Drosophila embryos close epithelial wounds using a combination of
... of dynamic morphological changes in the epithelium cells (Fig. 1G,H; Table 1). We found that the epithelial wound repair process can be divided into four phases, corresponding with the morphological changes observed: (i) expansion, (ii) coalescence, (iii) contraction and (iv) closure. Upon wounding ...
... of dynamic morphological changes in the epithelium cells (Fig. 1G,H; Table 1). We found that the epithelial wound repair process can be divided into four phases, corresponding with the morphological changes observed: (i) expansion, (ii) coalescence, (iii) contraction and (iv) closure. Upon wounding ...
Production and consumption of nitrous oxide in nitrate
... reduced to N2 by a homodimeric N2O reductase (NosZ), which is a copper-containing enzyme located on the outside of the cytoplasmic membrane (i.e. the periplasm in Gramnegative bacteria) (Zumft, 1997; Zumft & Kroneck, 2007; Pomowski et al., 2011; Wüst et al., 2012; Pauleta et al., 2013). Various Nos ...
... reduced to N2 by a homodimeric N2O reductase (NosZ), which is a copper-containing enzyme located on the outside of the cytoplasmic membrane (i.e. the periplasm in Gramnegative bacteria) (Zumft, 1997; Zumft & Kroneck, 2007; Pomowski et al., 2011; Wüst et al., 2012; Pauleta et al., 2013). Various Nos ...
The Young Mouse Heart Is Composed of Myocytes Heterogeneous
... Relaxation was also prolonged in large myocytes but timeto-peak-shortening was similar in all cells. The question was whether myocyte shortening, p16INK4a expression, and telomere length could be concurrently evaluated in the same cells to provide a cause-and-effect relationship among these variable ...
... Relaxation was also prolonged in large myocytes but timeto-peak-shortening was similar in all cells. The question was whether myocyte shortening, p16INK4a expression, and telomere length could be concurrently evaluated in the same cells to provide a cause-and-effect relationship among these variable ...
effects of light on photosynthesis, grazing, and population dynamics
... RhodPfiest1) and was then maintained for 48 h without feeding. The culture was divided into six 50-mL aliquots with P. piscicida concentrations of 7500 cellsmL1. Three of the six cultures were wrapped in aluminum foil, and R. sp. was added to the six experimental and to six R. sp. control flasks ...
... RhodPfiest1) and was then maintained for 48 h without feeding. The culture was divided into six 50-mL aliquots with P. piscicida concentrations of 7500 cellsmL1. Three of the six cultures were wrapped in aluminum foil, and R. sp. was added to the six experimental and to six R. sp. control flasks ...
Functional unit of RNA polymerase II
... The C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit (RPB1) of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) comprises a set of tandemly repeated heptapeptides (Y1S2P3 T4S5P6S7) that are essential for viability in both animals and yeast (1, 2). The CTD functions throughout the RNAP II transcription cycle; ...
... The C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit (RPB1) of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) comprises a set of tandemly repeated heptapeptides (Y1S2P3 T4S5P6S7) that are essential for viability in both animals and yeast (1, 2). The CTD functions throughout the RNAP II transcription cycle; ...
Nitric oxide cell signaling: S-nitrosation of Ras superfamily GTPases
... aortic endothelial cells, resulting in tyrosine phosphorylation of various cellular proteins (i.e., focal adhesion kinase, Src kinase, and MAPK) [74]. Moreover, Deora et al. have shown that NO-producing agents trigger recruitment, Ras activation of phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase (PI3K) and Raf in hu ...
... aortic endothelial cells, resulting in tyrosine phosphorylation of various cellular proteins (i.e., focal adhesion kinase, Src kinase, and MAPK) [74]. Moreover, Deora et al. have shown that NO-producing agents trigger recruitment, Ras activation of phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase (PI3K) and Raf in hu ...
Brock_Charter_Christopher_2011
... in embryonic development, as well as organ homeostasis in the adult. In organisms such as adult axolotls and newts, RA is also important for regeneration of the CNS, limb, tail, and many other organ systems. RA mediates many of its effects in development and regeneration through nuclear receptors, k ...
... in embryonic development, as well as organ homeostasis in the adult. In organisms such as adult axolotls and newts, RA is also important for regeneration of the CNS, limb, tail, and many other organ systems. RA mediates many of its effects in development and regeneration through nuclear receptors, k ...
Peptides that mimic Candida albicans–derived β
... isolated with DJ2.8 were dotted and their recognition by different mAbs determined. The phages were strongly recognized by the anti-β-1,2-oligomannoside mAb DJ2.8 (112 ± 5 arbitrary units [AU]); low reactivity (15 ± 9 AU) was also observed with another anti-β-1,2-oligomannoside mAb 5B2; no signal (3 ...
... isolated with DJ2.8 were dotted and their recognition by different mAbs determined. The phages were strongly recognized by the anti-β-1,2-oligomannoside mAb DJ2.8 (112 ± 5 arbitrary units [AU]); low reactivity (15 ± 9 AU) was also observed with another anti-β-1,2-oligomannoside mAb 5B2; no signal (3 ...
Numerical simulation of morphogenetic movements in
... problem. Each modification of the embryonic structure is actually driven by forces generated within the cells that properly react and respond so that the global architecture changes, but the embryo can progressively perform more specialised functions. The strong connection between mechanics and gene ...
... problem. Each modification of the embryonic structure is actually driven by forces generated within the cells that properly react and respond so that the global architecture changes, but the embryo can progressively perform more specialised functions. The strong connection between mechanics and gene ...
Stochastic and reversible aggregation of mRNA with expanded CUG
... in the etiology of DM1 is that these RNAs sequester splicing factors in nuclear RNA foci, affecting the alternative splicing of several transcripts in DM1 patients (Ranum and Day, 2004). However, it is not yet clear how these RNA foci are formed and whether they constitute irreversible aggregates. T ...
... in the etiology of DM1 is that these RNAs sequester splicing factors in nuclear RNA foci, affecting the alternative splicing of several transcripts in DM1 patients (Ranum and Day, 2004). However, it is not yet clear how these RNA foci are formed and whether they constitute irreversible aggregates. T ...
PDF
... investigate whether the homeoproteins Pitx3 and En1 could act in a combinatorial code during dopaminergic subset specification, which ultimately gives rise to the distinct mdDA subpopulations outlined in Fig. 1. As the adult Pitx3 knockout phenotype is well described (Smidt et al., 2004; Nunes et al ...
... investigate whether the homeoproteins Pitx3 and En1 could act in a combinatorial code during dopaminergic subset specification, which ultimately gives rise to the distinct mdDA subpopulations outlined in Fig. 1. As the adult Pitx3 knockout phenotype is well described (Smidt et al., 2004; Nunes et al ...
Fluorescence assay for monitoring Zn
... produces the potent cytotoxin and nitrating agent peroxynitrite. NO is a small, uncharged molecule, which can readily enter the active site of SOD1 and can actually shift the equilibrium in favor of superoxide production from Cu(I) /SOD1 and oxygen; the net result is a ‘peroxynitrite synthase’ acti ...
... produces the potent cytotoxin and nitrating agent peroxynitrite. NO is a small, uncharged molecule, which can readily enter the active site of SOD1 and can actually shift the equilibrium in favor of superoxide production from Cu(I) /SOD1 and oxygen; the net result is a ‘peroxynitrite synthase’ acti ...
Axis-inducing activities and cell fates of the zebrafish organizer.
... 1996; Varlet et al., 1997; Tam and Steiner, 1999). These data suggested the possibility that anterior specification in zebrafish, similar to mouse, requires spatially distinct activities. The fact that the embryonic shield of another teleost fish, Perca, is capable of inducing complete secondary axi ...
... 1996; Varlet et al., 1997; Tam and Steiner, 1999). These data suggested the possibility that anterior specification in zebrafish, similar to mouse, requires spatially distinct activities. The fact that the embryonic shield of another teleost fish, Perca, is capable of inducing complete secondary axi ...
The maxillary recess of the sphenoid sinus
... The most studied recess of the sphenoid sinus seems to be the lateral one, which is highly variable. Less attention seems to be paid to the maxillary recess, extending anterior, inferior and lateral towards the maxillary sinus. Twenty patients were referred for CT of the paranasal sinuses (axial CT) ...
... The most studied recess of the sphenoid sinus seems to be the lateral one, which is highly variable. Less attention seems to be paid to the maxillary recess, extending anterior, inferior and lateral towards the maxillary sinus. Twenty patients were referred for CT of the paranasal sinuses (axial CT) ...
Functional Analysis of Cellulose and Xyloglucan
... stomata, we measured CSC density and speed in stomatal guard cells from 6-d-old seedlings expressing GFP-CESA3 in the cesa3je5 mutant background (Desprez et al., 2007) using time-lapse live-cell imaging. Young seedlings were used in this experiment because preliminary analyses demonstrated that ther ...
... stomata, we measured CSC density and speed in stomatal guard cells from 6-d-old seedlings expressing GFP-CESA3 in the cesa3je5 mutant background (Desprez et al., 2007) using time-lapse live-cell imaging. Young seedlings were used in this experiment because preliminary analyses demonstrated that ther ...
Minguillon et al., 2005
... National Institute for Medical Research Mill Hill London NW7 1AA United Kingdom ...
... National Institute for Medical Research Mill Hill London NW7 1AA United Kingdom ...
Myosin XI-K Is Required for Rapid Trafficking of
... metazoa possess one to three class V myosins, whereas plants have a dozen or so related class XI myosins, which suggests a greater functional diversification. Similarly to other myosins, class V and class XI myosins possess an N-terminal head or motor domain that hydrolyzes ATP and binds actin micro ...
... metazoa possess one to three class V myosins, whereas plants have a dozen or so related class XI myosins, which suggests a greater functional diversification. Similarly to other myosins, class V and class XI myosins possess an N-terminal head or motor domain that hydrolyzes ATP and binds actin micro ...
Classes of programmed cell death in plants
... variable among examples of PCD and therefore cannot be used to distinguish PCD classes that otherwise also make biological sense. Another early morphological change is the increase in autophagy-like structures in the cytoplasm: vacuole-like vesicles that are apparently involved in the initial cytopl ...
... variable among examples of PCD and therefore cannot be used to distinguish PCD classes that otherwise also make biological sense. Another early morphological change is the increase in autophagy-like structures in the cytoplasm: vacuole-like vesicles that are apparently involved in the initial cytopl ...
Meiotic Recombination inSchizosaccharomyces pombe: A Paradigm
... S. pombe: An Excellent Model Organism for Studying Meiotic Recombination Homologous genetic recombination plays two important roles during meiosis, the special nuclear divisions during which chromosome number is reduced from two (diploid) to one (haploid). First, recombination provides the physical ...
... S. pombe: An Excellent Model Organism for Studying Meiotic Recombination Homologous genetic recombination plays two important roles during meiosis, the special nuclear divisions during which chromosome number is reduced from two (diploid) to one (haploid). First, recombination provides the physical ...
GENE EXPRESSION SIGNATURES IN TREE SHREW RETINA
... During the development of induced myopia and recovery, the emmetropization mechanism is stimulated to modulate ocular growth. Emmetropization signals originate in the retina, are transmitted and transformed by retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid, and reach sclera to induce tissue remodeling ...
... During the development of induced myopia and recovery, the emmetropization mechanism is stimulated to modulate ocular growth. Emmetropization signals originate in the retina, are transmitted and transformed by retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid, and reach sclera to induce tissue remodeling ...
Phloem loading and unloading of sugars and amino acids
... In terrestrial higher plants, phloem transport delivers most nutrients required for growth and storage processes. Some 90% of plant biomass, transported as sugars and amino nitrogen (N) compounds in a bulk flow of solution, is propelled though the phloem by osmotically generated hydrostatic pressure ...
... In terrestrial higher plants, phloem transport delivers most nutrients required for growth and storage processes. Some 90% of plant biomass, transported as sugars and amino nitrogen (N) compounds in a bulk flow of solution, is propelled though the phloem by osmotically generated hydrostatic pressure ...
Separate Functions of Gelsolin Mediate Sequential Steps of
... altered residues was directed by the following considerations: the aminoterminal half of gelsolin is largely responsible for severing and capping activities and is regulated by phosphoinositides (Janmey and Stossel, 1987; Yin, 1987; Weeds and Maciver, 1993); in vitro severing assays have demonstrate ...
... altered residues was directed by the following considerations: the aminoterminal half of gelsolin is largely responsible for severing and capping activities and is regulated by phosphoinositides (Janmey and Stossel, 1987; Yin, 1987; Weeds and Maciver, 1993); in vitro severing assays have demonstrate ...
Saliva of the Lyme Disease Vector, Lxodes dammini, Blocks
... inoculation but these responses are greatly delayed or are nonexistent in animals infected with similar numbers of spirochetes delivered by infected ticks (12, 13). This suggests that tick saliva modifies the host-specific T and B cell response to the Lyme spirochete. However, the immunological mech ...
... inoculation but these responses are greatly delayed or are nonexistent in animals infected with similar numbers of spirochetes delivered by infected ticks (12, 13). This suggests that tick saliva modifies the host-specific T and B cell response to the Lyme spirochete. However, the immunological mech ...
REVIEWS
... are uniform among individuals within a species, and departures from this situation in humans result in severe medical conditions. In addition to its relevance to human health, how vertebrate left–right (LR) asymmetry is established is an important question for developmental biologists, and several i ...
... are uniform among individuals within a species, and departures from this situation in humans result in severe medical conditions. In addition to its relevance to human health, how vertebrate left–right (LR) asymmetry is established is an important question for developmental biologists, and several i ...
Bound by Fate: Reactive Oxygen Species in
... microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and host-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to the control of plant development (Table 1). The Arabidopsis genome encodes ten RBOHs involved in different physiological processes (Suzuki et al., 2011). Two RBOH isoforms, RBOHD and RBOHF, ...
... microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and host-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to the control of plant development (Table 1). The Arabidopsis genome encodes ten RBOHs involved in different physiological processes (Suzuki et al., 2011). Two RBOH isoforms, RBOHD and RBOHF, ...