... Due to its potential as a food source and the limited production in South America, quinoa is now being introduced in Europe, North America, Africa and Asia (Bhargava et al., 2006). This has contributed to its popularization, especially in developing countries, as an alternative food source. It is an ...
The journey of developing hematopoietic stem cells
... regulate key properties of definitive HSCs, a safer approach to generating HSCs for therapeutic applications would be to provide the appropriate signals from the environment where HSCs develop. In order to generate HSCs from ES cells, hematopoietic precursors have to go through the same developmenta ...
... regulate key properties of definitive HSCs, a safer approach to generating HSCs for therapeutic applications would be to provide the appropriate signals from the environment where HSCs develop. In order to generate HSCs from ES cells, hematopoietic precursors have to go through the same developmenta ...
Amyloplasts and Vacuolar Membrane Dynamics in
... Yano et al., 2003). These findings suggest that the early step of the gravitropism occurring in the endodermis is impaired in the mutants. They still retain, however, the ability for the latter steps, signal formation in the gravity perceptive cell, intracellular and intercellular signal transductio ...
... Yano et al., 2003). These findings suggest that the early step of the gravitropism occurring in the endodermis is impaired in the mutants. They still retain, however, the ability for the latter steps, signal formation in the gravity perceptive cell, intracellular and intercellular signal transductio ...
Zinc, cadmium and lead resistance mechanisms in bacteria
... resistance to toxic metals Pb2+, Cd2+ and Ag+. The direction of transport of CPxtype ATPases is mostly to the periplasm without further transport from the periplasm to the outside. The substrates in vivo are likely metal-thiolate complexes rather than the free metals (Sharma et al., 2000). The speci ...
... resistance to toxic metals Pb2+, Cd2+ and Ag+. The direction of transport of CPxtype ATPases is mostly to the periplasm without further transport from the periplasm to the outside. The substrates in vivo are likely metal-thiolate complexes rather than the free metals (Sharma et al., 2000). The speci ...
measuring force in the developing zebrafish embryo using
... we report the first use of FLIM-FRET in the zebrafish embryo, show the epithelial adhesion protein, EpCAM, is under tension in the developing embryo and show the embryo margin is under higher tension than other regions of the fish. ...
... we report the first use of FLIM-FRET in the zebrafish embryo, show the epithelial adhesion protein, EpCAM, is under tension in the developing embryo and show the embryo margin is under higher tension than other regions of the fish. ...
Bitis gabonica rhinoceros
... limited success. We therefore used liquid phase isoelectric focusing which separates proteins based on their isoelectric points. Using an ampholyte range of 6–8 pI (under non-denaturing and nonreducing conditions), venom proteins were well separated (figure 1B) and high serine protease activity obse ...
... limited success. We therefore used liquid phase isoelectric focusing which separates proteins based on their isoelectric points. Using an ampholyte range of 6–8 pI (under non-denaturing and nonreducing conditions), venom proteins were well separated (figure 1B) and high serine protease activity obse ...
assembly and enlargement of the primary cell wall in plants
... The tight noncovalent bonding between adjacent glucans within a cellulose microfibril gives this structure remarkable properties. Cellulose has very high tensile strength—equivalent to steel (Wainwright et al 1976)—and is insoluble, chemically stable, and relatively immune to enzymatic attack. Micro ...
... The tight noncovalent bonding between adjacent glucans within a cellulose microfibril gives this structure remarkable properties. Cellulose has very high tensile strength—equivalent to steel (Wainwright et al 1976)—and is insoluble, chemically stable, and relatively immune to enzymatic attack. Micro ...
Connecting muscles to tendons - Development
... Tendon determination: autonomous versus non-autonomous induction The precise connectivity between muscles, tendons and bones is crucial for optimal locomotion of the organism, yet the pathways involved in this process are poorly understood. Several mechanisms could underlie the accurate connectivity ...
... Tendon determination: autonomous versus non-autonomous induction The precise connectivity between muscles, tendons and bones is crucial for optimal locomotion of the organism, yet the pathways involved in this process are poorly understood. Several mechanisms could underlie the accurate connectivity ...
Structural and chemical differences in the cell wall regions in
... been detected in fresh and dehydrated onion tissue, has been proposed to affect the firmness of thermally processed onion.15,16 This suggests that PME may play an active role in modifying the texture of onion. Although PG activity has not been investigated in onion, it has been correlated to a loss ...
... been detected in fresh and dehydrated onion tissue, has been proposed to affect the firmness of thermally processed onion.15,16 This suggests that PME may play an active role in modifying the texture of onion. Although PG activity has not been investigated in onion, it has been correlated to a loss ...
manipulation of respiratory burst of neutrophils using c1
... Figure 4-20 Effects of 0.2% Triton X-100 and 0.1mM EDTA on activity of extracted PMN SOD or bovine erythrocytes SOD...................................................................................... 79 Figure 4-21 Effects of Triton X-100 on extracted SOD from WBC and EDTA. ................... 80 ...
... Figure 4-20 Effects of 0.2% Triton X-100 and 0.1mM EDTA on activity of extracted PMN SOD or bovine erythrocytes SOD...................................................................................... 79 Figure 4-21 Effects of Triton X-100 on extracted SOD from WBC and EDTA. ................... 80 ...
Lecture 06, case study - Taxol - Cal State LA
... The Search for Anti-Cancer Drugs Cancer is caused by normal cells that acquire mutations causing them to proliferate and eventually metastasize, spreading throughout the body and causing inevitable death Small molecules that are selectively toxic to dividing cells have potential as anti-cancer drug ...
... The Search for Anti-Cancer Drugs Cancer is caused by normal cells that acquire mutations causing them to proliferate and eventually metastasize, spreading throughout the body and causing inevitable death Small molecules that are selectively toxic to dividing cells have potential as anti-cancer drug ...
LPAproducing enzyme PAPLA1 regulates hair follicle development
... LPA exerts most of its functions through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) (Anliker and Chun, 2004; Moolenaar et al, 2004). So far, six LPA-specific GPCRs belonging to either the endothelial cell differentiation gene family (LPA1,2,3) or P2Y family (LPA4,5,6) have been identified (Anliker and Chun ...
... LPA exerts most of its functions through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) (Anliker and Chun, 2004; Moolenaar et al, 2004). So far, six LPA-specific GPCRs belonging to either the endothelial cell differentiation gene family (LPA1,2,3) or P2Y family (LPA4,5,6) have been identified (Anliker and Chun ...
a gene required for dorsoventrality of leaves in
... either the phan-249G or phan-552 allele. One quarter of the progeny of each F1 plant consisted of either severe phan mutants, assumed to be homozygous for the phan-249G allele, or plants that resembled the new phan mutant in morphology, suggesting that they were homozygous for the phan-552 allele. P ...
... either the phan-249G or phan-552 allele. One quarter of the progeny of each F1 plant consisted of either severe phan mutants, assumed to be homozygous for the phan-249G allele, or plants that resembled the new phan mutant in morphology, suggesting that they were homozygous for the phan-552 allele. P ...
CXCR4 and CXCR7 Have Distinct Functions in Regulating
... seven-transmembrane receptors, which signal through both G proteins and b-arrestin, CXCR7 may only signal through b-arrestin (Rajagopal et al., 2010). b-arrestin activation then leads to stimulation of the MAP kinase casade (Rajagopal et al., 2010; Xiao et al., 2010). CXCL12 and CXCR4 cellular funct ...
... seven-transmembrane receptors, which signal through both G proteins and b-arrestin, CXCR7 may only signal through b-arrestin (Rajagopal et al., 2010). b-arrestin activation then leads to stimulation of the MAP kinase casade (Rajagopal et al., 2010; Xiao et al., 2010). CXCL12 and CXCR4 cellular funct ...
Autoantibody Explosion in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: More
... externalized in blebs. Apoptosis results in disruption of intracellular boundaries (thus exposing cytoplasmic and nuclear antigens), and in clustering and structural modification of nuclear, cytoplasmic, and membrane autoantigens—the main autoantibodies in SLE (363,364). Another finding supporting t ...
... externalized in blebs. Apoptosis results in disruption of intracellular boundaries (thus exposing cytoplasmic and nuclear antigens), and in clustering and structural modification of nuclear, cytoplasmic, and membrane autoantigens—the main autoantibodies in SLE (363,364). Another finding supporting t ...
Extragenic suppressors of zwi-3 - Development
... microtubules has been confirmed in vitro (Song et al., 1997). An antibody to the calmodulin-binding domain has been used to localize KCBP to the preprophase band, the phragmoplast, and the mitotic spindle in cultured plant cells (Bowser and Reddy, 1997). In addition, MT cosedimentation assays using ...
... microtubules has been confirmed in vitro (Song et al., 1997). An antibody to the calmodulin-binding domain has been used to localize KCBP to the preprophase band, the phragmoplast, and the mitotic spindle in cultured plant cells (Bowser and Reddy, 1997). In addition, MT cosedimentation assays using ...
Chapter 17. Cytoskeleton Chapter 17. Cytoskeleton Chapter 17
... Chapter 17. Cytoskeleton • Cells are not “bags of enzymes”, but rather organized in three dimensions. • This organization is carried out by the cytoskeleton, the “bones and muscles” (and more) of cells. • Cells are thousands of times larger than a typical molecule. Therefore the cytoskeleton must lo ...
... Chapter 17. Cytoskeleton • Cells are not “bags of enzymes”, but rather organized in three dimensions. • This organization is carried out by the cytoskeleton, the “bones and muscles” (and more) of cells. • Cells are thousands of times larger than a typical molecule. Therefore the cytoskeleton must lo ...
Cytoskeleton: What Does GTP Do for Septins? Dispatch
... CDC10, CDC11 and CDC12 — required for normal bud morphology. Subsequent work suggested that septins are the building blocks of the neck filaments which organize the thin neck of cytoplasm separating the mother and bud. [1]. Septins are also present in metazoan cells, where they are required for cyto ...
... CDC10, CDC11 and CDC12 — required for normal bud morphology. Subsequent work suggested that septins are the building blocks of the neck filaments which organize the thin neck of cytoplasm separating the mother and bud. [1]. Septins are also present in metazoan cells, where they are required for cyto ...
and Fibrinogen-Dependent Mechanisms Contribute to Platelet
... platelet aggregation were investigated using gel-filtered platelets. Fibrinogen and specific anti-ClfB antibodies were found to be sufficient to allow platelet aggregation mediated by the wild-type ClfB protein. It seems that ClfB causes platelet aggregation by a fibrinogen-dependent mechanism. The ...
... platelet aggregation were investigated using gel-filtered platelets. Fibrinogen and specific anti-ClfB antibodies were found to be sufficient to allow platelet aggregation mediated by the wild-type ClfB protein. It seems that ClfB causes platelet aggregation by a fibrinogen-dependent mechanism. The ...
Self-Referential Encoding on Modules of Anticodon Pairs—Roots of
... The setting for the origins of cells inside geochemical systems (discussion in [13,14]) considers plain continuity between the universal flow where the sink is almost virtual, that is, the entropic direction given by thermodynamic degradation, which becomes real in its application to matter, where t ...
... The setting for the origins of cells inside geochemical systems (discussion in [13,14]) considers plain continuity between the universal flow where the sink is almost virtual, that is, the entropic direction given by thermodynamic degradation, which becomes real in its application to matter, where t ...
copyrighted material - Edinburgh Cell Wall Group
... 1.2 The classic primary cell walls of dicots For many years, rapidly growing and dividing suspension-cultured cells of sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) were the paradigm for primary cell wall studies. They do, however, have certain unusual features, e.g. an exaggerated extensin content (∼20% of the dr ...
... 1.2 The classic primary cell walls of dicots For many years, rapidly growing and dividing suspension-cultured cells of sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) were the paradigm for primary cell wall studies. They do, however, have certain unusual features, e.g. an exaggerated extensin content (∼20% of the dr ...
Hepatitis A Virus Adaptation to Cellular Shutoff Is Driven by Dynamic
... codons at sites at which translation errors are structurally disruptive, such as buried residues and/or residues at sites where mutations lead to large changes in free energy (6). At the same time, clusters of low-fidelity rare codons, which act as translation attenuation patterns, caused by ribosom ...
... codons at sites at which translation errors are structurally disruptive, such as buried residues and/or residues at sites where mutations lead to large changes in free energy (6). At the same time, clusters of low-fidelity rare codons, which act as translation attenuation patterns, caused by ribosom ...
STING and the innate immune response to nucleic acids in the cytosol.
... innate immune system. Studies have established that nucleic acids derived from extracellular sources are sensed mainly by endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs), such as TLR3, TLR7 and TLR9, whereas cytosolic nucleic acids are detected independently of TLRs by a variety of less-well-characterized mech ...
... innate immune system. Studies have established that nucleic acids derived from extracellular sources are sensed mainly by endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs), such as TLR3, TLR7 and TLR9, whereas cytosolic nucleic acids are detected independently of TLRs by a variety of less-well-characterized mech ...
Persistent Firing Supported by an Intrinsic Cellular
... agonist carbachol (CCh; 10 M), the same current injection was followed by persistent firing in 92% (11 of 12) of the same postsubicular cells (Fig. 1d, CCh). Figure 1b shows an example of the persistent firing in carbachol in the same cell as in Figure 1a. Firing could persist for up to 2.5 min, af ...
... agonist carbachol (CCh; 10 M), the same current injection was followed by persistent firing in 92% (11 of 12) of the same postsubicular cells (Fig. 1d, CCh). Figure 1b shows an example of the persistent firing in carbachol in the same cell as in Figure 1a. Firing could persist for up to 2.5 min, af ...
... consists of five immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains, with the LFA-1 binding site located at the N terminal domain (domain 1) and the Mac-1 binding site located within the 3rd Ig-like domain [42, 43]. Endothelial ICAM-1 expression increases after stimulation with proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1 ...