Chloroplast envelope membranes: a dynamic interface between
... specifically increases (Härtel et al. 1998, 2000; Klaus et al. 2002), and furthermore, that DGDG is present not only in plastid membranes but also in several membranes disconnected from plastid membranes: in the plasma membrane (Andersson et al. 2003), in the mitochondrial membranes (Jouhet et al. 2 ...
... specifically increases (Härtel et al. 1998, 2000; Klaus et al. 2002), and furthermore, that DGDG is present not only in plastid membranes but also in several membranes disconnected from plastid membranes: in the plasma membrane (Andersson et al. 2003), in the mitochondrial membranes (Jouhet et al. 2 ...
Adiponectin - Pomona College
... from white and brown adipose tissue. Composed of 247 amino acids. Accounts for 0.05 % of total serum protein. Concentration: 2~20 μg/mL in the blood ...
... from white and brown adipose tissue. Composed of 247 amino acids. Accounts for 0.05 % of total serum protein. Concentration: 2~20 μg/mL in the blood ...
New insights into root gravitropic signalling
... and proteins belonging to the endoplasmic reticulum or the plasma membrane may be involved in the graviperception. This hypothesis is based on observations in rhizoids of the green algae Chara. As the rhizoids are single cells, the gravity perception and its response both occur in the same cell. In ...
... and proteins belonging to the endoplasmic reticulum or the plasma membrane may be involved in the graviperception. This hypothesis is based on observations in rhizoids of the green algae Chara. As the rhizoids are single cells, the gravity perception and its response both occur in the same cell. In ...
Plant Cell, 20, 1623-1638. - McGill Biology
... to the lower portion of the cell (Figure 1C). The nucleus and starch granules were positioned in the upper portion of the cytoplasmic column. Interestingly, microtubules were seen lining the membrane on the cytosolic side of the mucilage pocket but not in other regions of the cell (McFarlane et al., ...
... to the lower portion of the cell (Figure 1C). The nucleus and starch granules were positioned in the upper portion of the cytoplasmic column. Interestingly, microtubules were seen lining the membrane on the cytosolic side of the mucilage pocket but not in other regions of the cell (McFarlane et al., ...
Analysis of the Golgi Apparatus in Arabidopsis Seed
... to the lower portion of the cell (Figure 1C). The nucleus and starch granules were positioned in the upper portion of the cytoplasmic column. Interestingly, microtubules were seen lining the membrane on the cytosolic side of the mucilage pocket but not in other regions of the cell (McFarlane et al., ...
... to the lower portion of the cell (Figure 1C). The nucleus and starch granules were positioned in the upper portion of the cytoplasmic column. Interestingly, microtubules were seen lining the membrane on the cytosolic side of the mucilage pocket but not in other regions of the cell (McFarlane et al., ...
Endosomes/Lysosomes in Macrophages Fusion between
... Copyright © 2004 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. ...
... Copyright © 2004 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. ...
Bone morphogenetic protein 4: a ventralizing factor
... mature activin A protein, and the second to the C-terminal region (Fig. 1C). DNA to be amplified was Xenopus genomic DNA (1 fA of 1 mg ml" 1 DNA) or cDNA made from poly(A)+ RNA derived from the Xenopus XTC cell line (5 /d of reaction product from a reverse transcription reaction using 3 ng poly(A)+ ...
... mature activin A protein, and the second to the C-terminal region (Fig. 1C). DNA to be amplified was Xenopus genomic DNA (1 fA of 1 mg ml" 1 DNA) or cDNA made from poly(A)+ RNA derived from the Xenopus XTC cell line (5 /d of reaction product from a reverse transcription reaction using 3 ng poly(A)+ ...
Chromosome Organization and Dynamics during Interphase, Mitosis
... Chromosomes are key building blocks of eukaryotic genomes. Studies on chromosome organization and dynamics not only address questions of how chromosomes behave and what mechanisms control this behavior but also examine how chromosome organization and dynamics affect gene expression and genome mainte ...
... Chromosomes are key building blocks of eukaryotic genomes. Studies on chromosome organization and dynamics not only address questions of how chromosomes behave and what mechanisms control this behavior but also examine how chromosome organization and dynamics affect gene expression and genome mainte ...
Pathogenesis in tuberculosis: transcriptomic
... peptide synthetases. Mycobactins and exochelins are produced by saprophytic mycobacteria, whereas mycobactins are produced only by pathogenic mycobacteria. Pathogenic mycobacteria like M. tuberculosis, produce mainly two types of mycobactins, the lipophilic mycobactins that remain cell-associated, a ...
... peptide synthetases. Mycobactins and exochelins are produced by saprophytic mycobacteria, whereas mycobactins are produced only by pathogenic mycobacteria. Pathogenic mycobacteria like M. tuberculosis, produce mainly two types of mycobactins, the lipophilic mycobactins that remain cell-associated, a ...
Wood - 2010 - Nat Rev Genet
... Mitotic cohesin complexes contain a heterodimer of Smc1 and Smc3, the non-SMC subunit sister chromatid cohesion 3 (Scc3), and the α-kleisin subunit Scc1. In most organisms, meiotic cohesin complexes contain the alternative α-kleisin Rec8 instead of Scc1. In some organisms, meiotic cohesin complexes ...
... Mitotic cohesin complexes contain a heterodimer of Smc1 and Smc3, the non-SMC subunit sister chromatid cohesion 3 (Scc3), and the α-kleisin subunit Scc1. In most organisms, meiotic cohesin complexes contain the alternative α-kleisin Rec8 instead of Scc1. In some organisms, meiotic cohesin complexes ...
Manipulation of Epitope Function by Modification of Peptide
... epitope recognised by the protein specific monoclonal antibody (MAb 996) within the PTTTP ITTTTTVTPTPTPTGTQT tandem repeat unit of MUC2 glycoprotein is the 19TGTQ22 sequence. However, for optimal binding the 16PTPTGTQ22 sequence is required.5 We have studied the influence of -amino acid substitutio ...
... epitope recognised by the protein specific monoclonal antibody (MAb 996) within the PTTTP ITTTTTVTPTPTPTGTQT tandem repeat unit of MUC2 glycoprotein is the 19TGTQ22 sequence. However, for optimal binding the 16PTPTGTQ22 sequence is required.5 We have studied the influence of -amino acid substitutio ...
Keeping the immune system in check: a role for mitophagy
... To date, several effectors of mitophagy have been identified in mammalian cells including the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) receptors NIX1,10 BNIP3,11 and FUNDC1,12 the Parkinson’s disease proteins PINK1 and Parkin,13–15 and the ubiquitin ligases Gp78,16 Smurf1,17 and Mul1.18 Furthermore, cardio ...
... To date, several effectors of mitophagy have been identified in mammalian cells including the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) receptors NIX1,10 BNIP3,11 and FUNDC1,12 the Parkinson’s disease proteins PINK1 and Parkin,13–15 and the ubiquitin ligases Gp78,16 Smurf1,17 and Mul1.18 Furthermore, cardio ...
The origin of biological information and programmed protein synthesis
... protein synthesis, nor an explanation for the association and coordinated actions of the small and large subunits. Due to the redundancy of codon recognition, this type of polymerization would have a mutation rate up to 30% that is much greater than the minimum replication fidelity (<1%) required to ...
... protein synthesis, nor an explanation for the association and coordinated actions of the small and large subunits. Due to the redundancy of codon recognition, this type of polymerization would have a mutation rate up to 30% that is much greater than the minimum replication fidelity (<1%) required to ...
Direct detection of ligand–protein interaction using AFM
... Functions in living organisms depend on physical phenomena. One of them, adhesion occurs between an enormous number of different proteins. The physical contact enables cells to resist and transmit mechanical forces and to maintain the integrity of tissues and the whole organism. Moreover, cells use ...
... Functions in living organisms depend on physical phenomena. One of them, adhesion occurs between an enormous number of different proteins. The physical contact enables cells to resist and transmit mechanical forces and to maintain the integrity of tissues and the whole organism. Moreover, cells use ...
Dopamine transporter: involvement in selective dopaminergic
... and it is believed to control the intensity and duration of DAergic neurotransmission by setting the concentration of DA in the extracellular space. Depending on cellular conditions, DAT is able to transport DA bi-directionally, but at normal membrane potential and Naþ gradient the inward transport ...
... and it is believed to control the intensity and duration of DAergic neurotransmission by setting the concentration of DA in the extracellular space. Depending on cellular conditions, DAT is able to transport DA bi-directionally, but at normal membrane potential and Naþ gradient the inward transport ...
Hox Genes and Segmentation of the Hindbrain and Axial Skeleton
... somites. Other features include the developing eye (E), otic vesicle (OV), branchial arches (BA1, BA2), forelimb (FL) and presomitic mesoderm (PSM). (c) Hox genes in the mammal are organized into four clusters (Hoxa, Hoxb, Hoxc, and Hoxd ) that are arrayed on separate chromosomes. Within each cluste ...
... somites. Other features include the developing eye (E), otic vesicle (OV), branchial arches (BA1, BA2), forelimb (FL) and presomitic mesoderm (PSM). (c) Hox genes in the mammal are organized into four clusters (Hoxa, Hoxb, Hoxc, and Hoxd ) that are arrayed on separate chromosomes. Within each cluste ...
Secretion-Defective Mutations in the Signal Sequence for Saccharomyces cerevisiae Invertase.
... identified by restriction digestion analysis. When these mutant plasmids were introduced into yeast cells, three of them (suc2-321, suc2-331, and suc2-301) expressed beta-galactosidase activity. DNA sequence analysis of each of these plasmids showed that all had short deletions within the SUC2 signa ...
... identified by restriction digestion analysis. When these mutant plasmids were introduced into yeast cells, three of them (suc2-321, suc2-331, and suc2-301) expressed beta-galactosidase activity. DNA sequence analysis of each of these plasmids showed that all had short deletions within the SUC2 signa ...
Telomeres do the (un)twist: helicase actions at chromosome termini
... archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. ...
... archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. ...
Hox genes, neural crest cells and branchial arch patterning Paul A
... plate and surface ectoderm, cranial neural crest cells form nerve, ganglia, cartilage, bone and connective tissue. Many craniofacial malformations are therefore largely attributable to defects in the proliferation, migration or differentiation of this cell population. Transpositions of neural folds ...
... plate and surface ectoderm, cranial neural crest cells form nerve, ganglia, cartilage, bone and connective tissue. Many craniofacial malformations are therefore largely attributable to defects in the proliferation, migration or differentiation of this cell population. Transpositions of neural folds ...
Diarch Symmetry of the Vascular Bundle in
... However, considering its lateral root-forming competence, the pericycle is composed of two different cell types, with one subset of cells being associated with the xylem, showing strong competence to initiate cell division, whereas another group of cells, associated with the phloem, appears to remai ...
... However, considering its lateral root-forming competence, the pericycle is composed of two different cell types, with one subset of cells being associated with the xylem, showing strong competence to initiate cell division, whereas another group of cells, associated with the phloem, appears to remai ...
mechanisms regulating neuromuscular junction development and
... (SMA) or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)], to impaired myelination of the peripheral nerve [e.g., Charcot-Marie Tooth (CMT)], or to malfunctioning of the postsynaptic skeletal muscle fiber (e.g., muscular dystrophies). Severe forms of all these diseases are life-threatening, but fortunately, the ...
... (SMA) or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)], to impaired myelination of the peripheral nerve [e.g., Charcot-Marie Tooth (CMT)], or to malfunctioning of the postsynaptic skeletal muscle fiber (e.g., muscular dystrophies). Severe forms of all these diseases are life-threatening, but fortunately, the ...
Exocytosis acts as a modulator of the ILT4
... two other well-known receptors for HLA-G, was also assessed. As shown in Table 1 and Fig. 1A, neither ILT2 nor KIR2DL4 were expressed on neutrophils. The myelomonoblast PLB-985 cell line is considered as an appropriate model to generate neutrophil-like cells upon differentiation with Dimethylformami ...
... two other well-known receptors for HLA-G, was also assessed. As shown in Table 1 and Fig. 1A, neither ILT2 nor KIR2DL4 were expressed on neutrophils. The myelomonoblast PLB-985 cell line is considered as an appropriate model to generate neutrophil-like cells upon differentiation with Dimethylformami ...
Nociceptor and Hair Cell Transducer Properties of TRPA1, a
... form the mechanosensory organelle. Models of mechanotransduction, supported by ample physiological and anatomical evidence, imply the presence of one or two mechanosensory channel complexes at or near the top of each stereocilia, connected with each other via an extracellular structure called the ti ...
... form the mechanosensory organelle. Models of mechanotransduction, supported by ample physiological and anatomical evidence, imply the presence of one or two mechanosensory channel complexes at or near the top of each stereocilia, connected with each other via an extracellular structure called the ti ...
... Due to its potential as a food source and the limited production in South America, quinoa is now being introduced in Europe, North America, Africa and Asia (Bhargava et al., 2006). This has contributed to its popularization, especially in developing countries, as an alternative food source. It is an ...
The journey of developing hematopoietic stem cells
... regulate key properties of definitive HSCs, a safer approach to generating HSCs for therapeutic applications would be to provide the appropriate signals from the environment where HSCs develop. In order to generate HSCs from ES cells, hematopoietic precursors have to go through the same developmenta ...
... regulate key properties of definitive HSCs, a safer approach to generating HSCs for therapeutic applications would be to provide the appropriate signals from the environment where HSCs develop. In order to generate HSCs from ES cells, hematopoietic precursors have to go through the same developmenta ...