interactions between the glycosylated gag protein of a murine
... APOBEC proteins have evolved in mice and humans as potent innate defences against retroviral infections. APOBEC3G (hA3G) in humans and mouse APOBEC3 (mA3) deaminate cytidine in single-stranded DNA which ultimately results in hypermutation of newly synthesized proviral DNA. Other deaminase-independen ...
... APOBEC proteins have evolved in mice and humans as potent innate defences against retroviral infections. APOBEC3G (hA3G) in humans and mouse APOBEC3 (mA3) deaminate cytidine in single-stranded DNA which ultimately results in hypermutation of newly synthesized proviral DNA. Other deaminase-independen ...
Auxin and other signals on the move in plants
... in the course of many developmental processes. In plants, the distribution of substances can pose complications because the absence of blood and lymphatic streams limits the effective distribution of hormones, nutrients and metabolites. Therefore, plants rely on other transport mechanisms such as a ...
... in the course of many developmental processes. In plants, the distribution of substances can pose complications because the absence of blood and lymphatic streams limits the effective distribution of hormones, nutrients and metabolites. Therefore, plants rely on other transport mechanisms such as a ...
Developing Technology-Based Biology Assessments for Cell
... understand the big picture and how it all comes together. Organelles have specific functions, but they are interdependent. One organelle cannot function on its own; cells interact to work in order to keep the cell alive. Oftentimes, students believe that the nucleus controls every action or that eac ...
... understand the big picture and how it all comes together. Organelles have specific functions, but they are interdependent. One organelle cannot function on its own; cells interact to work in order to keep the cell alive. Oftentimes, students believe that the nucleus controls every action or that eac ...
Physical Interaction of Floral Organs Controls
... (Fig. 2, G–I). At this stage in fop1-1, petals were seen to have started folding (Fig. 2J), with the petal tip being in contact with the sepal surface (Fig. 2K) and contacted sepals at several sites (Fig. 2L). Before flower opening, epidermal cells of wild-type petals are covered with epicuticular na ...
... (Fig. 2, G–I). At this stage in fop1-1, petals were seen to have started folding (Fig. 2J), with the petal tip being in contact with the sepal surface (Fig. 2K) and contacted sepals at several sites (Fig. 2L). Before flower opening, epidermal cells of wild-type petals are covered with epicuticular na ...
The engrailed Locus of D. melanogaster Provides an Essential
... posterior compartments. Mutant phenotypes and expression of the gene have not been observed in anterior compartment cells. This discontinuous expression forms a zebra-like pattern of expressing and nonexpressing cells in embryos (Kornberg et al., 1985), and points to a role for engrailed as a molecu ...
... posterior compartments. Mutant phenotypes and expression of the gene have not been observed in anterior compartment cells. This discontinuous expression forms a zebra-like pattern of expressing and nonexpressing cells in embryos (Kornberg et al., 1985), and points to a role for engrailed as a molecu ...
Two-Component Systems of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as
... b) PhoP/PhoR is involved in diverse aspects of metabolic physiology and is required for virulence in Mtb. This TCS regulates genes associated with the ESX-1 secretion system and synthesis of virulence associated lipids (Frigui et al., 2008; Gonzalo-Asensio et al., 2008). Inactivation of phoP result ...
... b) PhoP/PhoR is involved in diverse aspects of metabolic physiology and is required for virulence in Mtb. This TCS regulates genes associated with the ESX-1 secretion system and synthesis of virulence associated lipids (Frigui et al., 2008; Gonzalo-Asensio et al., 2008). Inactivation of phoP result ...
Dynamics of lipoprotein transport in the human circulatory system
... lipid metabolism. Some are ligands for cell surface receptors, and determine the tissuespecific delivery of lipids. Some are cofactors for plasma lipases. Others regulate lipid reactions in the plasma, as competitive inhibitors of lipid uptake or metabolism (see table 3 in Chapter 18). It is the pro ...
... lipid metabolism. Some are ligands for cell surface receptors, and determine the tissuespecific delivery of lipids. Some are cofactors for plasma lipases. Others regulate lipid reactions in the plasma, as competitive inhibitors of lipid uptake or metabolism (see table 3 in Chapter 18). It is the pro ...
Mechanisms of transport through the Golgi complex
... Arf1 effector GMAP-210 is a member of the latter class. Originally identified by Rios, Bornens and colleagues, this protein localizes to the Golgi and is involved in Golgi organization (Infante et al., 1999; Rios et al., 2004). Strikingly, overexpression of GMAP-210 in mammalian cells causes the acc ...
... Arf1 effector GMAP-210 is a member of the latter class. Originally identified by Rios, Bornens and colleagues, this protein localizes to the Golgi and is involved in Golgi organization (Infante et al., 1999; Rios et al., 2004). Strikingly, overexpression of GMAP-210 in mammalian cells causes the acc ...
DIFFERENT MODES OF FLUORESCENTLY LABELED
... intracellular calcium signalling may have an important role in their release, such as in the release of glutamate (2), neuropeptides, such as atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) (3) and prostaglandins (4). It has been shown that the mechanism of glutamate and ANP release may involve exocytosis (3, 5-7) ...
... intracellular calcium signalling may have an important role in their release, such as in the release of glutamate (2), neuropeptides, such as atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) (3) and prostaglandins (4). It has been shown that the mechanism of glutamate and ANP release may involve exocytosis (3, 5-7) ...
Monolignol glucosides as intermediate compounds in
... synthesis of coniferin and a slow turnover of this compound (Marcinowski and Grisebach 1977). The concentration of coniferin in differentiating xylem of Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) is highest at the beginning of May, before the most active lignifying season, June and July, and there ...
... synthesis of coniferin and a slow turnover of this compound (Marcinowski and Grisebach 1977). The concentration of coniferin in differentiating xylem of Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) is highest at the beginning of May, before the most active lignifying season, June and July, and there ...
abbs.info - Semantic Scholar
... A lectin with a novel N-terminal amino acid sequence was purified from the rhizomes of Aspidistra elatior Blume by ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-Sepharose and carboxymethyl-Sepharose and gel filtration chromatography on Sephacryl S-100. The A. elat ...
... A lectin with a novel N-terminal amino acid sequence was purified from the rhizomes of Aspidistra elatior Blume by ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-Sepharose and carboxymethyl-Sepharose and gel filtration chromatography on Sephacryl S-100. The A. elat ...
DMD # 35568 - Drug Metabolism and Disposition
... DMD Fast Forward. Published on August 24, 2010 as DOI: 10.1124/dmd.110.035568 This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. ...
... DMD Fast Forward. Published on August 24, 2010 as DOI: 10.1124/dmd.110.035568 This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. ...
Localization of Laminin B1 mRNA in Retinal Ganglion Cells by In
... present at the internal limiting membrane early during retinal development when major axonal outgrowth occurs (McLoon, 1984; Adler et al., 1985). Although laminin is likely to be involved in the growth of retinal ganglion cell axons, the cells that synthesize and secrete laminin in the retina remain ...
... present at the internal limiting membrane early during retinal development when major axonal outgrowth occurs (McLoon, 1984; Adler et al., 1985). Although laminin is likely to be involved in the growth of retinal ganglion cell axons, the cells that synthesize and secrete laminin in the retina remain ...
as a PDF
... Yano et al., 2003). These findings suggest that the early step of the gravitropism occurring in the endodermis is impaired in the mutants. They still retain, however, the ability for the latter steps, signal formation in the gravity perceptive cell, intracellular and intercellular signal transductio ...
... Yano et al., 2003). These findings suggest that the early step of the gravitropism occurring in the endodermis is impaired in the mutants. They still retain, however, the ability for the latter steps, signal formation in the gravity perceptive cell, intracellular and intercellular signal transductio ...
Termination of translation: interplay of mRNA, rRNAs and release
... programmed with UAA or UAG, but not with UGA (Kervestin et al., 2001). Since protein synthesis carried out in vivo with these ribosomes is terminated at any one of the canonical stop codons, it must be eRF1, rather than a ribosomal component, that is responsible for the speci®c decoding of stop sign ...
... programmed with UAA or UAG, but not with UGA (Kervestin et al., 2001). Since protein synthesis carried out in vivo with these ribosomes is terminated at any one of the canonical stop codons, it must be eRF1, rather than a ribosomal component, that is responsible for the speci®c decoding of stop sign ...
The role of the NKG2D receptor for tumor immunity
... adaptors. Mouse NKG2D can associate with two distinct adaptors DAP-10 and DAP-12/KARAP [6], while human NKG2D exclusively uses DAP-10 [7,8]. Association with these adaptors occurs non-covalently, via oppositely charged amino acids in the respective transmembrane domains [6,7]. Differential adaptor a ...
... adaptors. Mouse NKG2D can associate with two distinct adaptors DAP-10 and DAP-12/KARAP [6], while human NKG2D exclusively uses DAP-10 [7,8]. Association with these adaptors occurs non-covalently, via oppositely charged amino acids in the respective transmembrane domains [6,7]. Differential adaptor a ...
the physiology of mechanoelectrical transduction channels in hearing
... cochlea (72, 196). The shaft of each component stereocilium is buttressed by a core of actin filaments that are crossbridged by a number of proteins including plastin-1 and fascin-2 (the two most abundant; Ref. 226) and espin (277), and extend from its very top to the narrowed ankle region; only a f ...
... cochlea (72, 196). The shaft of each component stereocilium is buttressed by a core of actin filaments that are crossbridged by a number of proteins including plastin-1 and fascin-2 (the two most abundant; Ref. 226) and espin (277), and extend from its very top to the narrowed ankle region; only a f ...
Chloroplast anchoring: its implications for the
... There have been a couple of reports examining a possible causal relationship between actin organization and the motility and/or positioning of chloroplasts (Takagi, 2000). In protonemal cells of a fern, Adiantum capillus-veneris, circular arrays of actin filaments associated with each chloroplast ap ...
... There have been a couple of reports examining a possible causal relationship between actin organization and the motility and/or positioning of chloroplasts (Takagi, 2000). In protonemal cells of a fern, Adiantum capillus-veneris, circular arrays of actin filaments associated with each chloroplast ap ...
reproduction and bacterial symbiosis in
... CHAPTER Il. A study of sexual reproduction in four Caribbean commercial sponge species. 1. Oogenesis, transfer of bacterial symbionts, and larval development, behaviour, settlement and metamorphosis. Table 1: Results of the discriminant analysis ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 56 Table 2: Results of the p ...
... CHAPTER Il. A study of sexual reproduction in four Caribbean commercial sponge species. 1. Oogenesis, transfer of bacterial symbionts, and larval development, behaviour, settlement and metamorphosis. Table 1: Results of the discriminant analysis ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 56 Table 2: Results of the p ...
pdf file - John Innes Centre
... Membrane and cytoplasmic fractions were prepared as described previously (14), and membrane fractions were subjected to two high-salt washes (600 mM NaCl) prior to analysis. Analysis of Intracellular 2-OG—Overnight cultures grown in M9Gln medium at 30 °C were subjected to ammonium shock. Portions of ...
... Membrane and cytoplasmic fractions were prepared as described previously (14), and membrane fractions were subjected to two high-salt washes (600 mM NaCl) prior to analysis. Analysis of Intracellular 2-OG—Overnight cultures grown in M9Gln medium at 30 °C were subjected to ammonium shock. Portions of ...
Plasma membrane HATPase regulation is required for auxin
... from AUX1/LAX for the following reasons: (i) A previous study showed that phototropism in the aux1lax1lax3 triple mutant is not significantly different from the wild-type (Christie et al, 2011), (ii) this triple mutant lacks the expression of AUX1 and LAX3, which were the most highly expressed membe ...
... from AUX1/LAX for the following reasons: (i) A previous study showed that phototropism in the aux1lax1lax3 triple mutant is not significantly different from the wild-type (Christie et al, 2011), (ii) this triple mutant lacks the expression of AUX1 and LAX3, which were the most highly expressed membe ...
The Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis
... DMI2/MtSYM2 gene (14) but activation of this gene by diffusible AM fungal factors is not DMIdependent (47), suggesting that different Myc factors may activate MtENOD11 through different molecular pathways. Signal transduction-related gene activation by appressoria and diffusible fungal molecules is ...
... DMI2/MtSYM2 gene (14) but activation of this gene by diffusible AM fungal factors is not DMIdependent (47), suggesting that different Myc factors may activate MtENOD11 through different molecular pathways. Signal transduction-related gene activation by appressoria and diffusible fungal molecules is ...
Fighting Viral Infections and Virus
... HIV-1 (26). Indeed, in vivo models of influenza revealed the presence of CD4+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity also in response to acute infection and showed the presence of both CD27+ and CD27− CD4+ granzyme+ T cells in the lung, while chronic infection with γ-herpes virus may further differentiate CD ...
... HIV-1 (26). Indeed, in vivo models of influenza revealed the presence of CD4+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity also in response to acute infection and showed the presence of both CD27+ and CD27− CD4+ granzyme+ T cells in the lung, while chronic infection with γ-herpes virus may further differentiate CD ...
Direct Evidence of Active and Rapid Nuclear
... fluorescence in some chloroplasts appeared in this focal plane. The green fluorescence in the cytoplasm disappeared probably because the emission spectra of fluorescein changed following vacuole rupture (see “Discussion”). c, Nuclear fluorescence started decreasing from the central region (6 min aft ...
... fluorescence in some chloroplasts appeared in this focal plane. The green fluorescence in the cytoplasm disappeared probably because the emission spectra of fluorescein changed following vacuole rupture (see “Discussion”). c, Nuclear fluorescence started decreasing from the central region (6 min aft ...
Xyloglucan, galactomannan, glucuronoxylan, and
... anchors and supports the plant body and may also store the products of photosynthesis and other nutrients (Raven et al. 2005). Roots contain anatomically and developmentally diverse cells from epidermal, endodermal, pericycle, cortex and vascular tissues (Raven et al. 2005). These cells are capable ...
... anchors and supports the plant body and may also store the products of photosynthesis and other nutrients (Raven et al. 2005). Roots contain anatomically and developmentally diverse cells from epidermal, endodermal, pericycle, cortex and vascular tissues (Raven et al. 2005). These cells are capable ...