assembly of integral membrane proteins from the periplasm into the
... All currently known OMPs from bacteria form transmembrane "-barrels.The "-barrel is characterized by the number of antiparallel "strands and by the shear number, which is a measure for the inclination angle of the "strands against the barrel axis. The OMPs of bacteria form transmembrane "-barrels wi ...
... All currently known OMPs from bacteria form transmembrane "-barrels.The "-barrel is characterized by the number of antiparallel "strands and by the shear number, which is a measure for the inclination angle of the "strands against the barrel axis. The OMPs of bacteria form transmembrane "-barrels wi ...
and Abscisic Acid Response Elements in the Em Promoter
... VP1 are required for induction of the maize Em homolog during embryo development (McCarty et al., 1991). VPl is also specifically required during seed development for the activation of C7, a regulatory gene of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway (McCarty et ai., 1989b; Hattori et al., 1992).Our pre ...
... VP1 are required for induction of the maize Em homolog during embryo development (McCarty et al., 1991). VPl is also specifically required during seed development for the activation of C7, a regulatory gene of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway (McCarty et ai., 1989b; Hattori et al., 1992).Our pre ...
Desmin Is Essential for the Tensile Strength and
... become aligned, nuclei move from central to peripheral locations, and tubules adopt a transverse orientation. The preexisting desmin IF networks shift from a longitudinal to a predominantly transverse orientation, associated with the Z disk. Skeletal muscles are characterized by the precise organiza ...
... become aligned, nuclei move from central to peripheral locations, and tubules adopt a transverse orientation. The preexisting desmin IF networks shift from a longitudinal to a predominantly transverse orientation, associated with the Z disk. Skeletal muscles are characterized by the precise organiza ...
Regulation of E. coli Glycogen Phosphorylase Activity by HPr
... employing a coupled enzyme assay. E. coli GP activity was increased by E. coli HPr to 250% of the control value, and the stimulation of GP activity by HPr was saturable (Figure 3). Double reciprocal plots show that HPrdependent activation leads to an increase (approximately 5-fold) in the affinity f ...
... employing a coupled enzyme assay. E. coli GP activity was increased by E. coli HPr to 250% of the control value, and the stimulation of GP activity by HPr was saturable (Figure 3). Double reciprocal plots show that HPrdependent activation leads to an increase (approximately 5-fold) in the affinity f ...
The Ovule and the Embryo Sac
... The plant life cycle is characterized by the alternation of generations between a diploid sporophyte and a haploid gametophyte. The sporophyte functions to produce spores, which then develop into gametophytes. The differentiated gametophytes in turn produce either the male gametes (sperm) or female ...
... The plant life cycle is characterized by the alternation of generations between a diploid sporophyte and a haploid gametophyte. The sporophyte functions to produce spores, which then develop into gametophytes. The differentiated gametophytes in turn produce either the male gametes (sperm) or female ...
Dynamics of Tubulovesicular Recycling Endosomes in Hippocampal
... extensions of the sorting endosomes as well as to tubulovesicular recycling endosomes in nonpolarized cells (Prekeris et al., 1998). To determine the subcellular localization of syntaxin 13 in neuronal cells, we stained embryonic and postnatal cultured hippocampal neurons with affinity-purified poly ...
... extensions of the sorting endosomes as well as to tubulovesicular recycling endosomes in nonpolarized cells (Prekeris et al., 1998). To determine the subcellular localization of syntaxin 13 in neuronal cells, we stained embryonic and postnatal cultured hippocampal neurons with affinity-purified poly ...
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... (Laplante and Nilson, 2011). The scaffolding protein and apical determinant Par3/Bazooka (Baz) localizes to adherens junctions in the epidermis of DC-stage embryos, but is lost from the leading edge, in concert with Echinoid (Laplante and Nilson, 2011; McKinley et al., 2012). It has been proposed th ...
... (Laplante and Nilson, 2011). The scaffolding protein and apical determinant Par3/Bazooka (Baz) localizes to adherens junctions in the epidermis of DC-stage embryos, but is lost from the leading edge, in concert with Echinoid (Laplante and Nilson, 2011; McKinley et al., 2012). It has been proposed th ...
- Wiley Online Library
... recycling endosomes (Carlton et al., 2005), and precede prevacuolar compartments in the endocytic pathway in plant cells (Lam et al., 2007), likely designating them as early endosomes in plants as well. The increase in abundance of these structures in response to EIX treatment could indicate an incr ...
... recycling endosomes (Carlton et al., 2005), and precede prevacuolar compartments in the endocytic pathway in plant cells (Lam et al., 2007), likely designating them as early endosomes in plants as well. The increase in abundance of these structures in response to EIX treatment could indicate an incr ...
Naive CD8 T cells differentiate into protective memory
... An optimal CD8ⴙ T cell response requires signals from the T cell receptor (TCR), co-stimulatory molecules, and cytokines. In most cases, the relative contribution of these signals to CD8ⴙ T cell proliferation, accumulation, effector function, and differentiation to memory is unknown. Recent work (Bo ...
... An optimal CD8ⴙ T cell response requires signals from the T cell receptor (TCR), co-stimulatory molecules, and cytokines. In most cases, the relative contribution of these signals to CD8ⴙ T cell proliferation, accumulation, effector function, and differentiation to memory is unknown. Recent work (Bo ...
Effects of Ammonia and Lactate on Hybridoma Growth, Metabolism
... by the conversion of glutamate to a-ketoglutarate. Concentration of ammonia in cell culture is influenced by the mode of reactor operation, cell and glutamine concentrations, and cellular activities. Although ammonia concentrations of 2-5 mM are typical in batch cultures,” they can be higher in glut ...
... by the conversion of glutamate to a-ketoglutarate. Concentration of ammonia in cell culture is influenced by the mode of reactor operation, cell and glutamine concentrations, and cellular activities. Although ammonia concentrations of 2-5 mM are typical in batch cultures,” they can be higher in glut ...
Threshold Levels of Fluid Shear Promote Leukocyte
... a significant advantage over neutrophils in that L-selectin expression is low (Ley et al., 1995) and CD18 integrins are not functional (Bevilacqua et al., 1987), thus reducing any potential effect of leukocyte–leukocyte interactions that might either inhibit or enhance adhesion (Bargatze et al., 199 ...
... a significant advantage over neutrophils in that L-selectin expression is low (Ley et al., 1995) and CD18 integrins are not functional (Bevilacqua et al., 1987), thus reducing any potential effect of leukocyte–leukocyte interactions that might either inhibit or enhance adhesion (Bargatze et al., 199 ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... proteasomal activity. Although data implicate involvement of the proteasome in modulating pollen tube growth, it is too early to speculate about the identity of the DEVDase. Characterization of the SI-activated caspase-1, 3, 6-like activities revealed that they exhibit activity within a very narrow ...
... proteasomal activity. Although data implicate involvement of the proteasome in modulating pollen tube growth, it is too early to speculate about the identity of the DEVDase. Characterization of the SI-activated caspase-1, 3, 6-like activities revealed that they exhibit activity within a very narrow ...
Local chromosome context is a major determinant of crossover
... Meiotic recombination pathways diverge after DSB formation and homolog-directed strand invasion. In budding yeast, about half of meiotic events form NCOs via synthesis-dependent strand annealing, a mechanism that does not involve stable recombination intermediates (Allers and Lichten, 2001a; McMahil ...
... Meiotic recombination pathways diverge after DSB formation and homolog-directed strand invasion. In budding yeast, about half of meiotic events form NCOs via synthesis-dependent strand annealing, a mechanism that does not involve stable recombination intermediates (Allers and Lichten, 2001a; McMahil ...
Nuclear Factor-κB Modulates the p53 Response in Neurons
... form by associating with an inhibitory protein of IB family (IB-␣, IB-, IB-⑀, IB-␥, and Bcl-3). This association sequesters NF-B in the cytoplasm. Activation of NF-B usually is achieved via phosphorylation of IB, followed by its degradation via a ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated degradation pa ...
... form by associating with an inhibitory protein of IB family (IB-␣, IB-, IB-⑀, IB-␥, and Bcl-3). This association sequesters NF-B in the cytoplasm. Activation of NF-B usually is achieved via phosphorylation of IB, followed by its degradation via a ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated degradation pa ...
foxQ2 evolved a key role in anterior head and central brain
... Tc-wg domain overlapped with Tc-foxQ2 expression (Fig. 5A). In contrast, we found complete overlap ...
... Tc-wg domain overlapped with Tc-foxQ2 expression (Fig. 5A). In contrast, we found complete overlap ...
Mechanical motion promotes expression of Prg4
... publication date (see http://genesdev.cshlp.org/site/misc/terms.xhtml). After six months, it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported), as described at http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. ...
... publication date (see http://genesdev.cshlp.org/site/misc/terms.xhtml). After six months, it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported), as described at http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. ...
Optic neuropathy and increased retinal glial fibrillary acidic protein
... to research extended IOP elevation. The anterior chamber of the right eye was injected with either 50 滋L microbeads or PBS ( =24/group) at days 0 and 21 (Figure 3). A first peak IOP value (23.83依1.14 mm Hg) was reached 15d after the first injection. A second peak (23.26依1.03 mm Hg) appeared at day 3 ...
... to research extended IOP elevation. The anterior chamber of the right eye was injected with either 50 滋L microbeads or PBS ( =24/group) at days 0 and 21 (Figure 3). A first peak IOP value (23.83依1.14 mm Hg) was reached 15d after the first injection. A second peak (23.26依1.03 mm Hg) appeared at day 3 ...
D-Alanine esterification of teichoic acids contributes to
... Metazoans establish complex interactions with their resident microorganisms for mutual benefits (Hooper and Gordon, 2001). When in homeostasis, these interactions contribute to different aspects of host physiology (McFall-Ngai et al., 2013). In the gut, microbial communities enhance digestive effici ...
... Metazoans establish complex interactions with their resident microorganisms for mutual benefits (Hooper and Gordon, 2001). When in homeostasis, these interactions contribute to different aspects of host physiology (McFall-Ngai et al., 2013). In the gut, microbial communities enhance digestive effici ...
Candidate Vaccine Neisseria meningitidis a to Genome
... Genome-derived neisserial Ag (GNA) 1870 is a meningococcal vaccine candidate that can be subdivided into three variants based on amino acid sequence variability. Variant group 1 accounts for ⬃60% of disease-producing group B isolates. The Ag went unrecognized until its discovery by genome mining bec ...
... Genome-derived neisserial Ag (GNA) 1870 is a meningococcal vaccine candidate that can be subdivided into three variants based on amino acid sequence variability. Variant group 1 accounts for ⬃60% of disease-producing group B isolates. The Ag went unrecognized until its discovery by genome mining bec ...
Disruption of morphogenesis and transformation of
... as abnormal suspensor mutants because they exhibited subtle defects in suspensor morphology. These two mutations were identified as alleles of sus2 only after they were mapped to the same position on chromosome 1 (Franzmann et al., 1994). Similarly, sus1-3 was recognized as an allele of sus1 only af ...
... as abnormal suspensor mutants because they exhibited subtle defects in suspensor morphology. These two mutations were identified as alleles of sus2 only after they were mapped to the same position on chromosome 1 (Franzmann et al., 1994). Similarly, sus1-3 was recognized as an allele of sus1 only af ...
Masking the Pathogen: Evolutionary Strategies of Fungi and Their
... two integral membrane polypeptides [44]. Completion of transport from the periplasm to the cell surface requires two other defining components: a PS co-polymerase family member and an outer membrane PS protein [45]. The repeat-unit PS structure is assembled through the action of glycosyltransferase ...
... two integral membrane polypeptides [44]. Completion of transport from the periplasm to the cell surface requires two other defining components: a PS co-polymerase family member and an outer membrane PS protein [45]. The repeat-unit PS structure is assembled through the action of glycosyltransferase ...
InterPro Presentation - European Bioinformatics Institute
... • Better at finding proteins with common function ...
... • Better at finding proteins with common function ...
Vocab smack-down
... • LISTEN/READ the correct answer on the board for EVERY question… • This game is to help you prepare for the test! • If you cannot keep yourselves under control, you will have an alternative assignment: • Write definitions/characteristics of cell organelles 3 times each! ...
... • LISTEN/READ the correct answer on the board for EVERY question… • This game is to help you prepare for the test! • If you cannot keep yourselves under control, you will have an alternative assignment: • Write definitions/characteristics of cell organelles 3 times each! ...
The mitochondrial compartment - Plant Mitochondrial dynamics
... Pcp1p genes are present in Arabidopsis: Mgm1p=members of the Arabidopsis dynamin-like gene family (Hong et al., 2003), the closest being DRP3B, At2g14120; Rbd1p/ Pcp1p=At1g18600. At the time of writing, only DRP3B has been shown to be required for normal mitochondrial morphology (Arimura and Tsutsum ...
... Pcp1p genes are present in Arabidopsis: Mgm1p=members of the Arabidopsis dynamin-like gene family (Hong et al., 2003), the closest being DRP3B, At2g14120; Rbd1p/ Pcp1p=At1g18600. At the time of writing, only DRP3B has been shown to be required for normal mitochondrial morphology (Arimura and Tsutsum ...