency. Early mechanistic studies using mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were conducted through de novo introduction of viral vectors, each expressing an individual (monocistronic) reprogramming factor (Brambrink et al ...
... role of transcription factor coordination in driving somatic cells toward pluripotency. Early mechanistic studies using mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were conducted through de novo introduction of viral vectors, each expressing an individual (monocistronic) reprogramming factor (Brambrink et al ...
A Novel Recombinant Plasma Membrane
... kept in the continuous presence of 0.2 mg/ml G418 sulfate (Geneticin; Calbiochem, La Jolla, CA). ACN cells were transfected with pmeLUC by Lipofectamine (Invitrogen) and tested 24 h after transfection. Briefly, cells were incubated in 250 l serum-free transfection medium (OPTIMEM) in the presence o ...
... kept in the continuous presence of 0.2 mg/ml G418 sulfate (Geneticin; Calbiochem, La Jolla, CA). ACN cells were transfected with pmeLUC by Lipofectamine (Invitrogen) and tested 24 h after transfection. Briefly, cells were incubated in 250 l serum-free transfection medium (OPTIMEM) in the presence o ...
Maintenance of ZPA signaling in cultured mouse limb bud cells
... 1991). Thus, a signal similar to that derived from the posterior limb bud appears to be utilized extensively throughout embryogenesis. In the limb bud, ZPA signaling is controlled both spatially and temporally. Using chick tissue, maps of ZPA signaling have been established for different development ...
... 1991). Thus, a signal similar to that derived from the posterior limb bud appears to be utilized extensively throughout embryogenesis. In the limb bud, ZPA signaling is controlled both spatially and temporally. Using chick tissue, maps of ZPA signaling have been established for different development ...
HISTOLOGY— THE STUDY OF TISSUES
... of closely adhering cells, usually serving as the internal lining of a hollow organ or body cavity or the external surface of an organ. Thus, we find epithelia lining the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities; lining the inner passages of the respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive ...
... of closely adhering cells, usually serving as the internal lining of a hollow organ or body cavity or the external surface of an organ. Thus, we find epithelia lining the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities; lining the inner passages of the respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive ...
07-Feinstein 614.indd - The octopus research group at the Hebrew
... Abstract. – To better understand the neural control and behavioral output of the highly flexible octopus arm, we have characterized the arm’s neuromuscular system using light and electron microscopy to examine the organization of muscle groups and pattern of innervation. Simulations and indirect cal ...
... Abstract. – To better understand the neural control and behavioral output of the highly flexible octopus arm, we have characterized the arm’s neuromuscular system using light and electron microscopy to examine the organization of muscle groups and pattern of innervation. Simulations and indirect cal ...
Title Soybean extracts increase cell surface ZIP4 abundance and
... [46] were maintained at 37°C in a humidified 5% CO2 incubator in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Multiser, Trace Scientific, Melbourne, Australia), 100 units penicillin/ml, and 100 μg streptomycin/ml. Caco2 cells stably expressing mZi ...
... [46] were maintained at 37°C in a humidified 5% CO2 incubator in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Multiser, Trace Scientific, Melbourne, Australia), 100 units penicillin/ml, and 100 μg streptomycin/ml. Caco2 cells stably expressing mZi ...
Synthesis and characterization of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate
... characterized by an excess carbon supply and the lack of one or more essential nutrients4. About 150 different hydroxyalkanoic acids have been identified as constituents of bacterial polyesters5. The first PHA, a homopolymer of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), was discovered by Lemoigne in 19256. It is ...
... characterized by an excess carbon supply and the lack of one or more essential nutrients4. About 150 different hydroxyalkanoic acids have been identified as constituents of bacterial polyesters5. The first PHA, a homopolymer of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), was discovered by Lemoigne in 19256. It is ...
BACTERIAL CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION Geoffrey C. Draper
... IV was also demonstrated to be capable of catalyzing the efficient decatenation of circular DNA molecules in vitro (2, 72, 114, 115). Pulse-labeling experiments showed that nearly all newly replicated plasmid DNA is catenated under conditions in which topo IV is not active (168). These experiments a ...
... IV was also demonstrated to be capable of catalyzing the efficient decatenation of circular DNA molecules in vitro (2, 72, 114, 115). Pulse-labeling experiments showed that nearly all newly replicated plasmid DNA is catenated under conditions in which topo IV is not active (168). These experiments a ...
Respiratory System - eCurriculum
... Submucosa – connective tissue layer; contains mixed (mucous and serous secreting glands in larger passageways) ...
... Submucosa – connective tissue layer; contains mixed (mucous and serous secreting glands in larger passageways) ...
Apoptotic cell clearance: basic biology and therapeutic potential
... antimicrobial but pro-inflammatory consequences. A key feature of membrane lysis is the display and/or release of intracellular molecules that are otherwise hidden from the extracellular environment. Exposure of certain intracellular molecules can trigger inflammation and signal ‘danger’152 to the i ...
... antimicrobial but pro-inflammatory consequences. A key feature of membrane lysis is the display and/or release of intracellular molecules that are otherwise hidden from the extracellular environment. Exposure of certain intracellular molecules can trigger inflammation and signal ‘danger’152 to the i ...
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE THETA CELL OF THE MOUSE
... presence of pleomorphic secretory granules, a characteristic arrangement of the rougi~ surfaced variety of endoplasmic reticulum, a well developed Golgi complex, and an eccentrically located nuclcus. The secretory granules are seen at first as small granules of low density within the Golgi vesicles. ...
... presence of pleomorphic secretory granules, a characteristic arrangement of the rougi~ surfaced variety of endoplasmic reticulum, a well developed Golgi complex, and an eccentrically located nuclcus. The secretory granules are seen at first as small granules of low density within the Golgi vesicles. ...
Cell size trade-offs govern light exploitation strategies in
... where M is the metabolic rate, a is the size-normalized metabolic rate, which varies among taxonomic groups (Irwin et al., 2006; Raven et al., 2006), E is the activation energy for metabolism, k is the Boltzmann’s constant (8.62 eV K-1), T is temperature and b is the size scaling exponent, measured ...
... where M is the metabolic rate, a is the size-normalized metabolic rate, which varies among taxonomic groups (Irwin et al., 2006; Raven et al., 2006), E is the activation energy for metabolism, k is the Boltzmann’s constant (8.62 eV K-1), T is temperature and b is the size scaling exponent, measured ...
Cell culture
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cell_Culture_in_a_tiny_Petri_dish.jpg?width=300)
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.