Wnt-7a maintains appropriate uterine patterning
... Accepted 8 June; published on WWW 21 July 1998 ...
... Accepted 8 June; published on WWW 21 July 1998 ...
Intermediary Metabolism and Life-History Trade
... from the other blocks. Lines were close to being pure breeding (i.e., producing 195% of the selected morph) when experiments were conducted, and they were the same lines used in previous studies of lipid metabolism and lifehistory evolution (Zera and Bottsford 2001; Zera and Cisper 2001; Zhao and Ze ...
... from the other blocks. Lines were close to being pure breeding (i.e., producing 195% of the selected morph) when experiments were conducted, and they were the same lines used in previous studies of lipid metabolism and lifehistory evolution (Zera and Bottsford 2001; Zera and Cisper 2001; Zhao and Ze ...
How do potentials derived from structural databases relate to true
... In summary, problems apparently exist in both of the potential derivation methods. The derived potentials and the true potentials correlate to some extent, but it is not simply a linear relationship, as expected previously, Consequently, it is necessary to examine the relationship between the derive ...
... In summary, problems apparently exist in both of the potential derivation methods. The derived potentials and the true potentials correlate to some extent, but it is not simply a linear relationship, as expected previously, Consequently, it is necessary to examine the relationship between the derive ...
Light-Related Photosynthetic Gene Expression and Enzyme Activity
... (psaA, rbcL) genes in E. chlorotica were quantified 1 hr before and 1 hr after illumination. In contrast to V. litorea, expression of the nuclear gene prk was ...
... (psaA, rbcL) genes in E. chlorotica were quantified 1 hr before and 1 hr after illumination. In contrast to V. litorea, expression of the nuclear gene prk was ...
Actin branching in the initiation and maintenance of lamellipodia
... different modes of motile activity (Koestler et al, 2008). Here we focus on wide lamellipodia undergoing constant treadmilling or protrusion. Since fish keratocytes have been used as a model of persistent lamellipodia protrusion (Svitkina et al, 1997; Urban et al, 2010) we reinvestigated these cells ...
... different modes of motile activity (Koestler et al, 2008). Here we focus on wide lamellipodia undergoing constant treadmilling or protrusion. Since fish keratocytes have been used as a model of persistent lamellipodia protrusion (Svitkina et al, 1997; Urban et al, 2010) we reinvestigated these cells ...
distribution of microtubules in the golgi apparatus of euglena gracilis
... cannot be seen in most electron-microscopical preparations and cannot be selectively extracted, nor recognized when isolated. Moreover, constituents like intercisternal fibres (Mollenhauer, 1965; Turner & Whaley, 1965) and bonding plaques (Mollenhauer & Morre, 1973), have so far been demonstrated on ...
... cannot be seen in most electron-microscopical preparations and cannot be selectively extracted, nor recognized when isolated. Moreover, constituents like intercisternal fibres (Mollenhauer, 1965; Turner & Whaley, 1965) and bonding plaques (Mollenhauer & Morre, 1973), have so far been demonstrated on ...
TGF-beta SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION - University of Colorado-MCDB
... fascinating array of cellular processes including cell proliferation, lineage determination, differentiation, motility, adhesion, and death. Expressed in complex temporal and tissue-specific patterns, TGF-β and related factors play a prominent role in the development, homeostasis, and repair of virt ...
... fascinating array of cellular processes including cell proliferation, lineage determination, differentiation, motility, adhesion, and death. Expressed in complex temporal and tissue-specific patterns, TGF-β and related factors play a prominent role in the development, homeostasis, and repair of virt ...
Gut microbiota translocation to the pancreatic lymph nodes
... naive C57BL/6 mice, which are susceptible to STZ-induced diabetes, demonstrating another sign of an autoimmune response in this model (Elias et al., 1994). Although there have been many studies examining the final effector mechanisms of adaptive immunity in T1D, relatively little information exists ...
... naive C57BL/6 mice, which are susceptible to STZ-induced diabetes, demonstrating another sign of an autoimmune response in this model (Elias et al., 1994). Although there have been many studies examining the final effector mechanisms of adaptive immunity in T1D, relatively little information exists ...
Chromosome Organization and Dynamics during Interphase, Mitosis
... Chromosomes are key building blocks of eukaryotic genomes. Studies on chromosome organization and dynamics not only address questions of how chromosomes behave and what mechanisms control this behavior but also examine how chromosome organization and dynamics affect gene expression and genome mainte ...
... Chromosomes are key building blocks of eukaryotic genomes. Studies on chromosome organization and dynamics not only address questions of how chromosomes behave and what mechanisms control this behavior but also examine how chromosome organization and dynamics affect gene expression and genome mainte ...
Glycolytic Enzymes Associate Dynamically with
... addition of KCN, an inhibitor of complex IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (Villani and Attardi, 2007), or increased by the addition of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), a proton ionophore that uncouples mitochondrial electron transport from ATP synthesis (Felle and Bentrup, 1 ...
... addition of KCN, an inhibitor of complex IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (Villani and Attardi, 2007), or increased by the addition of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), a proton ionophore that uncouples mitochondrial electron transport from ATP synthesis (Felle and Bentrup, 1 ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Additionally, the cell pattern in the meristem was abnormal when compared with WT. An abnormal cell arrangement in the QC region was also observed (Figure 2h1–i2). To determine the QC identity of the mutant, the GUS reporter gene controlled by the QHB promoter (Kamiya et al., 2003b) was transformed ...
... Additionally, the cell pattern in the meristem was abnormal when compared with WT. An abnormal cell arrangement in the QC region was also observed (Figure 2h1–i2). To determine the QC identity of the mutant, the GUS reporter gene controlled by the QHB promoter (Kamiya et al., 2003b) was transformed ...
Maternal macho-1 is an intrinsic factor that makes cell
... Fig. 1. Fate specification in the vegetal hemisphere of ascidian embryos. (A-C) Endoderm (En)-lineage cells are yellow. Mesenchyme (Mes)-lineage cells are shown in green and muscle (Mus)-lineage cells in red. Notochord (Not)- and nerve cord (NC)lineage cells are pink and purple, respectively. (A) Ta ...
... Fig. 1. Fate specification in the vegetal hemisphere of ascidian embryos. (A-C) Endoderm (En)-lineage cells are yellow. Mesenchyme (Mes)-lineage cells are shown in green and muscle (Mus)-lineage cells in red. Notochord (Not)- and nerve cord (NC)lineage cells are pink and purple, respectively. (A) Ta ...
Regulation of Natural Killer and CD4 T cell function by
... Activation of NK cell functions is controlled by the balance between inhibitory and activating signals. As mentioned, engagement of inhibitory receptors on NK cells by self MHC-I molecules allows recognition of normal cells and prevents autoreactivity. Downmodulation of MHC-I may happen in tumors an ...
... Activation of NK cell functions is controlled by the balance between inhibitory and activating signals. As mentioned, engagement of inhibitory receptors on NK cells by self MHC-I molecules allows recognition of normal cells and prevents autoreactivity. Downmodulation of MHC-I may happen in tumors an ...
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... mammalian cofilin genes, only cofilin 1 (Cfl1) is essential for embryonic development. Homozygous Cfl1 null embryos die at mid-gestation [approximately embryonic day (E) 10.0] with an open cranial neural tube (Gurniak et al., 2005). Sequence changes in human CFL1 have also been associated with an in ...
... mammalian cofilin genes, only cofilin 1 (Cfl1) is essential for embryonic development. Homozygous Cfl1 null embryos die at mid-gestation [approximately embryonic day (E) 10.0] with an open cranial neural tube (Gurniak et al., 2005). Sequence changes in human CFL1 have also been associated with an in ...
Dominant-Negative Receptor Uncovers
... expression patterns, and molecular identity of ERECTA as an LRR-RLK support the notion that ERECTA mediates yet to be identified cell-to-cell signaling pathways that coordinate shoot organ growth. To understand how ERECTA regulates organ growth, it is essential to elucidate its modes of action as a ...
... expression patterns, and molecular identity of ERECTA as an LRR-RLK support the notion that ERECTA mediates yet to be identified cell-to-cell signaling pathways that coordinate shoot organ growth. To understand how ERECTA regulates organ growth, it is essential to elucidate its modes of action as a ...
Species-Specific Activity of SIV Nef and HIV-1 Vpu
... Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: [email protected] . These authors contributed equally to this study. ...
... Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: [email protected] . These authors contributed equally to this study. ...
della protein function during differential growth - RiuNet
... Pioneering studies during the 19th century demonstrated that plant growth processes were regulated by “substances” with a capacity to move from one part of the plant to another. Today, more than one hundred years later, most of these substances have been identified as small molecules derived from se ...
... Pioneering studies during the 19th century demonstrated that plant growth processes were regulated by “substances” with a capacity to move from one part of the plant to another. Today, more than one hundred years later, most of these substances have been identified as small molecules derived from se ...
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... Probes) and 0.4% Fast Green in 0.2 M KCl until they were observed to lyse. To mark the leading edge of the germinal bands in these and control embryos, both N teloblasts were injected shortly after birth with the standard mixture of TRDA and Fast Green. Embryos were then fixed and silver stained at ...
... Probes) and 0.4% Fast Green in 0.2 M KCl until they were observed to lyse. To mark the leading edge of the germinal bands in these and control embryos, both N teloblasts were injected shortly after birth with the standard mixture of TRDA and Fast Green. Embryos were then fixed and silver stained at ...
Functions of mammalian microRNA in innate immunity to microbial
... MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a class of small noncoding RNAs of ~ 22 nucleotides in size that act as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in many eukaryotes. ...
... MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a class of small noncoding RNAs of ~ 22 nucleotides in size that act as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in many eukaryotes. ...
by 3AB and 3ABC trans Complemented in Formation, and the
... P3 region and the sequence was verified by the dideoxynucleotide method. To prepare P3 plasmids mutated at two cleavage sites, the cDNA containing a single nucleotide change was mutated at the second site by the same procedure. To construct mutated full-length HAV genomes, the P3 region of pT7-18f ( ...
... P3 region and the sequence was verified by the dideoxynucleotide method. To prepare P3 plasmids mutated at two cleavage sites, the cDNA containing a single nucleotide change was mutated at the second site by the same procedure. To construct mutated full-length HAV genomes, the P3 region of pT7-18f ( ...
The Spemann Organizer Signal noggin Binds and
... 1 mg/ml of a Xenopus gastrula extract as nonspecific competitor (Figure 2). Beads were washed and analyzed by Western blot for myc immunoreactivity. BMP4-myc was observed to associate with noggin-coated beads but not mock-coupled beads. Use of either gastrula extract or bovine serum albumin (BSA) at ...
... 1 mg/ml of a Xenopus gastrula extract as nonspecific competitor (Figure 2). Beads were washed and analyzed by Western blot for myc immunoreactivity. BMP4-myc was observed to associate with noggin-coated beads but not mock-coupled beads. Use of either gastrula extract or bovine serum albumin (BSA) at ...
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... germs, we performed qRT-PCR on control and K14Cre;pNog tooth germs at E12.5 and E13.5. The results showed that the relative Nog levels in transgenic tooth were rather constant at both stages, but the endogenous Nog level in controls was much higher at E13.5 than E12.5 (Fig. 2A). To determine which B ...
... germs, we performed qRT-PCR on control and K14Cre;pNog tooth germs at E12.5 and E13.5. The results showed that the relative Nog levels in transgenic tooth were rather constant at both stages, but the endogenous Nog level in controls was much higher at E13.5 than E12.5 (Fig. 2A). To determine which B ...
Intracellular trafficking of GO
... may be expressed as a homodimer in its physiological state (15). At least in myeloid cell lines – expression in primary cells has not been studied – a shorter isoform lacking exon 2, which encodes the V-set domain, has been identified, but it is unknown whether this splice isoform is expressed on th ...
... may be expressed as a homodimer in its physiological state (15). At least in myeloid cell lines – expression in primary cells has not been studied – a shorter isoform lacking exon 2, which encodes the V-set domain, has been identified, but it is unknown whether this splice isoform is expressed on th ...
Location and Size of Dopaminergic and Serotonergic Cell
... nigra (SN), ventral tegmental area (VTA), and retrorubral field (RrF) project to the striatum, cortex, and nucleus accumbens (Björklund and Lindvall, 1984). They modulate a variety of functions, such as movement, rewarding, cognition, and feeding (Zhou and Palmiter, 1995; Cooper et al., 2001). A dy ...
... nigra (SN), ventral tegmental area (VTA), and retrorubral field (RrF) project to the striatum, cortex, and nucleus accumbens (Björklund and Lindvall, 1984). They modulate a variety of functions, such as movement, rewarding, cognition, and feeding (Zhou and Palmiter, 1995; Cooper et al., 2001). A dy ...
Article - Andrej Sali
... et al., 2006; Selmer et al., 2006; Schuwirth et al., 2005). In addition, structures of programmed bacterial ribosomes have defined a path for the translocation of mRNA and tRNAs through the intersubunit space (Yusupova et al., 2001, 2006; Korostelev et al., 2006; Selmer et al., 2006; Berk et al., 20 ...
... et al., 2006; Selmer et al., 2006; Schuwirth et al., 2005). In addition, structures of programmed bacterial ribosomes have defined a path for the translocation of mRNA and tRNAs through the intersubunit space (Yusupova et al., 2001, 2006; Korostelev et al., 2006; Selmer et al., 2006; Berk et al., 20 ...